Prospective cross-validation of Doppler ultrasound examination and gray-scale ultrasound imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses.

OBJECTIVE: To cross-validate, prospectively, the diagnostic performance of established ultrasound methods for discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses. METHODS: A total of 173 consecutive women with a pelvic mass judged clinically to be of adnexal origin underwent preoperative ultrasound examination including color and spectral Doppler techniques. A total of 149 tumors were benign, and 24 were malignant. The sensitivity and false-positive rate with regard to malignancy were calculated for the following methods, using cut-off values recommended in previous publications: Lerner score; ultrasound morphology, i.e. tumors without solid components being classified as benign and tumors with solid components as malignant; tumor color score; pulsatility index; resistance index; time-averaged maximum velocity; peak systolic velocity; the combined use of ultrasound morphology and tumor color score and the combined use of ultrasound morphology and peak systolic velocity. Sensitivity and false-positive rate were also calculated for subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image and for subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image supplemented with subjective evaluation of color Doppler ultrasound examination. The confidence with which the diagnosis was made, based on subjective evaluation, was rated on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image was by far the best method for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors (sensitivity 88%, false-positive rate 4%), followed in descending order by subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image supplemented with color Doppler examination, the Lerner score and the time-averaged maximum velocity. Adding Doppler examination to subjective evaluation of the gray-scale image did not increase the number of correct diagnoses, but it increased the confidence with which a correct diagnosis was made in 14% of tumors. In 11 tumors (6% of the series as a whole), the addition of Doppler examination changed the diagnosis based on subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image from an incorrect (n = 1) or uncertain (n = 10) diagnosis to a correct and confident diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In experienced hands, subjective evaluation of the gray-scale ultrasound image is the best ultrasound method for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses. The main advantage of adding Doppler examination to subjective evaluation of the gray-scale image is an increase in the confidence with which a correct diagnosis is made.     

Does three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound help in discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian masses?

OBJECTIVES: To determine if tumor vascularity as assessed by three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound can be used to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, if adding 3D power Doppler ultrasound to gray-scale imaging improves differentiation between benignity and malignancy, and if 3D power Doppler ultrasound adds more to gray-scale ultrasound than does two-dimensional (2D) power Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: One hundred and six women scheduled for surgery because of an ovarian mass were examined with transvaginal gray-scale ultrasound and 2D and 3D power Doppler ultrasound. The color content of the tumor scan was rated subjectively by the ultrasound examiner on a visual analog scale. Vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated in the whole tumor and in a 5-cm(3) sample taken from the most vascularized area of the tumor. Logistic regression analysis was used to build models to predict malignancy. RESULTS: There were 79 benign tumors, six borderline tumors and 21 invasive malignancies. A logistic regression model including only gray-scale ultrasound variables (the size of the largest solid component, wall irregularity, and lesion size) was built to predict malignancy. It had an area under the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.98, sensitivity of 100%, false positive rate of 10%, and positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 10 when using the mathematically best cut-off value for risk of malignancy (0.12). The diagnostic performance of the 3D flow index with the best diagnostic performance, i.e. VI in a 5-cm(3) sample, was superior to that of the color content of the tumor scan (area under ROC curve 0.92 vs. 0.80, sensitivity 93% vs. 78%, false positive rate 16% vs. 27% using the mathematically best cut-off value). Adding the color content of the tumor scan or FI in a 5-cm(3) sample to the logistic regression model including the three gray-scale variables described above improved diagnostic performance only marginally, an additional two tumors being correctly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Even though 2D and 3D power Doppler ultrasound can be used to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, their use adds little to a correct diagnosis of malignancy in an ordinary population of ovarian tumors. Objective quantitation of the color content of the tumor scan using 3D power Doppler ultrasound does not seem to add more to gray-scale imaging than does subjective quantitation by the ultrasound examiner using 2D power Doppler ultrasound.     

Comparison of Lerner score, Doppler ultrasound examination, and their combination for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the combined use of Lerner's morphologic score and color Doppler ultrasound examination results in better discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses than the use of Lerner's score alone or Doppler variables alone. DESIGN: One hundred and seventy-three consecutive women with a pelvic mass judged clinically to be of adnexal origin underwent preoperative ultrasound examination including color and spectral Doppler techniques. One hundred and forty-nine tumors were benign and 24 malignant. The sensitivity and false-positive rate with regard to malignancy were calculated for Lerner's score, six Doppler variables and combinations of Lerner's score and Doppler variables. Previously defined gray scale and Doppler criteria of malignancy were used and tested prospectively. The best method was defined as that detecting most malignancies with the lowest false-positive rate. RESULTS: Lerner's score had a sensitivity of 92% and a false-positive rate of 36%. The best Doppler variable--time-averaged maximum velocity--had similar diagnostic properties with a sensitivity of 100% and a false-positive rate of 41%. Combining Lerner's score with Doppler measurement of time-averaged maximum velocity--i.e. requiring both Lerner's score and time-averaged maximum velocity to indicate malignancy for a malignant diagnosis to be made--had a sensitivity of 92% and a false-positive rate of 19%. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of Lerner's score and measurement of time-averaged maximum velocity is a better method for discrimination of benign and malignant adnexal masses than the use of Lerner's score alone or Doppler ultrasound examination alone. The clinical value of the combined method needs to be cross-validated prospectively in a new series of tumors.     

三维超声成像在良恶性乳腺肿块鉴别诊断的价值

目的研究三维超声在二维彩色超声和X线钼靶照像(简称钼靶)诊断不同的乳腺疑难肿块中的鉴别诊断价值。方法对我院二维彩色超声和钼靶定性不同的35个乳腺肿块,研究其三维超声成像的特点,并与手术、病理结果进行对照分析。结果乳腺肿块超声和钼靶检查经手术病理确诊的148个肿块中,两种方法定性不同的35个肿块占23.6%,钼靶误诊17个肿块,误诊率为11.5%;二维彩色超声误诊18个肿块,误诊率为12.2%(与乳腺纤维囊性增生症患者混淆的15例,占83.3%),通过三维超声灰阶表现汇聚征和冠状切面来判断其良恶性,误诊率降低为2.7%(4/148)。结论三维容积超声成像可观察到二维超声所不能显示的冠状切面,更直观、更形象地获得肿块立体形态及与周围组织的关系,提高了彩色超声对乳腺纤维囊性增生症的良恶性鉴别诊断的正确性,但对无症状的乳腺慢性炎症和常规超声漏诊病例尚需造影等进一步检查。     

Evaluation of breast tumors with color Doppler imaging: A comparison with image-directed Doppler ultrasound

Doppler ultrasound is an adjunct to other imaging modalities in differentiating benign from malignant breast tumors. Two groups of patients with breast nodules were examined using a 10/4.5 MHz (imaging frequency/pulsed Doppler frequency) image-directed Doppler probe and a 7.0/5.0 MHz color Doppler imaging probe, separately. Whenever flow signals were detected within or at the margin of the breast nodule, the lesion was considered to be malignant. In detecting malignant breast tumors, the sensitivity was 77.3% and 94.5%, specificity 83.3% and 40.1%, accuracy 81% and 63.4% for image directed Doppler and color Doppler imaging, respectively. We found color Doppler to be easier and more efficient in detecting the flow signals of neovascularity in breast tumor. Color Doppler exhibits a higher sensitivity in detecting the malignant breast tumors. However, more false-positive diagnoses were made. Color Doppler ultrasound also expedited the examination, and the whole procedure could be shortened from 35 minutes to 8 minutes compared with our previous examination performed by image-directed Doppler ultrasound. Due to its higher sensitivity and saving in examination time, we use color Doppler imaging as a routine procedure when solid lesions are observed in x-ray mammography or sonography, as a supplement to the diagnosis of breast tumors. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

肝细胞癌的灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声和超声造影的对比研究

目的通过肝细胞癌(HCC)的灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)和超声造影(CEUS)诊断的对比研究,探讨超声造影在肝细胞癌诊断中的优势。方法肝细胞癌患者20例,共26个病灶,均经手术或穿刺活检病理证实为肝细胞癌;分别用灰阶超声、彩色多普勒超声和超声造影检查,观察肿瘤的大小、回声强度、肿瘤内的血管和肿瘤实质的血流灌注。结果在肿瘤结节的形态上,超声造影与灰阶超声基本相似,但在肿瘤直径和面积的测值上,超声造影大于灰阶超声,存在显著差异(P<0.01),而且可以发现灰阶超声所不能显现的病灶。超声造影与彩色多普勒均显示肿瘤的血管和血供,但在显示肿瘤的微血管和血流灌注时,超声造影明显优于彩色多普勒(P<0.01)。肝细胞癌超声造影血管相的增强方式与细胞分化程度有一定的相关性。结论超声造影是实时、有效显示肝细胞癌肿瘤血管和血流灌注的方法。在HCC探测和定性方面明显优于灰阶超声和彩色多普勒超声,而且对肝细胞癌的恶性程度可做出一定的判断。     

经阴道彩色多普勒诊断盆腔静脉曲张症

目的使用彩色多普勒超声经阴道探测、评价其在盆腔静脉曲张症中的诊断价值。方法通过二维图像及彩色多普勒显像,重点观察子宫两侧附件区域的类椭圆形网络状低回声区或无回声区,进行测量、分析。结果盆腔静脉曲张症患者曲张静脉内径最窄达4 mm,最宽达12 mm,彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）可显示该区域不同方向的多色彩相间、流速减低的彩色血流信号。结论经阴道超声诊断盆腔静脉曲张症具有安全、无痛、经济、准确、可靠等优点和较高的灵敏度及特异度,是诊断盆腔静脉曲张症的首选方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例经手术及病理证实的颈动脉体瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声检查的显像特征.结果 18例颈动脉体瘤均诊断准确,超声诊断准确率100%,其二维超声均表现为于颈动脉分叉处的实质性相对均质的中低回声肿块.彩色多普勒超声可显示瘤体与颈内、外动脉的位置关系以及瘤体内回声和血流分布情况,脉冲多普勒血流频谱呈高速低阻型.结论 彩色多普勒超声检查对颈动脉体瘤的诊断具有较高的价值,可作为临床检查诊断颈动脉体瘤的首选检查方法.     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉体瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析11例患者颈动脉体瘤的声像图表现.结果 颈动脉体瘤声像图表现为颈动脉分叉处见实质性低回声肿块,边界清楚、边缘较规则、无明显包膜.肿瘤较小时,多位于颈总动脉分叉处,使颈内、外动脉间距增大;肿瘤较大时,常围绕血管生长.CDFI显示肿瘤内较丰富的血流信号,以动脉为主;用彩色多普勒能量图更能清晰地显示肿瘤内血流与颈动脉的关系;频谱多普勒显示:肿块内以动脉为主,为低速低阻型血流.结论 彩色多普勒超声是诊断颈动脉体瘤具有较大实用价值的首选方法.     

The use of contrasted transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of gynecologic diseases: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new contrast-dedicated ultrasound technology, contrast-tuned imaging (CnTI), implemented on an endovaginal probe and using the second-generation contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco International BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), compared with the standard ultrasound examination in different gynecologic diseases. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study in 4 different clinical centers. The study included 40 patients with uncertain pelvic adnexal masses, 10 patients with pelvic masses indicative of recurrences of gynecologic tumors, 26 patients with uterine pathologic features, and 13 patients with cervical lesions. RESULTS: Application of CnTI technology after the SonoVue injection gave a picture of the intralesional microvascularization dramatically different from that obtained during color Doppler examination. Of the 40 pelvic masses, 15 (37.5%) were considered benign and 25 (62.5%) were considered malignant at B-mode and color Doppler examinations. Contrast-enhanced sonography showed no intralesional contrast perfusion in 11 (73%) of 15 cases, and all these were benign at final diagnosis. Of the 4 (27%) cases that had perfusion, 2 were malignant. Conversely, of the 25 cases with positive findings at color Doppler examination and therefore expected to show the appearance of contrast tissue-filling morphologic characteristics, 13 (52%) were malignant at final diagnosis. For evaluation of uterine pathologic features, the CnTI-SonoVue technology did not appear to be superior to the B-mode and color Doppler examinations; however, for the evaluation of cervical cancer, CnTI-SonoVue technology revealed a better definition of the margins of the neoplastic lesions in 4 (40%) of 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluation of uncertain pelvic masses, the CnTI technology led to an improvement in the ability of the practitioner to differentiate benign from malignant adnexal lesions.     

Perforation of the uterus by an invasive mole using color Doppler ultrasound: case report.

A case of invasive mole is presented. The diagnosis made using transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound was confirmed by the subsequent surgical removal of a large tumor. The authors suggest that the use of transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound shows encouraging promise in such cases and should be considered in addition to pelvic arteriograms.     

Contribution of morphological assessment of the vessel tree by three-dimensional ultrasound to a correct diagnosis of malignancy in ovarian masses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether subjective evaluation of the morphology of the vessel tree of ovarian tumors, as depicted by three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, can discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, and whether it improves characterization compared with using gray-scale ultrasound imaging alone. METHODS: A consecutive series of 104 women scheduled for surgical removal of an ovarian mass were examined with transvaginal two-dimensional (2D) gray-scale and 3D power Doppler ultrasound. Predetermined vessel characteristics, e.g. density of vessels, branching, caliber changes and tortuosity, were evaluated in 360 degrees rotating 3D images of the vessel tree of the tumor. Ultrasound results were compared with those of the histology of the surgical specimens. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. RESULTS: There were 77 benign tumors, six borderline tumors and 21 invasive malignancies. All vascular features differed significantly between benign and malignant tumors. The areas under their receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUCs) were in the range 0.61-0.83. The AUC of a logistic regression model containing three gray-scale ultrasound variables was 0.98. This model correctly classified all malignancies, with a false-positive rate of 10% (8/77). Adding branching of vessels in the whole tumor to the gray-scale model yielded an AUC of 0.99 and resulted in all malignancies and an additional four benign tumors being correctly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective evaluation of the morphology of the vessel tree, as depicted by 3D power Doppler ultrasound, can be used to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors, but adds little to gray-scale ultrasound imaging in an ordinary population of tumors.     

An algorithm including results of gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination to predict endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if power Doppler ultrasound examination of the endometrium can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm. METHODS: Eighty-three women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm underwent gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination using predetermined, standardized settings. Suspicion of endometrial malignancy at gray-scale ultrasound examination (endometrial morphology) was noted, and the color content of the endometrium at power Doppler examination was estimated subjectively (endometrial color score). Computer analysis of the most vascularized area of the endometrium was done off-line in a standardized manner. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine which subjective and objective ultrasound and power Doppler variables satisfied the criteria to be included in a model to calculate the probability of endometrial malignancy. RESULTS: Endometrial thickness, vascularity index (vascularized area/endometrial area), and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) satisfied the criteria to be included in the model used to calculate the 'objective probability of endometrial malignancy'. Endometrial morphology, endometrial color score and HRT use satisfied the criteria to be included in the model to calculate the 'subjective probability of malignancy'. Endometrial thickness > or = 10.5 mm had a sensitivity with regard to endometrial cancer of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.61. At a fixed sensitivity of 0.88, the specificity of the 'objective probability of malignancy' (0.81) was superior to all other ultrasound and power Doppler variables (P = 0.001-0.02). The 'objective probability of malignancy' detected more malignancies at endometrium 5-15 mm than endometrial morphology (5/7 vs. 1/7, i.e. 0.71 vs. 0.14; P = 0.125) with a similar specificity (49/57 vs. 51/57, i.e. 0.86 vs. 0.89). CONCLUSION: Power Doppler ultrasound can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy, especially if the endometrium measures 5-15 mm. The use of regression models including power Doppler results to estimate the risk of endometrial cancer deserves further development.     

附件区病变经阴道超声造影与彩色多普勒超声检查的对比研究

目的探讨经阴道超声造影对附件区病变的诊断价值。方法64例附件区病变患者,应用经阴道彩色多普勒超声和经阴道超声造影对比检查,比较二者的血流分布情况及诊断附件区良恶性病灶的准确性。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声能显示26例（66．7％）附件区良性病变及22例（88．0％）恶性病变的血流灌注情况;经阴道超声造影检查可显示良性病变38例（97．4％）,恶性病变24例（96．0％）：经阴道超声造影对附件区病变良恶性诊断的准确性为（92．2％）,明显高于经阴道彩色多普勒超声（81．3％）,P〈0．05。结论超声造影检查能更敏感地显示卵巢病变的血流灌注情况,其对附件区良恶性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要的意义。     

Accuracy of ultrasound subjective 'pattern recognition' for the diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of pattern recognition for the preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). METHODS: This was a prospective study of women who were referred to our regional cancer center with the diagnosis of an adnexal mass on a Level II (routine) gynecological ultrasound scan. Women with lesions of uncertain nature were referred for a Level III (expert) ultrasound scan in our tertiary center. The tumor pattern recognition method was used to differentiate between various types of ovarian tumors. Morphological features suggestive of BOTs were: unilocular cyst with a positive ovarian crescent sign and extensive papillary projections arising from the inner wall, or a cyst with a well defined multilocular nodule. The ultrasound findings were compared with the final histological diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 224 women with an adnexal mass of uncertain nature were referred for an expert scan, 166 (74.1%) of whom underwent surgery. In this group of women the final histological diagnoses were: 99 (60%) benign lesions, 32 (19%) invasive ovarian cancer and 35 (21%) BOTs. Using pattern recognition combining the different morphological features, a correct preoperative diagnosis of BOT was made in 24/35 (68.6%) women: area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.812 (standard error 0.049; 95% CI, 0.716-0.908), sensitivity 0.69 (95% CI, 0.52-0.81), specificity 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-0.97), positive likelihood ratio 11.3 (95% CI, 5.53-22.8) and negative likelihood ratio 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21-0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound diagnosis of BOTs is highly specific. However, typical features are absent in one-third of cases, which are typically misdiagnosed as benign lesions.     

Detection of central pelvic recurrent disease with transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in women treated for gynecological malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate color Doppler characteristics of small recurrent tumors detected within the central pelvis in follow-up patients treated for gynecological malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 340 patients who were being monitored following treatment for gynecological malignancies. A selected group of 27 patients, with small pelvic masses located in the central region of the pelvis, underwent a color Doppler examination. A subjective assessment of the vascularization (vascular score), the lowest resistance index (RI), the highest peak velocity (PSV) and the highest time averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) of the vessels detected within the lesion were analyzed. RESULTS: In 16 patients the pelvic mass was found to be benign while in 11 patients a malignant recurrence was diagnosed. Gray-scale examination could not differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. The color score of tumor recurrences was significantly higher in comparison to that in benign lesions (color score 3 in 54% vs. 0%, P < 0.005). The malignant lesions showed significantly lower mean values of RI and significantly higher mean values of PSV and TAMXV when compared with benign lesions (0.39 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.22, P < 0.0001; 19.3 +/- 4.7 vs. 10.5 +/- 5.6 cm/s, P < 0.0001; 8.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 4.3 +/- 2.7 cm/s, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler analysis added to transvaginal gray-scale ultrasonography seems to be a helpful tool in the diagnosis of recurrent tumors in the central region of the pelvis.     

1975-2000: a quarter century of ultrasound technology.

The most popular forms of ultrasonic diagnostic technology experienced a major transition around 1975 with the introduction of real-time B-mode imaging and the combination of real-time imaging with pulsed Doppler in the Ultrasonic Duplex Scanner. At about the same time, the superposition of Doppler data as color on the gray-scale B-mode image was conceived and demonstrated. Since that time, the instruments have been commercialized and distributed broadly. Except for advancements in scanhead design, the introduction of dynamic focussing on echo receive, and conversion of the instruments from analog to digital processing, little has changed in ultrasound instruments; their size, price, features, and portability have been constant. A fully trained examiner using the most modern instrument made in 1978 can easily adapt the same examination methods to instruments made in 1990. The major change in ultrasound technology has been the increased application of ultrasound examination, specifically Doppler examinations to new organ systems. These trends will change in this final decade of the century. The comments here are from a perspective of noninvasive vascular diagnosis. Each of the advancements in ultrasound technology have resulted from the combined efforts and cooperation of many people. I will not attempt to credit those people here.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的价值.方法 回顾性分析27例经手术和病理证实的卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转患者的超声资料,并根据血管蒂的彩色多普勒表现将其分为3型.随访27例患者的手术及病理结果,与超声表现进行对比分析.结果 本组23例患者于卵巢肿瘤旁可探及扭转血管蒂,呈"双肿块征".其彩色多普勒表现为Ⅰ型4例、Ⅱ型5例...     

Early ovarian cancer: 3-D power Doppler

Transvaginal sonography plays an important role in the assessment of the morphology of ovarian lesions. However, the accuracy of the technique is limited due to the significant number of false-positive results. Color Doppler imaging and pulsed Doppler spectral analysis enable evaluation of ovarian tumor blood flow, analysis of the distribution of blood vessels, and quantitative measurement of blood flow velocity waveforms. These parameters increase the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound evaluation of ovarian tumors. Unfortunately, there is no consensus as to which Doppler parameters and cutoff values are the most predictive of malignancy. Three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound provides a new tool to evaluate features of tumor vascularity. Three-dimensional ultrasound and 3-D power Doppler imaging in patients with “positive” findings on standard ultrasound tests, which encompass annual gray-scale transvaginal sonography followed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in selected cases, represent a novel approach for early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer through screening. Combined evaluations of morphology and neovascularity by 3-D power Doppler ultrasound may improve early detection of ovarian carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced 3-D power Doppler sonography facilitates visualization of adnexal tumor vessels, which may aid in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal lesions.     

血管球瘤的彩色多普勒超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对肢体血管球瘤的诊断价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声对16例肢体血管球瘤进行诊断及术前定位,与术后病理特点进行对比。结果肢体血管球瘤的超声图像特征:①肿块均位于指骨周围,呈低回声或中等回声。②肿块与周围组织分界清晰,形态规则,主要呈类圆形或椭圆形。③肿块内血流信号多丰富。结论彩色多普勒超声可以作为血管球瘤的首选检查手段之一。