内界膜剥除联合硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的 观察玻璃体切割联合视网膜前膜剥除(ERMP)和(或)内界膜剥除(ILMP)及硅油填充治疗伴有后巩膜葡萄肿的高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离(MHRD)的疗效.方法 高度近视MHRD患者85例85只眼纳入研究.所有患者均采用国际标准视力表行矫正视力检查以及裂隙灯显微镜加前置镜、间接检眼镜、A/B型超声、光相干断层扫描(OCT)、眼压检查.患者平均眼轴长度(29.1±1.8) mm.后极部脉络膜弥漫性萎缩24只眼;部分性萎缩61只眼.将小数视力换算成最小分辨角对数(logMAR)视力进行统计学处理.平均logMAR矫正视力为1.93±0.37.均行玻璃体切割曲安奈德(TA)或吲哚青绿(ICG)辅助的ILMP和(或)ERMP以及硅油填充手术.85只眼均联合TA辅助行ERMP.其中,单纯TA辅助行ERMP 21只眼;ICG辅助行ILMP 56只眼;TA辅助行ILMP 8只眼.平均硅油填充时间(6.2±1.6)个月.观察患眼手术后矫正视力、视网膜复位、黄斑裂孔闭合情况以及手术后并发症.手术前后视力行t检验;对影响手术后视力的相关因素行相关性分析;视网膜脱离复发行logistic多元回归分析,黄斑区视网膜劈裂对裂孔闭合的影响行x2检验.结果 患眼手术后平均logMAR矫正视力为1.34±0.48.与手术前平均logMAR矫正视力比较,差异有统计学意义(t=39.38,P＜0.01).手术后矫正视力与患眼眼轴长度(r=0.142)、后极部脉络膜萎缩程度(t=0.23、-0.165)、黄斑裂孔是否闭合(t=0.12、-0.005)均无相关性(P＞0.05).首次手术后视网膜复位79只眼,占92.9％.视网膜脱离复发6只眼,占7.1％.Logistic多元回归分析结果显示,视网膜脱离复发与患眼手术前脉络膜是否脱离、增生型玻璃体视网膜病变程度、眼轴长度、后极部脉络膜萎缩程度以及是否行ILMP均无相关性(比值比=1.428、5.039、0.815、2.578、0.432,P＞0.05).85只眼中,黄斑裂孔闭合10只眼,占11.8％;黄斑裂孔未闭合75只眼,占88.2％.手术后2周,出现高眼压24只眼,占28.2％,给予降低眼压药物治疗后眼压控制.硅油取出手术前出现高眼压12只眼,占14.1％,硅油取出手术后眼压均得到控制.结论 玻璃体切割联合ERMP和(或)ILMP及硅油填充可在伴有后巩膜葡萄肿的MHRD患者中获得较高的首次手术复位率.     

无眼内气体或硅油填充的玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变并发牵拉性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

牵拉性视网膜脱离(TRD)常见于增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR),是PDR的严重并发症之一[1].玻璃体视网膜手术可松解玻璃体及增生膜对视网膜的牵引,使视网膜复位[2,3].对于无视网膜裂孔的TRD患者,手术后眼内填充硅油、气体可提高手术成功率,但同时也大大增加了并发症的发生[4-8].因此,针对无视网膜裂孔的TRD是否必须使用硅油和惰性气体等眼内填充物仍值得进一步观察和探索.为此,我们对一组未合并手术前或手术中医源性视网膜裂孔的PDR并发TRD患者进行了玻璃体视网膜手术治疗,手术后仅保留手术中灌注液而未行眼内填充,以观察不用硅油或气体填充的玻璃体视网膜手术的疗效.现将结果报道如下.     

玻璃体手术治疗高度近视眼黄斑裂孔引起的原发性视网膜脱离

目的 报告一组高度近视眼由黄斑裂孔引起的原发性视网膜脱离经玻璃体手术治疗的结果。 方法 回顾性分析自1996年3月至2004年3月连续进行的一组病例，纳入标准为原有屈光不正≥－6.00 D，或眼轴≥26 mm，未发现周边视网膜裂孔，且经玻璃体手术治疗、由黄斑裂孔引起的原发性视网膜脱离。 结果 本组患者83例， 其中女63例，男20例，85只眼，平均年龄54.1岁。手术前视力光感~数指49只眼，0.01~0.1者33只眼，0.12~0.2者3只眼。视网膜脱离范围仅限于黄斑部15只眼，1~2个象限11只眼，3 ~4个象限59只眼。手术中同时做晶状体切除或超声粉碎62只眼（72.9%），黄斑前膜切除37只眼，注入C3F829只眼（34.1%），注入硅油56只眼（65.9%）。手术后视网膜复位77只 眼（90.6%），未复位8只眼。手术后视力改善47只眼（55.3%），不变25只眼（29.4%），下降13只眼（15.3%）。 结论 由于黄斑裂孔引起的原发性视网膜脱离多发生在年龄较大、女性高度近视眼，玻璃体手术具有同时进行玻璃体后皮质和黄斑前膜切除、晶状体摘除和眼内填充的优势，手术后大多数眼能改善或保持视力。 （中华眼底病杂志， 2006，22：287-290）     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂及其并发症的疗效观察

目的 观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂(XLRS)及其并发视网膜脱离和(或)玻璃体积血的疗效.方法 回顾分析接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的XLRS并发视网膜脱离和(或)玻璃体积血患者21例27只眼的临床资料.所有患眼眼底及光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑微囊样劈裂病变合并周边部视网膜劈裂.平均视力0.11±0.09,黄斑劈裂平均面积为(1.09±0.56) mm2.12只眼并发孔源性视网膜脱离,5只眼并发牵拉性视网膜脱离,6只眼并发玻璃体积血,4只眼同时合并视网膜脱离和玻璃体积血.均行经扁平部三通道闭合式玻璃体切割手术.根据情况行内界膜剥离,眼内激光光凝,C3 F8或硅油填充.手术后随访9～122个月,平均随访时间51个月.观察视力以及视网膜解剖结构改善情况.结果 末次随访视力提高者20只眼,占74.1％;维持不变者7只眼,占25.9％.平均视力提高至0.26±0.15.与治疗前平均视力比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=-6.320,P=0.000).27只眼视网膜解剖结构复位良好,视网膜平伏.OCT检查显示,黄斑劈裂平均面积(0.29±0.21) mm2,较治疗前黄斑劈裂平均面积显著缩小(t=10.358,P=0.000);黄斑微囊样病变得到明显的改善.随访期间4只眼出现并发症,占14.8％.其中,2只眼分别在手术后6、8个月并发增生性玻璃体视网膜病变伴牵拉性视网膜脱离;1只眼在手术后4个月出现并发性白内障;1只眼在手术后15个月因新发视网膜裂孔而发生玻璃体积血.给予再次手术治疗后,4只眼视网膜复位良好.结论 玻璃体视网膜手术能有效提高XLRS患者视力,恢复视网膜解剖结构,获得良好的治疗效果.     

铁锈症眼玻璃体视网膜手术疗效分析

目的观察铁锈症眼玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的疗效。方法回顾分析玻璃体视网膜手术治疗眼后段磁性异物诱发眼铁锈症22例22只眼的临床资料。男性21例,女性1例;年龄6～54岁,平均年龄40岁。异物存留于眼内1个月～20年。手术前最佳矫正视力（BCVA）＜0.01者15只眼,0.01～0.15者5只眼,0.1～0.2者2只眼。玻璃体腔异物18只眼,眼球壁异物4只眼。并发白内障18只眼。合并视网膜脱离3只眼。12只眼联合环扎、硅油填充,7只眼联合环扎、C3F8填充。18只眼联合白内障摘除术。2只眼联合小梁切除术。结果 22只眼内异物均手术一次成功摘除。手术后视力增加20只眼,占90.9%,不变2只眼,占9.1%。BCVA＜0.1者7只眼,0.1～0.4者8只眼,0.5～1.0者7只眼。手术中并发症,视网膜裂孔并发局限性视网膜脱离2只眼;扩大巩膜切口,玻璃体腔积血2只眼。手术后并发症,并发白内障4只眼;黄斑下异物取出手术后3个月,硅油取出时再次发生视网膜脱离1只眼,再次硅油填充视网膜复位;C3F8填充后7 d继发视网膜脱离1只眼,再次硅油填充,手术后视网膜复位。随访结束时22只眼视网膜均在位。结论铁锈症眼玻璃体视网膜手术治疗安全、有效,可避免铁离子进一步释放,改善患者视功能。     

极高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离手术后C3F8与硅油填充的疗效比较

目的 比较极高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离(MHRD)手术后C3F8与硅油填充的疗效.方法 眼轴长度≥29 mm,视网膜色素上皮(RPE)及脉络膜明显萎缩及存在明显巩膜后葡萄肿的极高度近视MHRD住院患者32例32只眼纳入研究.采用随机数字表法将患眼随机分为C3F8组、硅油组,分别为15、17只眼.所有患者均行玻璃体切割手术,手术完毕时C3F8组患眼眼内填充C3F8,硅油组患眼眼内填充硅油.手术后发生视网膜再脱离者行再次手术.C3F8组、硅油组患者性别(P=1.000)、年龄(t=0.444,P=0.660)、最佳矫正视力(t=0.084,P=0.934)、屈光度(t=0.449,P=0.978)、晶状体状态(P=1.000)、症状出现时间(t=0.375,P=0.710)及视网膜脱离程度(x2=0.014,P=0.907)比较,差异均无统计学意义.手术后1周及1、3、6、12个月,观察患者视网膜复位、黄斑裂孔闭合及并发症的发生情况.对比分析两组患者视网膜复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率及视力情况.结果 第1次手术后,C3F8组、硅油组视网膜复位率分别为60.00％、82.35％,黄斑裂孔闭合率分别为13.33％、29.41％.两组第1次手术后视网膜复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.243、0.402).第2次手术后,C3F8组、硅油组视网膜复位率分别为86.67％、94.12％,黄斑裂孔闭合率分别为20.00％、29.41％.两组第2次手术后视网膜复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.589、0.691).手术后12个月,C3F8组视力提高5只眼,视力不变7只眼,视力下降3只眼;硅油组视力提高7只眼,视力不变8只眼,视力下降2只眼.两组视力情况比较,差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.209,P=0.647).结论 极高度近视MHRD患眼手术后硅油填充较C3F8填充视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率高,但差异无统计学意义.     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并牵拉性视网膜脱离视力预后影响因素

目的　观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并牵拉性视网膜脱离（DTRD）患者视力预后的影响因素。方法　回顾分析接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的86例DTRD患者102只眼的临床资料。所有患者均在散瞳后经间接检眼镜及B型超声检查确诊。手术后随访12~56个月,平均随访23个月。随访观察手术前、后视力及手术后视网膜解剖复位情况。采用t检验、χ2检验、多因素Logistic回归分析等统计学方法,分析视力提高组及未提高组间疾病自然因素及手术后并发症与视力预后的关系。结果　87只眼视网膜首次解剖复位成功,占85.29%;15只眼视网膜首次未完全解剖复位,占14.71%。49只眼手术后视力提高且最佳矫正视力（BCVA）大于0.05,占48.04%;53只眼手术后视力降低或BCVA较手术前有所提高但仍低于0.05,占51.96%。两组间疾病自然因素比较,是否一期行白内障手术及是否合并视神经萎缩差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.266,9.274;P=0.022,0.002)。两组手术后并发症比较,视网膜脱离(RD)复发差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.059,P=0.000)。Logistic回归分析显示RD复发、视神经萎缩是影响DTRD患者玻璃体视网膜手术后视力的独立危险因素(OR=33.518,4.079;P=0.003,0.041);手术前完成全视网膜激光光凝是手术后视力的保护性因素(OR=0.270,P=0.034)。结论　RD复发、视神经萎缩是影响DTRD患者玻璃体视网膜手术后视力预后的独立危险因素。      

亮蓝辅助视网膜内界膜剥离治疗病理性近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效评估

目的 评估亮蓝(BBG)辅助视网膜内界膜(ILM)剥离治疗病理性近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的安全性和有效性.方法 前瞻性非对照研究.27例病理性近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离患者27只眼纳入研究.常规行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜+90 D前置镜眼底检查,A和(或)B型超声、光相干断层扫描(OCT)及视野检查.所有患者行玻璃体切割手术(PPV),手术中采用BBG辅助ILM剥离,手术后采用C3F8气体填充.观察患者有无视网膜或角膜水肿、前房炎症反应、眼压增高等BBG毒性反应.手术后1、7 d,1、3、6个月进行随访,采用手术前相同的仪器设备行相关检查,对比分析手术前后BCVA、眼压、眼底表现、视野变化、黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜复位等情况.结果 BBG辅助下,所有患者均完整地剥离ILM.无手术后角膜水肿、前房反应、眼压升高、视野缺损等不良反应发生.手术后1个月,27只眼中26只眼黄斑裂孔闭合、视网膜完全复位,占96.3%;1只眼黄斑裂孔未闭合、视网膜再脱离,占3.7%.手术后6个月,27只眼中25只眼视力提高,占92.6%;2只眼视力不变,占7.4%.手术前后BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.08,P＜0.05).结论 BBG可充分染色ILM,且无不良反应发生;其辅助ILM剥离治疗病理性近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离安全有效.     

硅油取出手术后视网膜再脱离的发生原因和影响因素

目的 探讨复杂视网膜脱离眼硅油取出手术后视网膜再脱离(RRD)的影响因素及发生原因.方法 回顾性研究.选择行玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术的连续患者455例458只眼纳入研究.对所有患者行玻璃体切割手术,手术中根据眼内情况酌情行重水、剥膜、视网膜切开或部分切割、眼内激光光凝或冷冻、气液交换或直接油液交换等操作.对伴多发裂孔、陈旧性视网膜脱离、增生及牵拉病变较严重者行环扎手术98只眼.手术完毕时玻璃体腔内填充硅油.硅油取出手术中眼底检查发现有需处理的视网膜前膜者,行切断、剥膜或切除及360°预防性激光光凝治疗等操作,手术中发现裂孔或可疑裂孔者行眼内激光光凝或冷冻治疗.硅油取出手术后1周内及随诊期间均采用与手术前相同的设备和方法行视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、检眼镜等检查.依据硅油取出手术后有无RRD将患眼分为复位组、再脱离组,分别为419、39只眼.对患者年龄、眼轴长度、玻璃体切割手术前最小分辨角对数(LogMAR)最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼压、硅油取出手术前LogMAR BCVA和眼压、视网膜裂孔数目、硅油填充时间、随访时间、硅油取出手术后眼压和视力以及玻璃体切割手术和硅油取出手术中相关因素进行记录.统计年龄、性别、高度近视、巨大裂孔、下方裂孔、黄斑裂孔、无晶状体眼、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR) C3级及以上、既往视网膜脱离手术失败史、360°预防性激光光凝、联合环扎、角膜穿刺取硅油与硅油取出手术后发生RRD的关系.计算年龄＜40岁、性别等因素的比值比(OR)及其95％可信区间(CI).将高度近视眼、联合巩膜环扎及经角膜穿刺硅油取出纳入多元回归方程.结果 硅油取出手术后患眼平均LogMAR BCVA为0.86±0.63,复位组、再脱离组平均LogMAR BCVA分别为0.82±0.59、0.99±0.70,两组平均LogMAR BCVA比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.559,P＞0.05).复位组和再脱离组高度近视眼分别为116、22只眼,分别占为27.7％、56.4％,差异有统计学意义(x2=13.984,P＜0.01).玻璃体切割手术中联合环扎手术患者中发生RRD 3只眼,占3.1％,未行环扎手术患者发生RRD 36只眼,占10.0％,两者RRD发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.761,P＜0.05).手术后RRD的发生率与手术前PVR程度、既往视网膜脱离手术失败史、无晶状体眼以及预防性视网膜激光光凝等因素均无关性(1.626、1.699、1.986、0.709,95％CI:0.836～3.162、0.832～3.658、0.921～4.279、0.268～1.875,P＞0.05).与高度近视、联合环扎有相关性(OR=3.380、0.284,95％CI:1.733～6.595、0.086～0.944,P＜0.05).通过角膜穿刺取硅油的风险无统计学意义(OR=2.119,95％CI:1.043～4.306,P＞0.05).硅油取出手术后RRD的发生率为8.5％,其中35.9％源于新裂孔的形成,5.1％源于PVR,69.2％与新裂孔相关,51.3％与PVR相关.结论 高度近视眼是硅油取出手术后发生RRD的独立危险因素;联合巩膜环扎手术是硅油取出手术后发生RRD的保护性因素.对于行玻璃体切割及硅油填充手术后视网膜稳定复位眼而言,硅油取出手术后发生RRD的主要原因是新裂孔的形成.PVR可能是RRD后的继发改变.     

硅油下玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复发性视网膜脱离△

目的研究硅油下玻璃体视网膜手术治疗硅油填充眼复发性视网膜脱离的方法和效果。方法对32例(32眼)硅油填充眼复发性视网膜脱离的原因、手术方式、解剖复位和视功能恢复结果进行分析。结果视网膜脱离复发的原因由PVR引起者21眼,周边未封闭裂孔所致3眼,巨大裂孔后瓣滑脱5眼,黄斑裂孔未贴伏3眼,手术后均获得解剖复位,视力达0.05以上者共15眼,随访0.5a5眼复发。结论保留硅油的玻璃体视网膜手术操作简单、安全,取得较好的解剖复位和视功能恢复。     

光学相干断层扫描引导下黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离硅油取出术的疗效评估

背景 黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离行硅油取出后视网膜脱离复发率高,如何降低术后复发率是研究的热点.光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查可确认适宜的取油时机,是否有助于提高手术成功率有待进一步临床观察. 目的 OCT观察高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离行硅油取出术前黄斑区视网膜的解剖形态,分析影响硅油成功取出的因素. 方法 收集2005年1月至2008年12月经玻璃体切割术治疗的高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者49例55眼的临床资料,其中联合硅油填充术者40例45眼,术后3～6个月,OCT检查黄斑区形态,行硅油取出术,随访时间均为硅油取出术后1年以上.比较玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术前、硅油取出术前和硅油取出术后1年患眼黄斑区的OCT表现以及最佳矫正视力(BCVA).OCT检查黄斑裂孔愈合标准分为一类愈合及二类愈合.结果 硅油取出前OCT示40眼视网膜成功复位,占88.89％,其中2眼裂孔愈合,裂孔边缘消失,属于一类愈合;38眼裂孔边缘平贴于视网膜色素上皮( RPE)层,但中心凹处神经纤维层存在缺损及RPE层暴露,属于二类愈合.硅油取出术后,二类愈合眼中l眼于术后2年发现视网膜脱离复发;联合硅油填充术者40例45眼术前BCVA为1.93±0.06,硅油取出后1年BCVA为1.16±0.07,术后视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00). 结论 OCT检查可以作为硅油取出的术前评估.OCT证实黄斑裂孔闭合或黄斑裂孔的贴附眼可行硅油取出术;OCT检查示黄斑裂孔未闭合的贴附眼行硅油取出后预后较差,是视网膜再脱离的危险因素之一,需长期进行随访.     

1型与2型糖尿病患者增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体手术疗效比较

目的 观察1、2型糖尿病(DM)对玻璃体视网膜手术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)疗效的影响。 方法 回顾分析1999年6月至2003年10月期间451例因PDR接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的DM患者的临床资料，其中1型71例,2型380例。手术后至少随访14个月，平均随访时间29个月。通过两组患者视力、虹膜新生血管(INV)发生与消退、新生血管性青光眼(NVG)发生与消退、视网膜在位率和复位率等观察指标的比较，观察DM不同分型对PDR患者玻璃体视网膜手术治疗效果的影响。 结果 手术前1型DM患者中Ⅵ期PDR、视力在0.1以下眼、INV、NVG等严重PDR眼病变的比例均高于2型DM患者。手术治疗后视力提高者的比例，1型DM患者中占64.8%，2型DM患者中占72.4%(P=0.196)；1型DM患者PDR合并虹膜红变眼75.0%手术后虹膜红变消退,而2型患者中这一比例为60.0%(P=0.678)；手术后新增虹膜红变眼的比例,1型DM患者为6.3%,2型DM患者为5.6%(P=0.822）。无论是1型还是2型DM患者NVG眼压都得到有效控制,仅1例1型DM患者的INV未消退；手术前存在视网膜脱离的 PDRVI期患者中，一次手术后视网膜复位率1型DM患者为87.2%,2型DM患者为89.8%(P=0.611)。一次手术后视网膜保持在位率，1型DM患者为90.1%，2型DM患者为93.4%(P=0.323)。 结论 PDR患者的DM分型对玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的效果没有明显影响。(中华眼底病杂志,2007,23:248-251)     

玻璃体切割手术治疗Eales病严重并发症的随访观察

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术(PPV)治疗Eales病严重并发症的效果.方法 回顾性分析接受首次PPV治疗的Eales病患者27例30只眼的临床资料.患者中,男性20例,女性7例;年龄15～54岁,平均年龄30.7岁.最佳矫正视力(BCVA)为眼前手动～0.5.根据检查结果将患者分为玻璃体积血组、玻璃体增生机化组、局部视网膜脱离组和广泛视网膜脱离组,分别为3、14、7、6只眼.手术方式为标准PPV,必要时联合巩膜扣带手术、晶状体切除手术、眼内激光光凝、巩膜外冷冻、电凝、增牛膜剥离切断、视网膜切开或切除、气液交换、玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德、膨胀性气体及硅油填充.30只眼分别接受1～8次手术,平均手术次数2.4次.手术后随访观察6个月～10年.对比观察治疗前后BCVA、视网膜复位以及并发症发生情况.结果 末次随访时,BCVA光感～1.5.其中,BCVA≥0.1者24只眼,占80.0%;0.03者1只眼,占3.3%;数指者1只眼,占3.3%;手动者3只眼,占10.0%;光感者1只眼,占3.3%.BCVA提高者22只眼,占73.3%;不变者2只眼,占6.7%;下降者6只眼,占20.0%.手术前后BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.132,P＜0.01).广泛视网膜脱离组BCVA较其他3组低,差异均有统计学意义(F=4.570,P均＜0.05);单纯玻璃体积血组视力预后较好,但与玻璃体机化增生组和视网膜局部脱离组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患眼PPV手术后第1天视网膜完全复位.末次随访时,无硅油填充视网膜在位24只眼;患者拒绝手术,局部视网膜脱离1只眼;硅油依赖眼5只眼.出现并发症16只眼,占53.3%.结论 玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗Eales病严重并发症的有效手段,手术前存在广泛视网膜脱离的患眼手术后视力预后较差.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy on the serious complications of Eales disease. Methods The clinical data of 30 eyes of 27 patients (20 males and 7 females) with Eales disease who underwent vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The age was ranged from 15 to 54 years old, with a mean of 30.7 years. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ranged from hand movement to 0.5. The patients were divided into the vitreous hemorrhage group (3 eyes ), proliferative vitreoretinopathy group (14 eyes), local retinal detachment group (7 eyes), and wide retinal detachment group (6 eyes) according to the results of examinations. The standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were performed and scleral buckling, lensectomy, endolaser, transscleral cryotherapy/cautery, membrane removal, retinotomy, fluid-air exchange, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone, gas/oil tamponade can be combined if necessary. Those eyes underwent 1 to 8 times (with a mean of 2.4 times) of surgery. The follow-up was ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The BCVA, retinal reattachment, complications before and after surgery was comparatively analyzed. Results At the end of the follow-up, the BCVA was ranged from light perception to 1.5. The BCVA was ＞0.1 in 24 eyes (80.0%) ,0.03 in 1 eye (3.3%), counting finger in 1 eye (3.3%), hand moving in 3 eyes (10.0%) and light perception in 1 eye (3.3%). The BCVA improved in 22 eyes (73.3%), stable in 2 eyes (6.7%) and decreased in 6 eyes (20.0%). The differences are statistically significant between pre- and postoperative BCVA (t=5.132, P＜0.01). The BCVA of wide retinal detachment group was less than other 3 groups (F=4.570, P＜0.05); while the BCVA of vitreous hemorrhage group, proliferative vitreoretinopathy group and local retinal detachment group was the same (P＞0.05). Complete retinal reattachment was achieved in all eyes at the next day after PPV. At the end of the follow-up, retina reattached in 24 eyes without silicone oil tamponade, local retinal detachment occurred in 1 eye (the patient refused further surgery) and silicone oil tamponade-dependant retinal reattachment 5eyes. During the follow-up, 16 eyes (53.3 %) had developed some complications. Conclusions Vitrectomy is an effective way to cure serious complications of Eales disease. The BACV prognosis of patients with wide retinal detachment is poor.     

Regression of diabetic rubeosis iridis following successful surgical reattachment of the retina by vitrectomy

The relationship between successful surgical reattachment of the retina following diabetic vitrectomy and regression of preoperative rubeosis iridis was investigated. Seventy-nine (9.2%) of 850 diabetic cases undergoing vitrectomy had both preoperative iris rubeosis and retinal detachment. The iris could be adequately evaluated and the retina could be visualized after surgery in 36 cases. Regression of the rubeosis iridis occurred after surgery in 16 (76%) of 21 eyes in which the retina was reattached successfully. Only four (27%) of 15 eyes had regression of rubeosis iridis when the retina was not reattached completely. Retention of the lens also correlated with regression of rubeosis iridis. Regression occurred in 10 (55%) of 18 cases in which the lens was not removed, 13 (28.2%) of 46 eyes in which lensectomy was combined with vitrectomy, and none of eight previously aphakic eyes. Although the combination of preoperative retinal detachment and rubeosis iridis is associated with a worsened prognosis, successful reattachment of the retina and retention of the lens favorably influence later regression of preoperative rubeosis iridis.     

Different outcome among eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy indicated for vitrectomy

PURPOSE: The postoperative outcome was evaluated in each group of surgical indications of vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), to investigate the factors responsible for postoperative visual prognosis. METHODS: Primary vitrectomy was performed in 119 eyes of 92 patients with PDR. Average postoperative follow-up period was 19 months. The indications for vitrectomy included vitrous hemorrhage in 58 eyes, macular tractional retinal detachment in 17 eyes, extramacular tractional retinal detachment in 10 eyes, macular heterotopia in 11 eyes, and progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus in 23 eyes. RESULTS: The visual acuity finally improved by 2 lines or more in 91 eyes (77%), remained unchanged in 10 eyes (8 %), and decreased by 2 lines or more in 18 eyes (15%). Final postoperative visual acuity was significantly better in cases of vitreous hemorrhage or progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus than in others. Preoperative rubeosis iridis and macular tractional retinal detachment were probably responsible for the final visual impairment, and intraocular tamponade affected the difference in visual prognosis between the groups of surgical indication. Multivariate analysis in all cases revealed that factors influencing visual outcome were preoperative rubeosis iridis and anemia. CONCLUSION: Rubeosis iridis and macular tractional retinal detachment were prognostic factors of the surgery. Vitrectomy for PDR may be effective in improving postoperative visual acuity if performed in the early stage of progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus after sufficient retinal photocoagulation.     

急性视网膜坏死综合征硅油填充术后硅油取出时机选择

目的观察急性视网膜坏死综合征(ARN)行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术后硅油充填期间及硅油取出术后并发症,进而探讨硅油取出的适宜时机。方法对连续就诊的伴有视网膜脱离的48例(48只眼)ARN患者实施玻璃体切除视网膜复位联合硅油填充术,对于确认视网膜已经复位,没有活动性的增生病变及视网膜裂孔,并在视网膜变性区域补充激光光凝的所有患者经不同时长的硅油填充期后实施硅油取出术,回顾分析其硅油填充期间及硅油取出术后并发症如视网膜脱离、并发性白内障、继发性青光眼、角膜变性等的发生情况。结果硅油填充术后视力总体上较术前有明显提高;硅油填充时间为3~15个月,平均5.8个月。取出硅油之后,总体视力无明显改变;8例于取硅油术后随访期内发生视网膜再脱离;1例角膜变性的病例,在硅油取出之后无明显改变;5例并发性白内障取油时实施超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术;6例发生脉络膜脱离经药物治疗后痊愈;24例在硅油取出之后晶状体混浊程度较硅油取出术前无明显改变;3例无晶状体眼患者取油术后裸眼视力下降,但最佳矫正视力同硅油取出术前。结论硅油填充及硅油取出术的并发症主要为视网膜再脱离、脉络膜脱离、并发性白内障、继发性青光眼、硅油乳化、角膜变性、低眼压等。对于ARN而言,硅油填充时限4~6月时取油术后视网膜再脱离的发生率较低,取油较为适宜。     

前后段联合手术及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离临床疗效.方法 回顾分析前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离患者48例48只眼的临床资料.患者均有高度近视史,视网膜脱离以后极部为主.裂隙灯前置镜和(或)光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑裂孔.均行白内障超声乳化或抽吸联合玻璃体切割硅油充填,41例行内界膜(ILM)剥离,23例植入人工晶状体(10L).硅油取出的时间距第一次手术时间为3.5～48.0个月.取硅油前均行OCT检查.取硅油后随访观察均1年以上.结果 除5例外,其他患者手术后1周,前置镜检查均不能看到黄斑孔边缘;视力均有不同程度的提高.48例患者全部已取硅油.取硅油前OCT检查,黄斑孔愈合呈U型8例,V型为6例,W型为23例;未闭合11例.未闭合的11例经取硅油与膨胀气体充填后全部复位,其中,U型2例,W型9例.32例W型愈合者中2例患者在取油后13、38个月后出现视网膜脱离复发.最终黄斑裂孔U型和V型愈合者16例,占33.3%;W型愈合者32例,占66.7%.视网膜复位率为100.0%.结论前后段联合手术及硅油充填是治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的有效方法 ;OCT检查是确定黄斑孔是否封闭的客观标准.     

Visual loss after use of intraocular silicone oil associated with thinning of inner retinal layers

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and cause of severe visual loss following use and removal of intraocular silicone oil (SiO) after uncomplicated vitrectomy and SiO injection for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Consecutive case series of 216 patients operated with vitrectomy for primary RRD in 2004–2005. In 162 eyes, SiO (5500 centiStoke) had been used as intravitreal tamponade and in 54 eyes gas (perflouropropane, C₃F₈) had been used. Following chart review, we identified 16 eyes in 16 patients (nine SiO eyes, seven gas eyes) with macula‐on and documented visual acuity ≥6/12 before surgery, where SiO had been removed, cataract surgery performed and no re‐detachment had occurred. Examinations included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and high‐definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macular area. Results: Preoperative characteristics were identical between SiO and gas eyes. Postoperative BCVA was significantly worse in SiO eyes (>6/24) compared to gas eyes (>6/7.5), p = 0.005. Three of 9 (33%) SiO eyes had final BCVA ≤6/60 and 67% had final BCVA ≤6/12. No gas eyes had final BCVA <6/9. Macular OCT revealed thinning of inner retinal layers in SiO‐operated eyes (5148 pixels) compared to gas‐operated eyes (6897 pixels), p < 0.002. No other visually significant structural differences were found. Conclusion: Severe visual loss after SiO use was observed in 1/3 of patients with otherwise good visual potential. The visual loss was associated with a significant reduction in inner retinal thickness indicating neuronal cell loss in the macular area as a possible explanation.     

Long-term outcomes of heavy silicone oil tamponade for complicated retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term success rates and complications of heavy silicone oil tamponade (Oxane HD) in the management of complicated retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with complicated retinal detachment and PVR were included in this study. Vitreoretinal surgery with heavy silicone oil (Oxane HD) tamponade was performed in all patients. Heavy silicone oil was injected by perfluorocarbon liquid-air-silicone oil exchange, and was removed after 3 months. The main outcomes of the surgery including the success and complication rates were evaluated during the mean follow-up period of 11.4+/-0.88 months. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistical analysis of visual acuity changes. The outcomes of our study were compared with those of the previous studies. RESULTS: All eyes had complicated retinal detachment with PVR Grade C3 or worse. Retinal detachment was rhegmatogenous in 6 eyes, secondary to previous detachment surgery in 11 eyes, secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 3 eyes, and secondary to perforating eye injury in 1 eye. The overall anatomic success rate was 80.9% at the end of the follow-up period. The overall visual success rate was 42.8%, with no statistically significant difference from baseline (p>0.05). Postoperative complications included severe reproliferation (4 eyes), intraocular pressure rise (3 eyes), anterior dislocation of silicone oil (2 eyes), posterior subcapsular cataract formation (4 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (1 eye), rubeosis iridis (3 eyes), optic atrophy (1 eye), and ocular pain and photophobia (21 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, vitreoretinal surgery with temporary heavy silicone oil tamponade appears to increase the anatomic success rates with minimal complication rate in cases with complicated retinal detachment and PVR.