同步临床实习模式下护理研究分段式教学

目的探讨同步临床实习模式下护理研究分段式教学的效果。方法将2011级85名本科护生作为对照组,2012级76名本科护生作为实验组。对照组《护理研究》课程采用传统教学法在第6学期学完,实验组采用改革的分段式教学方法分配在第4学期、第5学期、第6学期学完。结果课程教学结束后,实验组评判性思维能力总分及寻找真相、分析能力、评判思维的自信心、求知欲4个维度得分显著高于对照组,科研能力中问题发现、文献查阅2个维度得分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01),但实验组期末课程理论知识考核成绩显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论《护理研究》采用分段式教学有助于提高护生的评判性思维能力及问题发现和文献查阅能力。     

IBL教学法在专科护生首轮临床实习中的应用

目的探讨以质疑为基础的教学法在本科护生首轮临床实习中的应用效果。方法将临床实习的护生244人随机分为对照组123人和实验组121人。对照组采用传统教学法,实验组在此基础上采用IBL教学法,即通过小组学习和反思周记培养其评判性思维能力,实习时间为3个月。结果首轮实习结束,两组综合考核成绩比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);实验组47.11%～64.46%、对照组18.70%～39.84%的护生认为本组教学法有利于激发学习兴趣、加深所学知识的理解,提高表达能力、自学能力、团结协作能力及临床综合能力。结论IBL教学法加强了护生临床综合能力的培养,更有利于提高其综合素质及临床护理教学质量。     

翻转课堂联合教练式教学在护生实习岗前培训中的应用

目的探讨翻转课堂联合教练式教学法在护生实习岗前护理操作培训中的应用效果。方法采取历史对照设计,将2016年6月的35名实习护生纳入对照组,在岗前护理操作培训中采取翻转课堂教学法,将2017年6月的35名实习护生归入观察组,采取翻转课堂联合教练式教学法。结果观察组护生学习满意度显著高于对照组(P0.01);理论知识、实践操作考核成绩显著优于对照组(均P0.01)。结论翻转课堂联合教练式教学能显著提升实习护生岗前操作培训的效果及学习满意度。     

Application of team-based learning to teaching of the Critical Care course

目的 探讨以团队为基础的教学模式在急重症护理教学中的应用效果.方法 选取102名高职护生,随机分为观察组(52名)和对照组(50名).观察组采用以团队为基础的教学模式教学,对照组采用传统教学模式,教学结束后进行综合理论及实践技能考核,并对两组护生的评判性思维能力及自主学习能力进行问卷调查.结果 观察组理论考核成绩、实践技能考核成绩、自主学习能力、评判性思维能力显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 以团队为基础的教学模式可提高护生的自主学习能力及评判性思维能力.     

概念式教学法在临床护理教学中的应用

目的 探讨概念式教学法在护理本科生(护生)临床护理教学中的应用效果.方法 将2001级护生30名作为对照组,行常规临床实习;2002级和2003级27名护生作为观察组,在临床带教过程中采用概念式教学法.比较两组实习考核成绩.结果 观察组信息获取及分析能力、临床护理能力考核成绩显著优于对照组,而护理操作考核成绩显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 在护生临床护理教学中采用概念式教学法能加强护生理论联系实践能力的培养,但同时应注意加强护生的护理操作培训.     

沉浸式饮食护理教育游戏在消化内科临床教学中的应用

目的 探讨沉浸式饮食护理教育游戏在消化内科实习护生临床实践教学中的应用效果.方法 将在2所附属医院消化内科实习的护生80名随机分为两组各40例.对照组采取常规饮食护理实践教学;干预组在对照组基础上实施沉浸式饮食护理教育游戏,以护生作为游戏玩家,通过闯关不同游戏环节,学习饮食护理知识和技能.干预前后对两组实习护生饮食护理实践能力、评判性思维能力进行评价.结果 干预后,干预组护生饮食护理实践能力、评判性思维能力各维度得分和总分显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 沉浸式饮食护理教育游戏应用于消化内科实习护生临床实践教学,可提升护生的饮食护理实践能力和评判性思维能力.     

护生基于Gibbs反思循环圈撰写实习反思日志的效果

目的 探讨护生基于Gibbs反思循环圈撰写实习反思日志的效果.方法 按照进入临床实习的时间将本科护生分为对照组62名和观察组63名.两组均采用传统临床带教,对照组每周撰写心得体会,观察组基于Gibbs反思循环圈按描述、感受、评价、分析、总结和行动计划6步每周书写实习反思日志.结果 实习10个月后,观察组评判性思维能力总分、各维度评分及床边护理综合能力评分显著高于对照组;且观察组对实习带教总体评价及建立临床思维,提升理论知识、人际交往和沟通能力、循证能力方面的评价显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 临床实习中,护生基于Gibbs反思循环圈撰写反思日志,有利于培养其评判性思维能力,提升其临床实践综合能力,并赢得护生对实习带教的好评.     

双维度教学法规范中专护生肌内注射的实践

目的 探讨双维度教学法对培养护生职业危害自我防护意识的教学效果.方法 将100名中专护生随机分为观察组和对照组各50名.对照组采用传统教学法进行肌内注射理论教学及操作训练;观察组运用双维度教学法,即从无菌观念、自我防护意识2个维度进行肌内注射理论教学及操作训练,并以2个维度考核评价教学效果.结果 观察组操作技能考核成绩及职业防护知识显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 运用双维度教学法有助于提高护生肌内注射操作技能,且能培养护生职业危害自我防护意识.     

以团队为基础的教学模式在急重症护理教学中的应用

目的探讨以团队为基础的教学模式在急重症护理教学中的应用效果。方法选取102名高职护生,随机分为观察组(52名)和对照组(50名)。观察组采用以团队为基础的教学模式教学,对照组采用传统教学模式,教学结束后进行综合理论及实践技能考核,并对两组护生的评判性思维能力及自主学习能力进行问卷调查。结果观察组理论考核成绩、实践技能考核成绩、自主学习能力、评判性思维能力显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论以团队为基础的教学模式可提高护生的自主学习能力及评判性思维能力。     

反思性教学在基于高仿真模拟人护理实训教学中的应用

目的 探讨反思性教学方法在基于高仿真模拟人护理实训教学中的应用效果.方法 随机将护理三年制两个班的护生分为实验班与对照班各41人,两班均开展基于高仿真模拟人的护理实训教学,实验班在教学设计与实施过程中引入反思性教学法.于课程开设前及课程结束后1周内采用评判性思维能力测量表测评,并比较课程考核成绩.结果 课程结束后实验班评判性思维能力总分及开放思想、系统化能力、求知欲、认知成熟度、自信心维度得分显著高于对照组(均P＜0.05),实验班课程考核成绩显著优于对照班(P＜0.01).结论 反思性教学有助于护生开放思维,提升求知欲、认知成熟度,从而提高护生评判性思维能力及护理实训教学效果.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.