广州地区汉族群体15个短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分析

目的:调查广州地区汉族人群15个短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)基因座遗传多态性分布。方法:应用荧光标记多重PCR方法和毛细管电泳技术,检测156名汉族无关个体的15个STR基因座基因型。结果:15个STR基因座的基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,15个STR遗传标记均具有高度多态性,杂合度均超过0.64,15个基因座的个体识别力在0.816～0.966之间,非父排除率在0.343～0.725之间,匹配概率在0.038～0.184之间。15个基因座的累积个体识别能力为0.999 999以上,累积非父排除率为0.999 75,累积匹配概率为8.84×10-18。结论:该15个STR基因座具有高度多态性,可用于移植术后供者植入状态的监测。     

温州永嘉汉族人群3个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的研究3个Y染色体STR基因座及其单倍型在温州永嘉人群中的遗传多态性分布,获得相应的群体遗传学数据。方法用复合扩增的方法扩增DYS435、DYS436和DYS4373个基因座,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染显带技术进行分型,检测140名无关男性个体单倍型分布。结果3个基因座在该群体中分别检出3、3、4个等位基因,GD值分别是0.5100,0.1490,0.4056,观察到11种单倍型,其单倍型的变异度为0.7042。结论Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系和建立的Y染色体STR数据库,在法医学鉴定中有帮助意义。     

四川汉族群体8个Y—STR的遗传分析

目的调查四川汉族群体8个Y-染色体STR的遗传多态性,分析8个Y染色体STR的等位基因序列。方法利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对8个Y-STR基因座进行分型。结果DYS443、DYS453、DYS455、DYS456是简单重复序列的Y—STR,DYS444、DYS448、DYS457、DYS458是复杂重复序列的Y-STR。108位男性个体观察到106种单体型。8个Y—STR的基因变异度在0．355—0．821之间,单体型变异度为0．9996。结论在四川汉族群体,8个基因座构成的单体型具有较好的个人识别能力和非父排除率。     

潮汕地区汉族人群20个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座复合扩增及遗传多态性

目的获得20个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Yshort tandemrepeats,Y-STR）基因座及其单倍型在潮汕地区汉族人群中的遗传多态性分布情况,评估其法医学应用价值。方法通过建立3组Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增系统（MultiplexⅠ：DYS434,Y-GATA-A10,DYS438,DYS439,DYS531,DYS557,DYS448,DYS456,DYS444;MultiplexⅡ：DYS458,DYS460,DYS443,DYS447,DYS446,DYS709;MultiplexⅢ：DYS622,DYS635,Y-GATA-H4,DYS520,DYS630）,对潮汕地区汉族158名无关男性个体进行20个STR基因座的复合扩增,用ABI310基因分析仪对扩增产物进行检测,统计20个Y-STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果3组复合扩增系统均可成功进行分型,基因多样性（gene diversity,GD）值最低为0.2506（DYS434）,最高为0.8034（DYS447）;20个Y-STR基因座共同构成的单倍型157种,其中156种为唯一的,单倍型多样性为0.999998。另对30个父性家系调查显示：同一家系成员20个Y-STR基因座单倍型一致,未观察到基因突变。结论20个Y-STR基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性,父系遗传稳定,建立的3组Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增系统分型可靠,可用于法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

四川汉族群体8个Y-STR的遗传分析

目的 调查四川汉族群体8个Y染色体STR的遗传多态性,分析8个Y染色体STR的等位基因序列.方法 利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对8个Y-STR基因座进行分型.结果 DYS443、DYS453、DYS455、DYS456是简单重复序列的Y-STR,DYS444、DYS448、DYS457、DYS458是复杂重复序列的Y-STR.108位男性个体观察到106种单体型.8个Y-STR的基因变异度在0.355～0.821之间,单体型变异度为0.9996.结论 在四川汉族群体,8个基因座构成的单体型具有较好的个人识别能力和非父排除率.     

潮汕地区汉族人群12个Y短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分析

目的调查潮汕地区汉族人群12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性。方法应用PowerPlex^TM Y荧光标记复合扩增系统，对潮汕地区121名无关男性个体血样进行12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座的复合扩增，用ABIPRISM 3100遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测分析。结果DYS19、DYS437、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS439、DYS393、DYS391、DYS390、DYS392基因座检出4—7个基因型，DYS385检出35个等位基因组，各基因座遗传多样性（gene diversity，GD值）分布在0．4445—0．9525之间，DYS385基因座最高。结论上述12个Y染色体短串联重复序列基因座构成的单倍型在潮汕人群中具有较高的遗传多态性，适用于法医个体识别和亲权鉴定、遗传学及人类学的相关研究。     

PowerPlex~Fusion Kit 24个STRs在河南汉族人群中的遗传多态性研究

目的 调查河南地区汉族人群24个短串联重复序列(STR)基因座的遗传多态性研究。方法 本研究所使用的PowerPlexFusion System是美国Promega公司新近推出的一种扩增24个位点的多重复合扩增系统。包括22个常染色体位点1个性别位点Amelogenin及1个男性专有的DYS391位点。使用AB9700 PCR扩增仪和3500Dx遗传分析仪,对河南地区1503名汉族无关个体进行基因组多态性检测,并用Genemapper ID-X软件进行基因分型。结果 22个常染色体STR基因座在1503名河南汉族无关个体中的等位基因频率介于0.0003-0.7200,个体识别能力介于0.4330-0.9870,多态性信息含量值介于0.3800-0.9100,观察杂合度值介于0.6310-0.8720,期望杂合度值介于0.4329-0.9987,非父排除率值介于0.3440-0.7300,经典父权指数值介于0.5000-3.9100。22个常染色体STR基因座中,Penta E的各项多态性指标均为最高,TPOX基因座的各项指标值均为最低。结论 PowerPlexFusion System扩增体系所包含的22个常染色体STR及1个Y-STR在河南汉族中具有极高的遗传多态性、个体识别力和非父排除率,可用于河南汉族群体的亲子鉴定、个体识别以及DNA数据库建设。     

华北地区汉族群体15个短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分析

目的调查华北地区汉族人群15个短串联重复序列(shorttandemrepeat,STR)基因座遗传多态性分布和群体遗传学数据。方法应用毛细管电泳技术和五色荧光复合扩增的方法,检测597名汉族无关个体的15个STR基因座基因型。结果15个STR基因座的基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,所检测的15个STR遗传标记均具有高度多态性,杂合度均超过0.62,15个基因座的个体识别力在0.802~0.967之间,非父排除率在0.320~0·697之间,匹配概率在0.033~0.198之间。15个基因座的累积个体识别能力为0.999999以上,累积非父排除率为0.99999571,累积匹配概率为8.93×10-18。结论联合检测15个基因座可为亲缘鉴定和个体识别提供可靠的法医学证据,这15个STR基因座适用于中国人群的法医物证学检验。     

中国海南岛黎族人群Y染色体上四个微卫星基因座的多态性研究

目的：调查4个Y染色体短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat,STR)基因座的遗传多态在海南岛黎族群体中的分布状况。方法：应用多重聚合酶链反应主增后，用ABI377自动测序仪进行基因扫描分型。结果：在230名无亲缘关系的黎族男性个体中观察到4个Y－STR基因座均有遗传多态性，DYS3891有4种等位基因，DYS390有5种等位基因，DYS391有4种等位基因，DYS393有5种等位基因。获得了黎族群体在4个Y－STR基因座的等位基因频率、基因多样性和单倍型频率数据。结论：为我国不同民族人群Y染色体特异性STR的群体遗传学、法医学提供了可比性资料，对海南岛黎族的起源及进化研究有较大的意义。     

东北满族10个Y染色体短串联重复序列的多态性研究

目的调查满族Y染色体上10个短串联重复序列基因座及单体型的遗传多态性。方法采用PCR复合扩增和基因测序仪荧光检测方法，检测满族71例无关个体10个Y—STR位点的遗传多态性分布。结果在DYS392、DYS389I、DYS389II、DYS441、DYS442、DYS447、DYS460、DYS461、DYS463和DYS459等10个基因座中共检出59个等位基因，等位基因频率分布在0．0141～0．5915之间，基因多样性（GD）分布在0．6006（DYS459）～0．8384（DYS441）之间，等位基因多样性均大于0．6。由10个基因座组成的Y染色体单体型系统中单体型有70种，单体型多样性为0．9998。结论上述10个Y—STR所构成的单体型在满族群体中具有较高的多态性，可用于法医学个体识别和亲子鉴定、遗传学及人类学的相关研究。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.