Investigation of Formaldehyde Pollution in Some Newly Decorated Houses in Yinchuan, Ningxia

目的 了解居民住宅新装修后不同时间段室内甲醛浓度动态变化规律.方法 选取银川市装修水平相近、装修规格相近且档次相近的居民住宅83户,按照装修后0～1、3、6、12个月各时间段进行室内空气甲醛浓度追踪调查.结果 甲醛浓度在装修后4个时间段的超标率分别为95％,73％,41％,28％.装修12个月后,每天通风4h以上的居室甲醛浓度为(0.11±0.07)mg/m3,通风不足4h的居室甲醛浓度为(0.16±0.09)mg/m3,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).装修后各时间段不同功能房间甲醛超标率不同,装修12个月后主卧超标率为37％,次卧为24％,厨房为21％,客厅为17％.结论居民新装修住宅室内甲醛污染较严重.装修后随时间的延长,超标率呈下降趋势.     

新装修居室空气中甲醛污染状况研究

目的:了解新装修居室空气中甲醛污染状况。方法:采用酚试剂分光光度法对贵阳市装修完工1年以内的60户住户室内空气中甲醛浓度进行测定和评价。结果:共调查了69间卧室,在密闭条件下有60间卧室空气中甲醛浓度超过国家卫生标准,超标率为86.96%,通风条件下,有16间卧室超过国家卫生标准,超标率为23.19%,显著低于密闭状态;装修完工3个月内的有22间,密闭时室内甲醛超标率达100%,装修完工4~6个月的有27间,密闭时甲醛超标率为88.89%,装修完工7~12个月的有19间,密闭时甲醛超标率为73.68%,随着装修时间的延长,室内空气中甲醛的平均浓度降低,超标率下降。结论:新装修居室室内空气中甲醛超标率高,通风能显著降低室内甲醛浓度。随装修时间的延长,室内甲醛浓度降低。     

新装修居室空气中甲醛的监测分析

为了解濮阳市新装修居室中甲醛的污染状况 ,对新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度进行了一年的监测分析 ,结果表明 ,装修后一年内有 8个月甲醛浓度超标 ,浓度为 0 .0 2 2～ 1.2 0 0mg m3,超标率为 12 %～ 10 0 %。这表明新装修居室中甲醛污染严重。从装修短期内看 ,甲醛浓度与装修时间不呈明显的依从关系 ,还与室温有关。从长远来看 ,空气中甲醛含量还是随着时间延长而降低。装修 10个月后甲醛浓度符合国家卫生标准0 .0 8mg m3。     

新装修住宅室内空气质量监测分析

目的了解新装修住宅室内空气质量污染状况和影响室内空气质量的因素.方法以城区新装修居民作为调查对象,随机抽取50户新装修住宅进行空气采样,检测指标为甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯.同时对部分居民进行调查.结果城区新装修住宅室内主要污染物是甲醛,超标率为68%;其次是苯系物,超标率在14～20%.不同装修时间其污染物浓度差别较大.结论装修材料释放甲醛和苯系物,污染居室环境,装修后应实施降低室内污染的各种对策,以减少对人体的危害.     

新装修居室空气甲醛浓度的调查

目的：为了解新装修住宅室内空气甲醛污染状况。方法：在长沙市城区东、南、西、北随机抽取17户新装修、添置了新的木制家具的居室内设点监测。结果：62．5％的监测点空气中甲醛浓度超过标准，最高浓度为2．2m8／m：，超标27．5倍，装修三个月内的居室空气中甲醛浓度及超标率均显著高于装修三个月后居室空气中甲醛浓度及超标率。结论：居室装修对室内空气的污染不容忽视．室内空气甲醛浓度随着时间的延长而逐步降低。建议采取多项综合措施．减少室内污染物的浓度。     

新装修居室内甲醛污染检测结果分析

[目的 ]分析新装修居室内甲醛污染状况及特点 ,探讨室内甲醛浓度随装修完工后时间长短的变化规律。 [方法 ]检测分析厦门市区 10 1套居室的 3 91个采样点装修后室内空气中的甲醛浓度。[结果 ]在这些采样点中 ,空气甲醛浓度>0 10mg/m3 的超标者占 68 0 %,超标 2倍以上者 3 1 2 %;套房内空气甲醛浓度均值为书房 >卧室 >客厅 ;空气甲醛浓度的峰值不是出现在装修完工后的初期 ( 1个月内 ) ,而是出现在更后些时间段 ( 2～ 3个月 )。[结论 ]新装修居室的室内甲醛污染状况较为严重 (尤其是头 3个月 ) ,装修完 1年内都应注意室内的通风换气 ,以降低室内空气中的甲醛浓度     

室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势

目的 :研究室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势。方法 :选择装修后不同时间段的居民住宅 5 4家和公共场所经营单位 5 2家进行室内空气中甲醛浓度的测定。结果 :甲醛浓度在居民住宅装修 1年之内的超标率为 79.9%～ 85 .4 % ,1年～ 2年之间的超标率为 5 0 .0 % ,2年之后为 18.3% ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。公共场所装修半年之内甲醛含量的超标率为 6 5 .5 %～ 81.3% ,半年～ 1年为 36 .84 % ,1年之后小于 15 .4 % ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :室内装修后甲醛浓度随着装修时间的延长而逐渐降低 ,居民住宅约需 2年 ,公共场所需 1年才能达到国家卫生标准     

室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势

目的 :研究室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势。方法 :选择装修后不同时间段的居民住宅 5 4家和公共场所经营单位 5 2家进行室内空气中甲醛浓度的测定。结果 :甲醛浓度在居民住宅装修 1年之内的超标率为 79.9%～ 85 .4 % ,1年～ 2年之间的超标率为 5 0 .0 % ,2年之后为18.3% ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。公共场所装修半年之内甲醛含量的超标率为 6 5 .5 %～ 81.3% ,半年～ 1年为 36 .84 % ,1年之后 <15 .4 % ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :室内装修后甲醛浓度随着装修时间的延长而逐渐降低 ,居民住宅大约需要 2年、公共场所大约需要 1年才能达到国家卫生标准。     

装修后不同时间居室空气污染的调查

目的 :了解室内装修所致的室内空气污染状况。方法 :以新装修 3个月 (A组 )、1年 (B组 )和 1 0年以上 (C组 )的住宅为调查对象 ,分别测定空气中的CO、CO2 、甲醛、COD含量。结果 :在 4项指标中 ,CO、CO2 浓度在三个组中无显差异。在装修 3个月的住宅内 ,甲醛和COD的浓度超标率均为 1 0 0 %。在装修 1年的住宅中 ,甲醛和COD浓度超标率分别为 72 %和 1 0 0 %。在装修十年以上的住宅中 ,甲醛和COD的浓度超标率分别为 8%和 0。A组的甲醛和COD浓度明显高于B组 :B组甲醛和COD浓度明显高于C组。通风前后甲醛浓度差异具有显著性。结论 :在新装修住宅中甲醛和COD污染较严重 ,随着装修时间延长甲醛和COD浓度下降明显。通风后甲醛浓度低于通风前     

宁波市新装修住宅室内空气质量调查

为了解宁波市新装修住宅空气质量及对居民健康的影响,于2010年3月至2012年8月,选择宁波市城区80户新装修住宅,对室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、氨浓度进行检测.同时对住户进行呼吸道症状、眼及皮肤刺激症状的卫生学调查.结果显示,新装修住宅内甲醛的超标率为57.5％,苯系物超标率分别为苯37.5％,甲苯38.7％,二甲苯20.0％;装修后不同时间的室内污染物浓度均有差异,＞3个月后浓度均降低;污染物超标的居室住户均有不同程度的自觉症状.提示本次调查的新装修居室存在不同程度的空气污染,以甲醛最为严重.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.