急性孤立性枕叶脑梗死患者治疗前后的视野缺损变化

目的:观察急性孤立性枕叶脑梗死患者治疗前后的视野缺损变化。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年5月在河南省人民医院神经内科住院治疗的59例急性孤立性枕叶脑梗死患者的临床资料。其中,男性35例(59.3%),女性24例(40.7%);年龄50~72岁,平均年龄(62.86±6.10)岁。右侧枕叶脑梗死23例,左侧枕叶脑梗死36例。病变累及纹状区41例,累及枕极8例,累及视辐射23例。所有患者进行标准内科治疗。治疗前所有患者均行视野检查,并采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价患者脑梗死后视功能残疾水平。治疗后1、3、6个月,54例患者至少进行了1次门诊或住院复诊的视野检查,5例患者失访;49例患者行mRS评分检查。对比分析患者治疗前后的视野缺损及mRS评分的变化。将视野缺损的恢复在水平方向超过10°或垂直方向超过15°定义为有改善,否则定义为无改善。根据视野缺损类型将患者分为完全性同向偏盲和不完全性同向偏盲两组,统计两组患者的累计视野改善率。mRS评分0~2分定义为预后良好,>2分定义为预后不良。结果:治疗前,59例患者中完全性同向偏盲47例,不完全性同向偏盲12例。完全性同向偏盲47例中,双眼右侧同向偏盲26例,双眼左侧同向偏盲21例;伴黄斑回避32例(72.3%)。不完全性同向偏盲12例中,象限盲10例,包括上象限6例、下象限4例;一侧部分性同向偏盲2例。治疗后54例复查患者中,末次随访视野改善25例(46.3%),无改善29例(53.7%)。治疗前完全性同向偏盲47例患者中,复查视野43例,其累计视野改善率为37.2%(16/43)。治疗前不完全性同向偏盲12例患者中,复查视野11例,其累计视野改善率为81.8%(9/11)。两组累计视野改善率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.011,P<0.05)。59例患者治疗前mRS评分1~2分15例(25.4%),>2分44例(74.6%)。治疗后末次随访时,复查mRS评分的49例患者中,28例(57.1%)预后良好,21例(42.9%)预后不良。结论:急性孤立性枕叶脑梗死后同向性偏盲患者治疗后的视野缺损可以改善,改善多发生在治疗后1个月内;不完全性同向偏盲患者较完全性同向偏盲患者视野改善更为明显。     

伴近视的鞍区肿瘤眼部病变特点

目的：探讨近视患者的鞍区肿瘤眼部病变的临床特点。方法：回顾分析了18例伴近视的鞍区肿瘤的视力、视野及眼底等情况。结果：18例初诊时,19眼（占52.8%）视力低下4.0,仅5例（占27.8%）视野缺损呈典型的视交性单、双颞侧偏盲,10例（占55.6%）双眼视神经不同程度萎缩,4例（占22.2%）单眼视神经萎缩。结论：伴近视的鞍区肿瘤眼部病变常很严重,容易被误诊为青光眼性视神经萎缩,视乳头炎、缺血性视神经病变。     

脑出血后单侧枕叶梗死继发视神经萎缩一例

枕叶梗死主要以中枢性眼部表现为特征,很少出现视神经萎缩。现将我们收治的1例脑出血后继发枕叶梗死随诊中发现双眼视神经萎缩的病例报告如下。     

蝶鞍区肿瘤与眼部表现的相关分析

目的 探讨蝶鞍区肿瘤的眼部临床表现.方法 对24例(48只眼)蝶鞍区肿瘤患者进行视力、眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、视野检查.结果 视力1.0以上者18只眼(37.5%),眼底及FFA检查异常者26只眼(54.2%),32只眼出现视野缺损,其中14只眼(29.2%)出现典型的双颞侧偏盲,眼球运动障碍1只眼(2.1%).结论 蝶鞍区肿瘤可引起视力下降、视野缺损、视神经萎缩和眼球运动障碍等各种眼部的临床表现,对于不明原因的视力下降,应全面进行眼底、视野及CT检查,防止蝶鞍区肿瘤漏诊、误诊.     

60例鞍区肿瘤对视器影响的临床分析

目的：分析鞍区肿瘤对视器影响的临床特点，探索仅有视觉改变的鞍区肿瘤患者的早期诊断。方法：回顾分析10年60例鞍区肿瘤患者的视力、视野、眼底、眼肌变化临床资料。 结果：视力不同程度障碍者110只眼，占91.7%；一眼或双眼颞侧偏盲40例，占83.3%；—眼或双眼视神经萎缩56例，占93.3%. 结论：视力障碍、视野缺损、视神经萎缩是鞍区肿瘤患者的主要视器表现；视野、CT及磁共振检查有利干早期确诊． （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：124-125）     

非青光眼性视野缺损20例的核磁共振分析

目的:分析20例以视力下降为主诉首诊于眼科,视野检查有缺损的患者核磁共振(MRI)表现,探讨引起视野缺损的原因。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。收集我院2011-01/2012-06间20例以视力下降为主诉首诊于眼科,视野检查有缺损的患者,行视力检查,裂隙灯检查、眼底、眼压等,详细询问并记录全身病史,分别行头颅、眼眶MRI检查,分析其图像表现。结果:所选20例患者中,最佳矫正视力(BCVA)0.1～0.3者10例,0.3～0.6者4例,0.6～1.2者6例。5例视乳头水肿,其中3例为单眼,2例为双眼。眼压均在正常范围。视野检查:象限性缺损11例,右侧同向偏盲伴黄斑回避1例,左侧同向偏盲2例,管状视野3例,生理盲点扩大2例,视野弥漫性缺损1例。MRI检查结果以多发性腔隙性脑梗塞最常见,共10例,急性脑梗塞1例,脑膜瘤、垂体瘤与颅咽管瘤各2例,陈旧性脑出血1例。结论:MRI可发现引起视力下降的头颅占位性病变与视路病变,以视力下降为主诉的患者在排除眼部疾病引起后,应注意其视路与颅内病变引起的可能性。其中,视野检查是一个发现颅内与其他病变的灵敏指标,怀疑有神经眼科病变的患者都应把视野检查作为必查项目。     

40例颅内脑膜瘤的视野分析

目的 了解不同部位脑膜瘤所导致的视野改变，给临床提供参考资料。方法 对40例(80眼)不同部位的脑膜瘤进行双眼视野检查(0CTOPUS-101)及回顾性分析。结果 40例脑膜瘤视野主要改变：鞍结节脑膜瘤12例(30％)为双眼颞侧偏盲；顶叶脑膜瘤9例(22．5％)为双眼同侧偏盲；额叶脑膜瘤7例(17．5％)为双眼对称性同向偏盲；枕叶脑膜瘤4例(10％)为双眼同侧偏盲累及对侧下方象限；颞叶脑膜瘤4例(10％)为双眼同向上象限盲；蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤2例(5％)为颞侧视野缩小；嗅沟脑膜瘤1例(2．5％)为中心暗点；桥脑小脑角脑膜瘤1例(2．5％)视野正常。结论 脑膜瘤生长部位、大小不同。侵犯视路的部位不同可引起不同的视野改变。     

颅咽管瘤致双眼视神经萎缩一例

1　病例报告患者女 ,12岁 ,两年前在学校体检发现右眼视力差 ,曾在当地医院按弱视治疗 ,后因视力渐进性减退 ,于 2 0 0 2年 8月 4日来我院弱视门诊就诊。发育较同年正常儿童矮小、消瘦。视力 :右眼手动 ;左眼 0 5。双外眼检查正常 ,眼底检查见右眼视神经萎缩 ;左眼视神经部分萎缩。双眼散瞳验光 ,右眼 +1 5 0DS =手动 ;左眼 +1 0 0DC× 75° =0 6。视野双眼颞侧偏盲。眼科临床诊断 :双眼视神经萎缩 ;偏盲原因待查。进一步行CT检查 ,显示鞍上低密度囊性肿块。诊断为颅咽管瘤。遂转北京天坛医院 ,经核磁检查确诊为鞍上型囊性颅咽管瘤 ,2 …     

垂体腺瘤200例眼部表现与MRI特点的相关性分析

目的:分析垂体腺瘤患者200例的眼部表现,并探讨MRI特点及与眼部表现的关系.方法:回顾性分析垂体腺瘤患者200例的眼部表现,89例MRI特点及与眼部表现的相关性.结果:有眼部表现者135例(67.5%),首诊于眼科者74例(37.0%),视力下降128例(64.0%),视野缺损132例(66.0%),视乳头水肿5例(2.5%),视神经萎缩31例(15.5%),颅神经麻痹14例(7.0%),眼球突出3例(1.5%).MRI明确诊断者84例(94.4%),肿瘤向鞍上生长者67例(75.3%),其中引起视力下降53例,视野缺损55例,视神经萎缩12例,视乳头水肿3例.向鞍旁生长者44例(49.4%),其中引起动眼神经麻痹4例,外展神经麻痹1例,三叉神经麻痹1例.向下侵入蝶窦者24例(27.0%),向后累及斜坡或压迫大脑脚者4例(4.5%),向前累及鼻咽部者3例(3.4%),累及额叶、颞叶、胼胝体、侧脑室任一者5例(5.6%).结论:垂体腺瘤可引起视力下降、视野缺损等多种眼部表现,很多患者首诊于眼科.     

马来西亚视神经萎缩的临床特点及病因

目的：研究在马来西亚非青光眼视神经萎缩的病因及临床特点。

方法：一系列回顾性的研究分析马来西亚理科大学校医院眼诊所在2007/2011年间被诊断为非青光眼视神经萎缩的患者。至少随访1a。评估这些患者的医疗记录及汇编调查结果。

结果：100例患者符合选择标准,56%的患者双眼都参与研究。主要症状为视力模糊(61%),除了视力模糊外还出现神经方面病症(18%),视野狭窄(9%)。大多数患者(63%)患眼视力下降到3/60以下。主要的病因是颅内占位性病变(26%),先天性疾病(13%),脑积水(12%),创伤(12%)及血管因素(12%)。对大多数患者(67%)采用保守治疗。不管其病因,视神经萎缩都伴有不同程度的视功能障碍。随访1a后,50%的患者出现不同程度的视觉障碍。

结论：视神经萎缩主要的病因是颅内占位性病变,其次分别是先天性疾病,创伤和血管疾病。在诊断之前常常就出现视觉和神经上的症状,而疾病显著地影响着视力的变化。为了早期诊断视神经萎缩,当视力模糊的主诉为非特异性时,应该高度怀疑本病。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of optic tract involvement in multiple sclerosis

We studied two cases of optic tract involvement in multiple sclerosis with documentation by magnetic resonance imaging. In one, incongruous homonymous hemianopsia was accompanied by a decrease in visual acuity in one eye from chiasmal involvement. In the other, the involvement was restricted to the optic tract and the homonymous hemianoptic visual field defect was nearly congruous.     

Neuro-imaging and positron emission tomography of congenital homonymous hemianopsia

Congenital homonymous hemianopsia is an uncommon asymptomatic visual field defect discovered typically in young adult life that is caused by a diverse group of insults to the retrochiasmal afferent visual system occurring prenatally, at birth, or during early childhood. We treated eight patients with congenital homonymous hemianopsia; seven with damage involving the optic radiations and one with an abnormality of the optic tract. We performed positron emission tomography using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose on two patients with dense homonymous hemianopsias, lesions of the contralateral optic radiations, and largely intact occipital cortex. These studies showed minimal abnormalities in resting visual cortex glucose metabolism of the affected visual cortex.     

严重眼雷管爆炸伤特点及玻璃体切割手术疗效观察

目的 观察眼球严重雷管爆炸伤的特点以及2期玻璃体切割手术治疗的效果。方法 回顾分析37例雷管爆炸伤患者65只眼的临床资料。男性36例,女性1例;平均年龄28.6岁。双眼伤31例,占83.8%;单眼伤6例,占16.2%。48只眼为严重爆炸伤眼,视力无 感9只眼,其中3只眼明显萎缩;光感28只眼;眼前手动4只眼;数指/33cm 7只眼。46只眼行玻璃体切割手术治疗,其中41只眼为严重爆炸伤眼。未行手术治疗的19眼中13只眼无玻璃体手术指征;6只眼因眼球萎缩或经济原因放弃手术治疗。就诊时间在伤后1周以内者7例,占18.9%;1周～1个月者13例,占35.2%;1个月以上者17例,占45.9%。手术后随访6个月～2年,平均随访时间8.6个月。结果 65只眼中结膜异物占66.2%;角膜异物占46.2%;玻璃体积血占70.8%;球内异物占69.2%。视网膜震荡伤或视神经冲击伤占56.9%。视力提高33只眼;不变25只眼;下降7只眼。46只玻璃体切割手术眼中,眼球内异物伤35只眼,占76.1%。视力提高26只眼,占59.5%;未提高13只眼,占28.3%;未治愈7只眼,占15.2%,其中眼球摘除2只眼,眼球萎缩5只眼。就诊时间超过1个月的患者手术后视力提高率低。单眼盲51.4%;双眼盲8.1%。结论 严重眼雷管爆炸伤大部为多发球内异物伤,就诊晚,伤情严重致盲率高,加强视网膜震荡和视神经冲击伤的诊治,尽早玻璃体切割手术可提高预后视功能。     

Ocular symptoms of moyamoya disease

We examined four patients with moyamoya disease who had ocular symptoms. The diagnosis of the disease was based on an abnormal vascular network in the cerebral basilar region, observed by carotid angiography. One patient had amaurosis fugax. A second patient demonstrated bilaterally decreased visual acuity and visual spatial agnosia. The other two patients had homonymous hemianopsia; one also had transient diplopia and the other had temporal pallor of the optic disks. We found that patients with moyamoya disease exhibited various ocular symptoms but had few abnormal intraocular findings.     

Optic nerve drusen and decreasing of visual acuity

The study of 82 cases with optic disc drusen revealed the following changes of the visual acuity: - normal or slightly lowered visual acuity in 80.5% of cases (66 from 82 cases); - lowered visual acuity (< 0.3) in 19.5% of cases (16 from 82 cases). The lowering of the visual acuity was the consequence of a direct action of the optic disc drusen, of the secondary complications, or also of some associated diseases: amblyopia (2 cases), retinal haemorrhages (4 cases), retinal dystrophies (4 cases), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (1 case), optic nerve glioma (1 case), macular telangiectasia (1 case), angioid streaks (2 cases). One case didn't show evident causes for the lowering of the visual acuity. Our results lead to the revision of the concept "optic disc drusen--benign anomaly" and impose additional ocular and general investigations.     

Entoptic [corrected] phenomena in pregeniculate and postgeniculate hemianopsia with splitting of macula by perimetry

With splitting of macula by perimetry, the entopic phenomena (the perception of one's own foveal xanthophilic pigment and macular vessel leukocytes) were utilized to study the character of macular sparing or splitting in patients with pregeniculate or postgeniculate hemianopsia. In the pregeniculate group, 11 of 14 eyes perceived the Haidinger brushes figure as a half circle corresponding to the perimetric macular splitting, whereas flying corpuscles were not perceived at all or were less numerous on the hemianoptic side than on the normal field side. In contrast, six of seven patients with postgeniculate lesions perceived the Haidinger brushes figure as a complete circle, four of six perceived fewer flying corpuscles on the hemianoptic side than on the normal field side, and two patients reported perceiving an equal number in all quadrants. This study indicated that in pregeniculate hemianopsia there is usually a true splitting of the macula, whereas in postgeniculate hemianopsia, there is some macular sparing even when perimetry shows macular splitting.     

Clinical application of the multifocal visual evoked potential

Background: Measures of visual function thresholds such as visual acuity and visual fields are generally dependent on subjective responses and assume maintenance of fixation, attention and motivation. In the young, elderly, cognitively impaired or malingering populations, such measures may be inaccurate or difficult to obtain. The Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERIS) has been claimed to give more objective topographic recordings of retinal and cortical function. This paper aims to explore the adequacy of this technique in four unusual, unrelated, clinically difficult cases. Methods: Multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) recorded on the VERIS System 3.01 are used to assess visual function in four cases with contradictory clinical findings or unreliable subjective responses. Results: Patient 1 had sustained a head injury and had normal ocular and pupil examination but light perception in the right eye and 6/5 acuity in the left. Multifocal VEPs showed a marked depression of the right visual field with little macular response. Patient 2 had sustained a head injury, had a left field hemianopia, possible macular sparing and loss of much of the right field, reduced but variable visual acuities, good near vision and normal ocular fundi. Multifocal VEPs showed a severe depression in both visual fields (L more than R) with little macular response. Patient 3 had a left optic nerve meningioma and experienced great difficulty with visual field assessment. mfVEPs showed a bilateral depression in the superior field particularly the left field, with a larger deficit in the left eye. Patient 4 had unexplained visual acuity and peripheral field deficits. mfVEP results were inconclusive in this case. Discussion: Where there is difficulty performing traditional techniques or conflicting clinical findings, mfVEPs may provide additional objective information to aid in the assessment of patients.