Investigation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-p55 expression in human colorectal cancer

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor-p55 (TNFR-p55) expression and its relationship with the clinical pathology and Dukes‘ classification of human colorectal cancer. Methods: SABC immunohistochemistry method was used to examine TNFR-p55 expression in 91 specimens of colorectal cancer, 81 surrounding mucosas of the tumors and 13 normal tissues. Results: TNFR-p55 expression in colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that in the surrounding mucosa andnormal tissues, and it was significantly higher in the surrounding mucosa than in normal tissue. TNFR-p55 was inversely correlated to serous membrane invasion and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancers.TNFR-p55 expression in Dukes‘ A and B stages was significantly higher than that of C stage. Conclusion: TNFR-p55 expression was important to determine the degree of malignancy and assess invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and Dukes‘ classification in colorectal cancer.     

Multi-slice CT contrast-enhanced presentations of advanced gastric cancer: associations with histo-differentiation and expression of p53 and P-glycoprotein

Background This study aimed to investigate multi-slice CT contrast-enhanced presentation of gastric cancer and its correlation with histo-differentiation and p53 and P-glycoprotein （P-gp） expression. Methods Sixty-six patients with gastric cancer in the present study underwent a multi-slice CT preoperative routine and dual-phase contrast-enhanced examination of the upper abdomen; postoperative specimens were used to determine histo-differentiation and the expression of p53 and P-gp. The correlation of multi-slice CT contrast-enhanced presentation with histo-differentiation and expression of p53 and P-gp was analyzed. Results The dual-phase contrast-enhanced ratio （CER） was not correlated with the histo-differentiation of gastric cancer （P 〉0.05）. Positive expression of p53 and P-gp was significantly higher in the cases of layered or heterogeneous enhancement than in the cases of homogenous enhancement （P 〈0.05）. Positive expression of p53 was also correlated with the arterial phase CER, tumor size and lymph node metastasis （P 〈0.05）, but not with infiltration thickness of the gastric wall, nor was it correlated with the portal phase CER （P 〉0.05）. Positive expression of P-gp was only correlated with the portal phase CER （P=0.005）. Conclusions Differently enhanced pattern and CER of the arterial and portal phase in gastric cancer correlate with its different histo-differentiation and expression of p53 and P-gp respectively. In addition, tumor size and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer relate to the expression of p53.     

Proliferation characteristics of CD133+ cell population in colorectal cancer

In this study,CD133+ subpopulations were isolated from 41 primary colorectal cancer tissues,the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the cells were examined without in vitro expansion,and then compared to those of cell lines.The detection of CD133 in colorectal cancer tissues,isolation of CD133+ and CD133-epithelial subpopulations,Ki-67/DNA multiparameter assay and cell volume analysis were flow cytometrically conducted.The results showed that Ki-67 expression was correlated with CD133 level in primary cancer tissues,while cell cycle G 2 /M phase distribution or clinicopathological characteristics was not.In addition,the CD133+ cells showed larger cell volume and higher Ki-67 expression as compared with CD133-cells.But there was no statistically significant difference in G 2 /M phase distribution between the two subpopulations.Our results demonstrated that the CD133+ subpopulation in colorectal cancer tissue contained more actively cycling and proliferating cells,which was not correlated to clinicopathological factors but might contribute to tumor progression and poor clinical outcome.     

Clinical implications and prognostic value of single and combined biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma

Background Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecological cancers and the incidence has been increasing. This study was to identify the relationship of estrogen receptor （ER）, progestrone receptor （PR）, P53 protein, Ki-67 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） with endometrial carcinoma, the assessment of these biomarkers and their association with clinicopathological parameters was performed. Methods A total of 198 cases of primary endometrial carcinoma were investigated for ER, PR, Ki-67, P53, and PTEN antigens by imrnunohistochemical methods. The association of these markers with age, menopause status, histological type, FIGO stage, grading, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement and serum tumor marker was examined. Results The percentages of Ki-67- and P53-negative endometrial tumors were significantly higher in ER-positive compared with ER-negative tumors （both P=0.000）. The same trend was evident with PR status. The percentage of PTEN-positive tumors was significantly higher in PR-positive compared with PR-negative tumors （P=0.021）, but was no difference in tumors with different ER status. There was no clear association between PTEN positivity and clinicopathological parameters except more relevance with endometrioid histotype （P=0.013）. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the different combined biological factors examined in disease-free survival. Conclusions ER and PR status were significant predictors with staging, grading and recurrence. P53 and Ki-67 expression were inversely correlated with both ER and PR expression and have more aggressive clinicopathological features. PTEN expression was inversely correlated with PR expression but not with ER expression. The combined type of ER＋PR＋P53-PTEN＋ was in the majority in endometrial cancer and seemed to be related to better clinical outcome. The combination of ER-PR-P53＋PTEN- represented the worst disease-free survival and was strongly associated with poorest survival rate.     

Clinical significance of B7-H3 expression on CD3 T cells in colorectal cancer

Background To investigate the expression of negative costimulatory molecule B7-H3 on CD3 T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer, and its relationship with clinic-pathological variables and patients’ prognosis. Methods The expression of B7-H3 was detected in 98 patients of colorectal cancer by using immunohistochemistry. Then the expression of B7-H3 was further conformed by flow cytometry on CD3 T lymphocytes isolated from the fresh cancer tissues of 12 colorectal cancer patients. Then analyzed the relationship between the expression of B7-H3 on CD3 T lymphocytes and patients’ clinic-pathological variables. Results The survival time of patients with more CD3 T cell infiltration are longer than those with less CD3 T cell infiltration(P<0.05), B7-H3 was highly expressed on the infiltrating CD3 T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer tissues. The expression of B7-H3 was found to be significantly related with the lymph node metastasis(P<0.05), but not with the patient's gender, age, tumor size, differentiation degree, depth of tumor invasion, Dukes' stage, distant metastasis and whether or not mucinous adenocarcinoma(P>0.05). Moreover, the survival time of patients with low expression of B7-H3 is longer than those of high B7-H3 expression patients, but the patients’ seven-year survival rate has no statistical difference between the high expression of B7-H3 and low expression of B7-H3(P>0.05). Conclusions The negative costimulatory molecule B7-H3 expresses on infiltrating CD3 T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in lymph node metastasis and prognosis.     

EXPRESSION OF p16 AND p53 IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of p53 and p16 expression in gastric carcinoma with special reference to the prognosis.Methods:One hundred and fifty-two patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing operation in our hospital between 1991 and 1998 were evaluated for expression of p53 and p16 in formalinfixed and paraffin-enbedded tumor tissue utilizing Avidin-Biotin immunohistochemistry techniques.Statistical correlations with stage,histological type,differentiation degree,location,size ,and overall survial were done.The Cox proportional hazard model was also performed to evaluate which factors had an independent prognostic value.Results:In 152 cases of resected gastric cancer,110(72.4%) were p16 positive and 49(32.2%) showed p53 overexpression.Differences were observed in the frequency of p16 positivity with rewspect to age ,gender and tumor size.The frequency of p53 positivity cells in well-differentiated tumors was significantly higher than that in poorly diffentiated tumors(41.9%vs 25.6%;P=0.034).In a multivariate analysis,tumor TNM stage,perioperation chemotherapy and the expression of p16 were independent prognostic factos in gastric cancer.Conclusions:The results of the current study suggest that expression of p16 may be a useful prognostic factor for patients with gastric carcinoma,but the expression of p53 as detected by immunohistochemistry were of no valus in predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma independently.     

乳腺癌激素受体与肿瘤标记物联合检测对乳腺癌预后的影响

目的 探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、原癌基因(C-erbB-2)、Ki-67与癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖抗原153(CA-153)联合检测对乳腺癌预后的评估,区分患者的复发危险性,以采取个性化治疗方案,提高患者的长期生存率.方法 120例乳腺癌患者术前检测CEA、CA-153,术中组织标本石蜡切片标本SP法免疫组化检测.结果 120例乳腺癌中ER、PR、C-erbB-2 、Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为62%、51%、38%、73%,CEA、CA-153阳性表达率分别为8%、10%,C-erbB-2、Ki-67与CEA、CA-153的表达与乳腺癌转移与预后呈正相关,ER、PR的表达与乳腺癌转移与预后呈负相关.结论 C-erbB-2、Ki-67与CEA、CA-153的表达是乳腺癌患者预后差的指标,ER、PR的表达提示乳腺癌患者预后好,ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67与CEA、CA-153联合检测有助于乳腺癌患者的治疗和预后判断. Abstract： Objective To assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer through the joint inspection of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, Ki-67 and CEA, CA-153. To differentiate patients relapse risk and adopt personalized management plan,which were to improve the patients with long-term survival. Methods The level of CEA,and CA-153 were measured in 120 breast cancer before the surgery, ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 were measured by SP immunohistochemical staining technique on paraffin-embedded specimens of 120 cases of breast cancer. Results The positive rate in patients with lung cancer of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, Ki-67, CEA and CA-153 were 62%, 51%, 38%, 73%, 8%and 10%, respectively. The expression of C-erbB-2, Ki-67, CEA and CA-153 was positively related to the metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer, with the expression of ER and PR being negatively. Conclusions The joint inspection of ER, PR, C-erbB-2, Ki-67, CEA and CA-153 is valuable to prognosis and treatment of breast cancer.     

Overexpression of SIRT1 is a poor prognostic factor for advanced colorectal cancer

Background Sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） has been reported to have diverse roles in various biological processes through deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins.However,the correlations among SIRT1 protein expression,clinicopathological parameters,and survival of colorectal cancer patients remain unclear.Methods SIRT1 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a paraffin-embedded tissue microarray,including 120 paired colorectal cancer and normal mucosa tissues.The correlations among SIRT1 protein expression,clinicopathological features,and prognosis were analyzed.Results All samples （100%） were positive for SIRT1,with variable staining in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus.There was significant difference in SIRT1 overexpression between adenocarcinomas and normal mucosal tissue （P〈0.01,x2 test）.SIRT1 overexpression was more frequently observed in advanced-stage tumors （P=0.046,0.002,x2test）.SIRT1 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival （P=0.013,log-rank test） and diseasefree survival （P=0.012,log-rank test）.Conclusions SIRT1 overexpression correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis.SIRT1 may play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.     

Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki-67 in breast cancer

Background This study was designed in an attempt to determine the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR）, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （Her-2）, and Ki-67 expressions in patients with breast cancer. Methods Pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, paired-tumor specimens from 103 patients with breast cancer administrated with anthracycline or anthracycline combined taxane regimen were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, Her-2, and Ki-67 was performed by the DAKO EnVision method. Results Among the 103 cases, five patients （4.9%） had a complete response （CR）, 82 （79.6%） partial response （PR）, 15 （14.6%） stable disease （SD）, and one （0.9%） progressive disease （PD）, yielding an overall response rate （CR ＋ PR） of 84.5%. Nine patients achieved pathological CR. There was a significant decrease in the average index of Ki-67 post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy, compared with that before chemotherapy （24.1% vs. 39.7%, P 〈0.001）. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the changes of Ki-67 in different subtypes of breast cancer were different （P 〈0.001）, and these changes correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy （P 〈0.001）. No significant changes in immunohistochemical expression were observed for ER, PR and Her-2. Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemotherapy apparently reduced Ki-67 index in primary breast carcinomas, but profiles for ER, PR and Her-2 were not significantly different before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The change of Ki- 67 correlated with molecular subtypes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that Ki-67 index was a surrogate marker to predict the treatment response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

MMR, MCM2, Cyclin A, and TGFRB as prognostic factors for colorectal cancer: results of a 10-year prospective study using tissue microarray analysis

Background: The expression of genes encoding a number of pathogenetic pathways involved in colorectal cancer could potentially act as prognostic markers. Large prospective studies are required to establish their relevance to disease prognosis. Methods: We investigated the relevance of 19 markers in 790 patients enrolled in a large randomised trial of 5-fluorouracil using immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridisation. The relationship between overall 10-year survival and marker status was assessed. Results: MCM2 and Cyclin A were significantly associated with overall survival. Elevated MCM2 expression was associated with a better prognosis (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46–0.86). Cyclin A expression above the median predicted an improved patient prognosis (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95). For mismatch repair deficiency and TGFBRII overexpression there was a borderline association with a poorer prognosis (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.46–1.04 and HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.02–4.40, respectively).No apparent associations were found for other markers （eg, VEGF, MMP2, TIMP2,Upa, SMAD4, PRL3, EGFR, AND HER2）. Conclusions: This study identified cell proliferation and cyclin A expression as prognostic indicators of patient outcome in colorectal cancer.     

Krüppel-like factor 8 is a potential prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer

Background Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.There is a lack of information to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.Krüppel-like factor （KLF） 8 has been found to be deregulated in multiple cancers,and its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis.However,so far,no information was reported about the expression of KLF8 in pancreatic cancer.In the present study,we investigated,possibly for the first time,the expression of KLF8 in pancreatic cancer samples and analyzed its correlation with clinical parameters and overall survival （OS） rate.Methods We used immunohistochemical staining to detect KLF8 in 68 samples from patients who underwent surgery and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics.We used Kaplan-Meier curve to analyze the relationship between KLF8 expression and the OS time.Univariate analysis was performed in addition to multivariate hazard models with clinicopathological features to assess KLF8 as an independent prognostic factor.Results KLF8 was present in the cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cells and 52.9％ of the 68 cases had positive expression.KLF8 expression was not associated with sex,age,tumor location,lymph node stage,and metastasis stage,but was associated with tumor stage （P=0.04）.Kaplan-Meier method demonstrated that patients with negative expression of KLF8 had a better prognosis.In univariate and multivariate models,KLF8 was a significant predictor of OS in pancreatic cancer.Conclusion Our results revealed that KLF8 may be a potential prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer.     

Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 and 27 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Clinical Significance

The heat shock proteins （HSPs） 70 and HSP 27 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） was studied and the relation.ship between HSP 70 and HSP 27 with the clinicopathological features of NSCLC was investigated. The expression of HSP 70 and HSP 27 was detected in tumor tissues from 60 patients with NSCLC by S-P immunohistochemistry. The findings were analyzed in combination with the histological types, histopathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, patients＇ clinical stages, smoking history and gender. The results showed that of the 60 NSCLC tissue specimens studied, the immunoreactivity of HSP 70 and HSP 27 was detected in 47 （78.3 %） and 43 （71.7 %） specimens, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the overexpression of HSP 70 and HSP 27. The histopathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and smoking history were correlated to the expression of HSP 70, but not to the expression of HSP 27. No statistical significance was observed in histological types and gender with respect to both HSP 70 and HSP 27 expression. It is suggested that the HSP 70 expression is a powerful and significant prognostic indicator and is related to histopathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, patients＇ clinical stages, smoking history, whereas HSP 27 expression is not.     

Clinical significance of survivin in the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma

Objective： To investigate the clinical significance of survivin in endometrial carcinoma and to investigate the relationship between the expression of survivin and Ki-67. Methods： Immunohistochemical S-P （streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex）method was performed to detect the expression of survivin and Ki-67 antigen in 15 cases of normal endometrium, 21 cases of endometrial simple and complex hyperplasia, 22 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia, and 61 cases of endometrial carcinoma. Results： Survivin was hardly detected in some normal endometrium in the proliferative phase and in the secretory phase. However, the level of survivin expression in atypical hyperplasia endometrium（72.73%）was higher than that in normal en- dometrium （7.14%）（P 〈 0.05）, including simple and complex hyperplasia （42.38%）（P 〈 0.01 ）, and was lower than that in endometrial carcinoma（90.17%）（P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, significant correlation was present between the expression of survivin and the characteristics of endometrial carcinoma, including clinical stage, histological grade and the presence of invasion to myometrium （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, Ki-67 antigen expression was positively correlated with survivin expression in all specimen. Ki-67 labeled indexes （LIs）in hyperplasia endometrium were significantly lower than those in atypical hyperplasia endometrium and endometrial carcinoma （P 〈 0.01 ）, while there was no significant difference in Ki-67 LIs between atypical hyperplasia endometrium and endometrial carcinoma（P 〉 0.05）. There was no significant relationship between Ki-67 LIs and the characteristics of endometrial carcinoma, including histological grade, clinical stage or the invasion to myometrium（P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Survivin may participate in the onset and progression of endometrial carcinoma through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting proliferation. Survivin expression is correlated with the malignant degree and prognosis of tumor. Ki-67 is also associated with carcinogenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma. The results suggest that survivin could be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for endometrial carcinoma and might provide pathways to treat the patients with recurrent or refractory or rudimental endometrial carcinoma.     

Role of TMS5: staphylococcal multidrug-efflux protein QacA

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an excellent model for evaluation of potential predictive factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of different biological factors in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy. Methods One hundred and thirty-five patients treated with 4 cycles of neoadjuvant taxanes and anthracycline were included in this retrospective study. Using pretreatment biopsy materials, immunohistochemical studies were performed for estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PgR）, HER-2, Ki-67 and p53 protein expression. The associations among biological markers and clinical and pathological complete response （pCR） were analyzed. Results The overall clinical response was 86%, including 33% clinical complete response （cCR） and 53% clinical partial response. The pCR was just 17%. In the univariate analysis, only HER-2 overexpression was predictive of cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy （P=-0.018）. No significant associations between other biological factors and cCR were found. Absence of ER, PgR expression and overexpression of HER-2 were predictive of the pCR （P=0.002, 0.001, 0.01, respectively）. Ki-67 and p53 failed to show an association with pCR. In multivariate analysis, overexpression of HER-2 remained as an independent variable in predicting the cCR （P=-0.021）. However, negative ER was the only parameter that maintained statistical significance in predicting the pCR （P=-0.001）. Conclusions Patients with overexpression of HER-2 and negative hormonal receptor status are much more likely to respond to neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy than those with the opposite characteristics. These factors could serve as predictive markers for this regimen.     

Chromosome 1p/19q status combined with expression of p53 protein improves the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of oligodendrogliomas

Background Our previous study confirmed that oligodendrogliomas had higher frequency of chromosome 1p/19q deletion. In order to improve the diagnostic criteria and to predict the prognosis of oligodendroglioma patients, the status of chromosome 1 p/19q deletion, the methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase （MGMT）, and the expression of p53 protein were evaluated and investigated in relation to patients＇ outcomes.Methods Methylation of MGMT in 73 cases was analyzed by nested methylation-specific PCR （MSP）. The levels of MGMT and p53 protein were tested with immunohistochemistry. Pearson＇s chi-square test and Fisher＇s exact test were used. Multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to determine patients＇ outcomes.Results Both oligodendrogliomas and astrocytic gliomas exhibited frequent methylation of MGMT. However, the results of MSP did not completely correspond to that of the immunohistochemical staining for MGMT. The expression of p53 protein was more frequently observed in patients without a 1 p or 19q deletion in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas （=0.032,0.025）. In low-grade oligodendrogliomas, methylation of MGMT was more frequent in patients with 1 p/19q deletion than in patients with 1p/19q intact （P=0.038）. Patients with oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity and p53-negative showed a longer progression-free survival.Conclusion Detection of chromosome 1p/19q status combined with p53 protein immunohistochemistry might be beneficial to improve the pathological diagnosis and to determine the prognosis of patients with oligodendrogliomas.     

Expression of HSP90aaaaaa in hepatocellular carcinoma and its signiflcance

Objective To investigate the expression of HSP90α in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its relation to biological behavior and prognosis of the tumor. Methods Immunohistochemical S - P method was used to detect the expression of HSP90α in liver tissue from 10 normal individuals and liver and juxtacancerous tissues from 40 patients with HCC. Results The expression rate of HSP90α was 10% ,52.5% and 72.5% in normal liver tissue,juxtacanerous tissue and HCC tissue,respectively. A significantly higher distribution of HSP90α expression in HCC tissue compared with juxtacancerous tissue and normal liver tissue was found (P < 0. 05). HSP90α was markedly correlated to tumor differentiation and size (P <0. 05) but not to tumor number (P > 0. 05). Meanwhile,it was correlated with prognosis of HOC. The mean tumor-free survival time in HSP90α-negative patients was 38. 6 months while that in HSP90α-positive ones 25. 5 months. There was significant difference between these 2 groups of patients ( P     

OVEREXPRESSION OF p53, EGFR,C-ERBB2 AND C-ERBB3 IN ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY

Objectives. To determine overexpression of p53, EGFR, e-erbD-2 and e-erbB-3 in endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary and to evaluate the prognostic signiFtcance of these resdts, especially, eoexlsting overexpression of p53 and one of the member of type I growth factor receptor family. Methods. Overexpressions of the p53, EGFR, e-erbB-2 and e-erbB-3 protein were studied by immunohlstochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 28 patients with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary. Results. 11 (39.3%), 13 (46.4%), and 14 (50. 0%) were stained positively with p53, e-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 monoclonal ant/bodies. 13 (46. 4%) was stained positively with EGFR polyclonal antibody.There were no relationship between p53, EGFR, C-erbB-2, c-erbB-3 and histologic grade, lymph node metastasis. The percentage of tumors with over expression of p53, EGFR, C-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 was higher in those with stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ tumors compared with those with stage Ⅰ, in patients with residual tumor after initial surgery compared with those without. A high survival rate was observed in patients without p53, EGFR, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 overexpression respectively than those with. A highest survival rate was observed in patients with both p53 and one of EGFR, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 negative compared with those both positive or either of both positive. Concltrsion. Overexpression of p53, EGFR, c-erbB-2 and C-erbB-3 resulted in a poorer prognosis respectively. Overexpression of both p53 and one of the EGFR, c-erbB-2 and e-erbB-3 is a worse prognostic indicator in patients with endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary.     

Expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas

Background Biomarkers in breast neoplasms provide invaluable information regarding prognosis and help determining the optimal treatment. We have examined the possible correlation between cancer stem cell （CSC）-like markers （CD133, paired box gene 2 protein （PAX2）, epithelial specific antigen （ESA））, and a new membrane estrogen receptor （G-protein coupled receptor 30 （GPR30）） in invasive ductal breast carcinomas with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers.
Methods In 74 invasive ductal breast carcinomas, we investigated the protein expression of these molecular markers by immunohistochemistry, and their associations with known clinicopathological parameters, tumor recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers. We studied the interrelationship between the expressions of these proteins.
Results CD133, a putative CSC marker, was positively related to tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. PAX2 was negatively correlated with tumor recurrence. ESA, one of the breast CSC markers, was an indicator of tumor recurrence. GPR30 was associated with hormone receptors. Despite the correlation between GPR30 and the nuclear estrogen receptor, the expression was dependent. Positive staining of GPR30 in tumors displayed a significant association with high C-erbB2 expression and a tendency for tumor recurrence. A positive relationship between GPR30 and CD133 existed.
Conclusion Detecting the expression of CD133, PAX2, ESA, and GPR30 in invasive ductal breast carcinomas may be of help in more accurately predicting the aggressive properties of breast cancer and determining the optimal treatment.