加味生脉饮含药血清对乳腺癌相关血管内皮细胞生物学行为的影响

目的探讨加味生脉饮含药血清对乳腺癌相关血管内皮细胞生物学行为的影响。方法将人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)分为空白对照(Control)组、乳腺癌MCF-7细胞条件培养基(BC_CM)组、乳腺癌MCF-7细胞条件培养基+加味生脉饮含药血清(BC_CM+mSL_S)组、加味生脉饮含药血清(mSL_S)组,对4组细胞进行不同条件的细胞培养48h。通过CCK-8试验检测各组的细胞增殖活性;通过免疫荧光检测活化Caspase-3(cCasp3)以评价各组细胞凋亡状态;通过Transwell试验检测各组细胞迁移活性;通过Western Blotting检测磷酸化ERK1/2和磷酸化AKT水平。结果暴露于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞条件培养基后HUVECs增殖速率明显增高,迁移活性显著增强,细胞存活增殖迁移相关信号蛋白磷酸化ERK1/2和磷酸化AKT的表达水平显著上调。进一步以加味生脉饮含药血清处理,可使经乳腺癌细胞条件培养基诱导后血管形成相关生物学行为活跃的内皮细胞增殖水平明显降低,细胞凋亡现象显著加剧,细胞迁移活性受到明显抑制,磷酸化ERK1/2和磷酸化AKT的表达量显著下降。结论加味生脉饮含药血清对乳腺癌相关血管内皮细胞生物学行为的有抑制作用。     

联合抑制PI3K和MEK的活性可协同抑制顺铂耐药卵巢癌细胞的增殖

目的研究磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)特异性抑制剂LY294002联合丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(MEK)特异性抑制剂AZD6244对顺铂耐药卵巢癌细胞株(SKOV3/DDP)增殖的影响。方法 (5、10、20、40、80)μmol/L LY294002、(1、2、4、8、16)μmol/L AZD6244单独及联合作用于SKOV3/DDP细胞,MTT法检测对细胞增殖的影响,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)及合用指数(CI);根据结果确定联合用药的浓度,将实验分为对照组、LY294002组(5μmol/L)、AZD6244组(7μmol/L)及联合组(LY294002 5μmol/L+AZD6244 7μmol/L);作用48 h后,采用MTT法确定细胞生长曲线,计算细胞倍增时间;平板克隆检测集落形成能力;annexinⅤ-PE/7-ADD染色结合流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率,并测定细胞周期;Western blot法检测细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、磷酸化的ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)、AKT、磷酸化的AKT(p-AKT)、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)及激活型caspase-3蛋白的水平。结果 LY294002及AZD6244均可抑制SKOV3/DDP细胞增殖,两药联合作用IC50明显降低,此时CI1,具有协同作用;联合组细胞的生长速度较单独作用组及对照组慢;倍增时间延长;集落形成数减少(P0.01);FCM显示联合组凋亡率增高,阻滞于G1期的细胞增多,S期明显减少(P0.05);Western blot结果显示,AKT、ERK1/2蛋白表达水平在各组间无明显差异(P0.05);LY294002组p-AKT水平降低,p-ERK水平增高;AZD6244组p-ERK水平降低,p-AKT水平增高;联合组p-AKT、p-ERK水平均降低,cyclin D1表达较其余各组低,激活型caspase-3较其余各组高。结论 PI3K抑制剂LY294002联合MEK抑制剂AZD6244通过促进细胞凋亡及阻滞细胞周期进展协同抑制SKOV3/DDP细胞生长。     

APS通过PI3K/AKT信号通路促进神经干细胞增殖

目的观察APS是否通过PI3K/AKT信号通路促进神经干细胞增殖。方法将神经干细胞,随机分为对照组、APS(5%)组、APS(5%)+LY294002组和LY294002组,用间接免疫荧光法检测Nestin和Brdu;CCK-8检测细胞增殖;Elisa检测VEGF、FLK-1含量;Western blot法检测FLK-1、PI3K、P-Akt蛋白表达。结果 APS可以提高LY294002干预后神经干细胞增殖(P0.05),提高VEGF、FLK-1含量(P0.05),提高FLK-1、PI3K、P-Akt蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论 APS可能通过促进Akt磷酸化,活化PI3K/AKT信号通路,调节PI3K/AKT信号通路下游靶基因,促进神经干细胞增殖。     

CXCL1促进乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移及其作用机制的研究

目的体外研究CXCL1对乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制。方法选取人乳腺癌细胞进行分组处理:空白对照组、CXCL1组、anti-CXCR2中和抗体组,用CCK8、克隆形成实验、流式凋亡、细胞划痕及Transwell迁移实验分别对各组细胞增殖活性、凋亡率、迁移侵袭能力进行检测,并用ELISA法对各组细胞内MMP-9蛋白、磷酸化AKT及活化NF-κB水平进行检测。结果 CCK8与克隆形成实验结果显示,与空白对照组相比CXCL1处理组细胞增殖活性提高,细胞克隆形成率增加(P0.05),与空白对照组相比anti-CXCR2处理组细胞增殖活性降低,细胞克隆形成率降低(P0.05);流式凋亡检测结果显示,与空白对照组相比CXCL1处理组细胞凋亡率降低(P0.05),与空白对照组相比anti-CXCR2处理组细胞凋亡率增高(P0.05);细胞划痕、Transwell迁移实验及细胞内MMP-9蛋白表达水平表明,与空白对照组相比CXCL1处理组细胞迁移侵袭能力增强(P0.05),与空白对照组相比anti-CXCR2处理组细胞迁移侵袭能力减弱(P0.05);细胞内p AKT/NF-κB蛋白检测表明,与空白对照组相比CXCL1处理组细胞内AKT磷酸化水平及NF-κB活化水平升高(P0.05),与空白对照组相比anti-CXCR2处理组细胞内AKT磷酸化水平及NF-κB活化水平降低(P0.05)。结论 CXCL1通过与CXCR2结合促进乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移侵袭,其机制可能是激活了AKT/NF-κB信号转导通路。     

PI3K和MAPK信号通路对A549细胞FOXO1蛋白表达及其亚细胞定位的调节

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌中磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/AKT和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶MAPK/ERK信号通路对Forkhead转录因子(Fox蛋白家族)FOXO1活性的影响及分子机制。方法体外培养人非小细胞肺癌系A549,分别选用PI3K/AKT信号通路特异性抑制剂LY294002和MAPK/ERK信号通路特异性抑制剂UO126及两种抑制剂联合处理细胞之后,MTT比色法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;Western blot检测蛋白FOXO1、p-FOXO1及信号下游蛋白Bim表达的变化;免疫荧光法检测FOXO1蛋白在A549细胞中亚细胞的定位的变化。结果与对照组相比,LY294002和UO126都能明显地抑制A549细胞的增殖,且具有时间依赖性。Western blot结果显示,FOXO1的蛋白水平未见显著性变化,而FOXO1的磷酸化水平明显下降,Bim的表达相应增加。免疫荧光结果显示,FOXO1在A549细胞中的核转位增多。LY294002和UO126联合处理A549细胞时,较药物单独作用效果明显增加。结论 PI3K/AKT和MAPK/ERK信号通路能调节FOXO1磷酸化水平,且具有协同作用,抑制其转录活性。FOXO1通过激活Bim蛋白,促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞的增殖。     

ECT2通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路对胰腺癌细胞恶性行为、糖酵解及TH细胞分化的影响

目的 探讨上皮细胞转化序列2(ECT2)通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路对胰腺癌细胞恶性行为、糖酵解及TH细胞分化的影响。方法 RT-qRCR检测人脐静脉内皮细胞系HUVEC及胰腺癌细胞中ECT2 mRNA表达，将胰腺癌Panc-1细胞株分为胰腺癌组（Panc-1细胞株正常培养）、NC组（Panc-1细胞株转染ECT2阴性对照）、ECT2 siRNA组（Panc-1细胞株转染ECT2 siRNA）、抑制剂组（Panc-1细胞株转染加入PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002,ECT2 siRNA+抑制剂组（Panc-1细胞株转染ECT2 siRNA加入PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002），采用RT-qRCR各组细胞中ECT2 mRNA表达；Transwell法检测各组Panc-1细胞侵袭能力；划痕实验检测迁移；流式细胞仪检测各组细胞IFN-γ及IL-4表达；免疫印迹分别检测糖酵解代表蛋白及PI3K/AKT表达。结果 胰腺癌组、NC组、ECT2 siRNA组、抑制剂组及ECT2 siRNA+抑制剂组的ECT2 mRNA比较分别为1.00±0.00、0.95±0.03、0.41±0.08...     

蛋白激酶B通过调控低氧诱导因子-1表达干预人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721增殖

目的研究与分析敲低蛋白激酶B(PKB/AKT)对低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)表达及肝癌细胞增殖的影响。方法随机将人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721分设5组:空白对照(BC)组、阴性对照(siRNA-NC)组、HIF-1 siRNA转染(HIF1-siRNA)组、AKT siRNA转染(AKT-siRNA)组和HIF-1 AKT siRNA转染(HIF1-AKT-siRNA)组。用倒置荧光显微镜观察转染效率;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率;Western blot检测HIF-1蛋白的表达。结果转染效率均达到90%以上。与siRNA-NC组相比较,HIF1-siRNA组、AKT-siRNA组和HIF1-AKT-siRNA组的细胞增殖抑制率均升高,HIF-1蛋白表达水平均下降(P0.05);与HIF1-AKT-siRNA组比较,HIF1-siRNA组和AKT-siRNA组的细胞增殖抑制率均下降,HIF-1蛋白表达水平均升高(P0.05);与HIF1-siRNA组比较, AKT-siRNA组的细胞增殖抑制率下降,HIF-1蛋白表达水平升高(P0.05)。各组HIF-1蛋白表达水平与细胞增殖抑制率存在负相关关系(r=-0.874,P0.05)。结论敲低HIF-1、AKT表达均可抑制人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721增殖;HIF-1可能是肝癌细胞增殖的主要决定因子, HIF-1表达水平下调可抑制肝癌细胞增殖;敲低AKT表达可降低HIF-1表达水平,并协同HIF-1低表达的抑肝癌细胞增殖作用。     

PTTG抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路诱导皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞凋亡的机制

目的探讨垂体肿瘤转化基因(pituitary tumoRtransforming genes,PTTG)对皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞活力、凋亡及PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响。方法将设计合成的PTTG特异性siRNA(si-PTTG)转染人皮肤鳞癌细胞系A431(si-PTTG组),无干扰作用siRNA(NC组)及未转染的空白细胞(空白组)作为对照组,LY294002作为PI3K/AKT信号通路的抑制剂。通过MTT法、Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒及ROS检测试剂盒分别检测细胞活力、凋亡率和ROS含量。Western blot法检测PTTG、AKT、p-AKT、Cyclin D1和Bax蛋白表达。结果si-PTTG转染A431细胞后,PTTG表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,si-PTTG组和LY294002组细胞活力明显降低,凋亡率明显升高,si-PTTG组ROS含量明显升高,p-AKT和Cyclin D1蛋白表达明显降低,Bax蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05)。A431细胞转染si-PTTG,并用LY294002处理,细胞活力明显低于LY294002组,凋亡率高于LY294002组(P<0.05)。结论沉默PTTG表达可抑制皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞活力,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制与细胞ROS水平增高及PI3K/AKT通路抑制有关。     

槲皮素通过激活PTEN抑制PI3K/AKT及JNK信号通路诱导人乳腺癌细胞凋亡

目的 研究槲皮素对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖活性以及对第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PTEN/PI3K/AKT)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路的影响。方法 采用CCK-8法检测(0、20、40、60、80、100)μmol/L槲皮素对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响;Hochesst33342染色观察细胞核数量以及核型的变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;免疫荧光细胞化学染色检测PTEN和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK)表达,Western blot法检测PTEN、磷酸化的PI3K (p-PI3K)、p-JNK、磷酸化的AKT (p-AKT)蛋白水平;加入PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂LY294002处理后,再次采用以上方法检测对细胞凋亡和相关蛋白表达的影响。结果 随着槲皮素浓度的升高,细胞活性下降,细胞生长受到抑制,且具有浓度依赖性;细胞核浓缩增强、细胞凋亡增加;高浓度槲皮素显著增强PTEN蛋白表达和分布,降低p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平,并抑制p-JNK蛋白的核表达。加入PI3K/AKT信号抑制剂LY294002处理细胞后,LY294002和槲...     

低氧预处理通过激活AKT通路提高老年hBM-MSCs对氧化应激损伤的耐受能力

 目的:探讨低氧预处理对老年人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBM-MSCs)的保护作用,为提高老年自体干细胞移植治疗效果提供实验支持。方法:老年hBM-MSCs于低氧培养箱中培养24 h进行低氧预处理,实验分为年轻hBM-MSCs组(young组),老年hBM-MSCs组(old组)及低氧预处理老年hBM-MSCs组(old+hypoxia组)。300 μmol/L H₂O₂作用30 min建立细胞氧化应激模型,50 μmol/L LY294002作用2 h阻断PI3K/AKT信号通路,BrdU掺入实验检测细胞增殖能力; CCK-8法检测细胞活力,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2表达水平和AKT磷酸化水平。结果:BrdU掺入实验显示低氧预处理的老年hBM-MSCs细胞阳性率为39.85%±3.45%,与old组相比增殖能力显著提高(P<0.05)。300 μmol/L H₂O₂作用30 min诱导细胞氧化应激后,old+hypoxia组与old组比较,细胞活力显著提高(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白Bax表达量显著降低(P<0.05),抑制凋亡的Bcl-2蛋白表达量显著增高(P<0.05),且AKT磷酸化水平显著增高,差异有统计学显著性(P<0.05);应用LY294002抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路后,细胞活力下降(P<0.05)。结论:低氧预处理可以通过激活AKT信号通路提高老年人骨髓间充质干细胞活力及增殖能力。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.