Nursing care for patients receiving injection of sclerosing foam for varix of lower limb

对52例下肢静脉曲张患者采用聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂注射治疗,结果所有病例成功注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,未出现深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞等严重并发症.注射后2～3 d出院.1个月后复查治疗效果显著47例,行二次治疗4例,1例复发.提出注射前做好物品准备、皮肤护理及心理护理等,注射时严格遵守无菌操作原则、注射剂量准确,注射后做好肢体、注射部位护理,并发症的预防及处理,是保证治疗顺利进行及治疗效果的措施之一.     

聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗体表静脉畸形的疗效

目的 探讨注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗体表静脉畸形的疗效和安全性.方法 用1％聚桂醇注射液,按Tessari法制作泡沫硬化剂(液∶气为1∶4).在瘤体内注射泡沫硬化剂治疗体表静脉畸形患者21例.根据瘤体大小、患者年龄决定用药量,每次聚桂醇液体硬化剂用量在1～2 ml,每次聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂用量在8 ml以内,每隔4周重复注射1次,3～5次为1个疗程.根据治疗前后病灶大小、症状改善情况进行疗效评价,将治疗效果分为优、良、中、差4个等级;并通过治疗疗程及期间出现的并发症情况进行安全性评估.结果 21例患者,经3～18个月随访,优10例(47.6％),良9例(42.9％),中2例(9.5％).所有患者每次治疗后均可发生注射部位肿胀,发热5例,21例均未发生严重并发症.结论 聚桂醇泡沫硬化疗法治疗体表静脉畸形安全、有效.     

聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张200例临床分析

目的:探讨聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张的效果。方法:对200例下肢曲张静脉进行聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂注射治疗,观察术后治疗效果。结果:298条肢体均成功注射,平均每条肢体应用6~8 ml泡沫硬化剂。平均随访6个月,下肢活动后酸胀、乏力感均消失,曲张静脉消失;小腿局限轻度曲张3例。结论:新型泡沫硬化剂治疗大隐静脉曲张,方便、有效、痛苦小、无瘢痕形成、无严重并发症,可重复进行,近期疗效佳。     

聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗浅表静脉畸形的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗浅表静脉畸形的疗效与安全性。方法 2013年1月至2014年4月,对17例浅表静脉畸形患者采用硬化治疗。采用Tessari法制作聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂(液气比为1∶4),其中聚桂醇注射液浓度为1%。治疗4周1次,末次治疗结束后1个月,根据病灶颜色和大小进行疗效评价,同时记录治疗过程中及治疗后的不良反应。结果 17例患者平均治疗3.06次,治疗后5例病灶接近正常,7例明显好转,3例部分改善,2例轻度改善,无效0例;不良反应包括局部肿胀、疼痛、皮肤色素沉着。结论应用聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗浅表静脉畸形,疗效肯定,无严重并发症,安全性高。     

彩超引导下聚桂醇泡沫硬化治疗静脉畸形临床疗效观察

目的:分析彩超引导下聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗静脉畸形的临床疗效。方法:选择笔者医院2012年11月~2013年6月收治的静脉畸形患者96例,其中婴幼儿35例,成人及儿童61例,分别行彩超引导下畸形管腔内注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,观察治疗后畸形管腔闭合情况及吸收情况。96例患者均在彩超引导下分次、多部位成功注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂,每日1次,每次2~6ml,总疗程4~8次,疗程结束3个月后复查。结果:97.9%的患者经此方法治疗后,畸形血管腔全部或者部分闭塞吸收,肿块萎缩,颜色消退。治疗后2例患者出现轻微静脉炎症,经抗炎治疗后好转。2例患者因畸形静脉表浅,出现局部表皮小面积坏死,经对症处理后愈合。结论:聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗静脉畸形临床疗效满意,合理应用该药物可显著提高静脉畸形的治疗效果。     

超声引导下聚多卡醇泡沫硬化剂治疗大隐静脉曲张的早期临床疗效分析

目的:探讨聚多卡醇泡沫硬化剂治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床效果及大隐静脉主干硬化治疗的有效方法。方法:对35例大隐静脉曲张患者在超声引导下行泡沫硬化剂注射治疗,大隐静脉主干内注射3%聚多卡醇泡沫硬化剂,曲张静脉属支内注射1%聚多卡醇泡沫硬化剂。观察术后临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果:35例患者均成功行超声引导下行泡沫硬化剂注射治疗,随访6个月以上,大隐静脉主干治疗段硬化闭塞良好,未见血流信号;术后6个月静脉临床症状严重程度评分VCSS评分较术前明显下降[(1.0+0.4)分vs.(4.2+1.5)分](P0.01);其中2例患者出现术中不良反应,3例患者需要行二次曲张静脉属支泡沫硬化剂注射治疗,所有患者均未发生深静脉血栓及肺栓塞等严重并发症。结论:超声引导下聚多卡醇泡沫硬化剂治疗大隐静脉曲张,具有创伤小、无严重并发症,可重复进行,近期随访效果良好等优点。     

B超引导下多点注射聚桂醇治疗头颈部淋巴管畸形

目的:探讨B超引导下聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂腔内多点注射栓塞治疗头颈部淋巴管畸形的临床效果。方法:选取2016年9月-2018年8月笔者科室收治的淋巴管畸形患者11例,其中大囊型4例,微囊型2例,混合型5例,采用术中超声引导多点穿刺,边抽吸边注射,实时动态监测B超下聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂弥散范围,术毕加压包扎。结果:11例患者经1～3次治疗,术后随访3个月～1年,其中显效7例(巨囊型3例,混合型4例),有效3例(巨囊型1例,混合型1例,微囊型1例),无效1例(微囊型1例),总有效例数为10例。术后均未发生严重并发症。结论:B超引导下聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂腔内多点注射栓塞治疗头颈部淋巴管畸形定位精准,疗效肯定,安全性高,微创且无严重并发症,值得临床推广应用。     

聚桂醇泡沫硬化治疗下肢静脉曲张562例分析

目的探讨无超声引导下聚桂醇泡沫硬化治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果。方法 2009年10月～2011年4月对562例下肢曲张静脉穿刺进行聚桂醇泡沫硬化注射治疗,硬化剂泡沫使用20 ml注射器抽取10 ml空气注入含10 ml聚桂醇的安瓿瓶反复抽吸形成,再将10 ml含泡沫硬化剂的注射器与6号头皮针相连,硬化治疗下肢静脉曲张562例共613条患肢。结果 1周后复查曲张静脉触诊均变成硬条索状,未有触及软的曲张静脉,3个月后患者未诉有明显曲张静为治愈,1个疗程聚桂醇泡沫硬化治疗后治愈率98.2%（602/613）,2个疗程治疗后治愈率100%。并发症发生率12.3%（69/562）,其中干咳为主要并发症,占10.1%（57/562）。结论无超声引导聚桂醇泡沫硬化治疗下肢静脉曲张操作简单、有效、微创、安全。     

聚桂醇注射液治疗大隐静脉曲张78例临床疗效观察

目的:观察国产新型硬化剂聚桂醇注射液治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果.方法:78例下肢静脉曲张患者90条肢体,其中60条重度下肢静脉曲张患者采用点状抽剥联合聚桂醇泡沫硬化,30条轻度静脉曲张采用直接注射聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂加压包扎或穿弹力袜.结果:术后1个月,点状抽剥加硬化剂治疗的60条肢体和单纯泡沫硬化剂治疗30条肢体,全部下肢肿痛乏力感消失,皮肤瘙痒感减轻,下肢静脉曲张畸形消失.结论:新型泡沫硬化剂是治疗下肢静脉曲张的有效药物.     

下肢静脉曲张手术联合聚桂醇泡沫疗法78例护理

目的:总结下肢静脉曲张围手术期的护理,探讨大隐静脉主干剥脱联合聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗后相应的护理对策。方法:对78例下肢静脉曲张大隐静脉曲张患者主干剥脱术联合聚桂醇泡沫疗法围手术期进行细致、耐心的护理,观察护理效果,分析总结护理经验。结果:经过大隐静脉主干剥脱联合聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂治疗,患者术后下肢症状及体征包括酸胀、色素沉着、疼痛等不适症状均有极大的改善,获得了较好的效果。结论:针对下肢静脉曲张的常见性、危险性以及手术的关键性、护理难度大等特点,进行严密的观察和细致的护理是治疗成功的关键。     

Rules for allocation of livers for transplantation

Previous rules of allocation of livers for transplantation were based mainly on local priorities, with final management left to the local team. This created substantial regional disparities. A prospective survey of waiting list deaths and dropouts due to aggravation of liver disease (2003-2005) validated the MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score on French data. A new allocation score (Liver Score) for liver transplants, based on specific variables for each liver disease, was introduced in March 2007. An initial evaluation, based on the first 5 months of practice, clearly shows that the Liver Score reduces the rates of deaths, dropouts, and futile transplantations; it also accelerates access to transplantation for the sickest patients. Several points remain unresolved: both the MELD and Liver scores may be improved. The variability of the MELD score related to different laboratory assay methods requires harmonization between laboratories.     

Survey of arrangements for anaesthesia for interventional neuroradiology for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

The management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage following rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is changing. The recent introduction of endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm using detachable coils offers an alternative to craniotomy and clipping of the aneurysm for the prevention of recurrent aneurysmal haemorrhage. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the current provision of peri-operative care for patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. A survey was conducted of the 34 neuroscience centres which provide an adult neurosurgery service in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Most centres reported an increasing role for coiling, and a decreasing role for clipping in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The provision of peri-operative care for patients undergoing interventional neuroradiology procedures varied greatly between centres. Neurovascular services in the UK are being reorganised and adequate staff and facilities should be available for the peri-operative care of patients undergoing interventional neuroradiology procedures.     

Risk factors for osteoporosis for residents of Kiwa

We evaluated 207 individuals (49 men and 158 women) living in a small town in central Japan to identify the risk factors for, and the etiology of, osteoporosis. Female sex, advanced age, short stature, low body weight, and deficiencies in calcium and protein intake were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Nutrition appeared to be strongly related to a decrease in bone mass, because subjects who lived solitary lives were more likely to have decreased bone mass and bone mass was similar between husbands and wives.     

Criteria for selection of patients for bariatric surgery

Because of the high prevalence of co-morbid conditions and poor life expectancy a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 kg/m(2) or more is an indication for surgery in a fully informed, consenting adult in optimal medical condition to tolerate general anaesthesia. Patients with BMI of 35-40 kg/m(2) and the existence of one or more serious obesity-related conditions ameliorated by weight loss, such as hypertension, pulmonary insufficiency, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus etc., are also candidates for surgical treatment. The bariatric surgeon should use these international criteria as guidelines only, not strict rules. Attempts on the part of internists and more frequently insurance carriers to require documented failure of previous non-operative treatment is not meaningful.