实验性帕金森氏病免疫功能变化

实验性帕金森氏病(PD)大鼠动物模型免疫功能变化研究表明,大鼠单侧黑质损毁后第4天,胸腺细胞自发增殖明显降低,脾脏细胞对羊红细胞抗体产生明显增加,自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性增强,胸腺、脾脏淋巴细胞转化无明显变化。体外研究表明,多巴胺(DA)对免疫功能无明显影响。     

摄入不同剂量过量碘大鼠脾脏的形态学改变

目的对摄入不同剂量过量碘的大鼠脾脏进行形态学研究,探讨碘过量对大鼠机体免疫功能的影响。方法断乳1个月Wistar大鼠18只,雌雄各半,分为适碘组(NI)、10倍碘组(10HI组)和100倍碘组(100HI组)。给以不同浓度碘化钾水喂养3个月后,处死取脾脏并称重,对脾脏进行光镜下观察,并对脾小结、生发中心、动脉周鞘和边缘区进行体视学定量分析,对脾脏边缘区免疫细胞进行超微结构观察。结果与正常组比较,10HI组和100HI组大鼠脾脏绝对重量和脾脏指数未见明显改变,10HI组大鼠脾脏脾小结、生发中心、动脉周鞘和边缘区体密度未见明显改变,脾脏免疫细胞超微结构未见明显改变。100HI组大鼠脾脏脾小结、生发中心、动脉周鞘和边缘区体密度明显增加,脾脏免疫细胞超微结构出现明显改变,即呈现功能活跃的表现。结论低剂量过量碘摄入对大鼠免疫功能未产生明显影响,高剂量过量碘摄入可引起大鼠免疫功能亢进。     

脾肝体积比与血清促吞噬肽水平的关系

促吞噬肽(tuftsin)是脾脏特有的可以反映其功能的细胞因子,具有广泛生物学活性的免疫调节因子。肝硬化发展到一定程度会出现脾脏纤维化,体积增大,功能亢进,以往在处理肝硬化门脉高压脾亢时一般采取脾全切的方式。随着对脾脏免疫功能的深入研究,认识到保留一部分脾脏将有利于患者的机体免疫功能[1],本实验尝试从形态学角度出发,采用脾肝体积比这一相对性指标来探讨肝硬化脾大情况下,脾脏功能的变化。     

人胎脾淋巴细胞的增殖特性

脾脏是人体内最大的淋巴器官,也是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分,它具有产生抗体、介导细胞免疫反应,促进或调节机体免疫应答等功能。人类淋巴细胞功能的胚胎发育是当前免疫生物学研究领域中的重要课题之一。人类在胚胎发育时期,脾脏的免疫功能发育尚不成熟,其淋巴细胞对丝裂原刺激的反应性或反应高(?)在一定程度上可反映其功能的发育状态。本文初步观察了人胎脾淋巴细胞的增殖特性及其与个体发育的关系。     

碘过量对小鼠脾脏影响的组织学研究

目的探讨碘过量对机体免疫功能的影响。方法Balb/c小鼠32只,雌雄各半,随机分为适碘组(NI)、5倍碘组(5HI)、10倍碘组(10HI)、50倍碘组(50HI)。给以不同浓度碘化钾水喂养6个月后,处死取脾脏,对脾脏的绝对重量、脾脏指数进行测量分析,对脾脏的组织学改变进行观察,并对小鼠脾脏白髓、边缘区的体密度进行测量分析。结果摄入低倍过量碘的小鼠脾脏未见明显形态学改变,随着过量碘倍数的提高,脾脏的组织学改变逐渐明显,且呈现功能活跃的表现。结论高倍过量碘摄入可引起小鼠免疫功能亢进。     

脾脏在失血性休克状态下体液免疫中的作用及氧合液复苏对其影响

目的 :脾脏是人体内最大的免疫器官 ,脾脏不仅是淋巴细胞聚集的部位 ,也是抗体生成的重要场所。失血性休克是一种急性循环功能障碍 ,常导致多器官功能衰竭 ,但休克对脾脏免疫功能有何影响末见文献报道。为了探讨休克对脾脏免疫功能的影响 ,我们观察了单纯失血性休克及氧合液复苏后的进出脾脏动静血免疫球蛋白的变化及脾组织中的免疫球蛋白变化 ,以期探明脾脏在失血性休克中的免疫调节作用。方法 :实验取健康杂种家犬 2 1只 ,随机分为三组 ,单纯休克组动物用 3 5%戊巴比妥钠静脉麻醉后按Ｗｅｉｇｇｅｒｓ法复制成失血性休克模型 ;空白对照组…     

脾动脉栓塞的临床应用

随着对脾脏功能研究的不断深入,脾脏不仅具有重要的免疫功能,而且具有内分泌、调节周围血循环量等多种功能,是维持患者高质量生存的重要器官。因此,脾修补、脾部分切除、脾切除后脾组织自体移植、脾动脉缩扎、结扎等保脾手术广泛应用于临床。近年来,由于微创外科手术的兴起及影     

银杏叶提取物增强大鼠脾脏和胸腺的免疫功能

目的研究银杏叶提取物(GBE)对大鼠脾脏和胸腺免疫功能的影响。方法给SD大鼠灌胃给予(40、120、360)mg/(kg·d)GBE,同时设置对照组。28 d后,水合氯醛麻醉处死大鼠,测量胸腺和脾脏的质量指数;MTT法检测伴刀豆球蛋白A(Con A)诱导的大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化;中性红实验测定大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能;扫描电镜观察大鼠脾脏和胸腺的超微结构变化。结果不同剂量的GBE均可提高胸腺和脾脏的器官质量指数,不同剂量组之间无显著性差异;不同剂量的GBE均可增强大鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞的吞噬作用及各级淋巴细胞的增殖能力,且呈现一定的剂量依赖性。电镜观察发现不同剂量的GBE处理组,大鼠脾脏和胸腺中成熟淋巴细胞数均较对照组增多。结论银杏叶提取物可增强大鼠胸腺和脾脏的免疫功能。     

外源质粒DNA经胃肠道途径对小鼠免疫基因的调控作用

目的:研究外源质粒DNA经胃肠道途径对小鼠免疫基因表达的调控作用。方法:给BALB/c小鼠灌胃质粒pcDNA3200μg,分别在灌胃后4h和18h分离脾脏,提取脾脏总RNA。利用Affymetrix基因表达谱芯片对灌胃质粒pcD-NA3后的BALB/c小鼠脾脏进行基因表达谱研究。采用Genmmapp和MAPPFinder软件进行功能聚类分析。结果:灌胃质粒pcDNA3后,大量与免疫应答相关的基因发生上调,这些基因包括转录因子、细胞因子和细胞因子受体、主要组织相容性基因、蛋白酶体基因、补体分子基因和细胞凋亡相关基因;下调的基因主要是免疫球蛋白基因。MAPPFinder分析结果显示大量免疫应答过程发生上调。结论:外源质粒DNA通过胃肠道途径可调控大量免疫基因的表达,对相关基因及免疫应答过程的研究有助于在分子水平上深入了解外源质粒DNA的胃肠道作用机制。     

自体脾组织移植实验研究进展

脾脏是人体最大的免疫器官。脾脏损伤或切除后导致机体免疫力降低，容易引发凶险性爆发性感染（overwhelmign postsplentctonry infection,OPSI）及AIDS。当脾脏严重创伤时自体脾组织移植能够部分地恢复其结构特点和免疫功能。     

Branches of the splenic artery and splenic arterial segments

In 200 adult autopsy specimens, the arterial supply to the pancreas and spleen was studied radiologically and by manual dissection. The splenic artery divided into two or three lobar arteries, which supplied its corresponding lobe; each lobar artery subsequently divided into two to four lobular branches. Six to twelve lobular branches were observed entering the splenic substance at the hilum. Lobar arteries did not anastomose with each other, hence, the lobes of the spleen are also termed segments. The lobules, however, were not found to be independent segments and the arteries of one lobule anastomosed with those of other lobules. The branching pattern of the splenic artery varied from one specimen to another, so much so that a prevailing pattern could not be identified. Polar arteries, particularly to the superior pole, arose quite proximal to the hilum in 51% of cases and were occasionally missed. In 45% of males and 40% of females, the posterior gastric artery arose from about the middle of the splenic artery. The splenic artery was not found to be tortuous in fetuses, newborns, and young children. Tortuosity was seen in only 10% of adults; thus, the characteristic tortuosity of the splenic artery appears to develop with age.     

自体脾组织移植后再生的实验研究

目的 探讨自体脾组织移植后的形态学变化规律，为临床及实验研究提供参考资料。方法 采用100只小鼠进行自体脾组织网膜内移植，于术后不同时相点切取移植脾组织，通过光镜和电镜技术，观察自体移植脾组织的生长特点及规律。结果 自体移植脾组织经过坏死再生过程，于移植术后6月移植脾组织与正常脾组织结构相近。结论 自体脾组织网膜内移植有正常脾组织的基本结构，有发挥脾功能的结构基础，并具有一定的脾功能。     

发热、脾占位

1.病例简介:患者男,24岁.因"反复低热7个月余,高热1周"于2009年1月11日入院.患者入院前7个月,无明显诱因出现腹胀、低热、发热(以午后多见并伴有盗汗),行血常规检查示:白细胞3.9×10~9/L,红细胞4.17×10~(12)/L,血红蛋白122 g/L,血小板50×10~9/L;肝功能提示受损;心肌酶谱升高(具体结果不详);骨髓细胞学提示"组织细胞嗜血细胞增多症";结核菌素试验阴性.抗感染等对症处理,体温控制不理想,并呈逐渐上升趋势.     

Assessment of splenic function

Hyposplenic patients are at risk of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), which carries mortality of up to 70%. Therefore, preventive measures are warranted. However, patients with diminished splenic function are difficult to identify. In this review we discuss immunological, haematological and scintigraphic parameters that can be used to measure splenic function. IgM memory B cells are a potential parameter for assessing splenic function; however, more studies are necessary for its validation. Detection of Howell–Jolly bodies does not reflect splenic function accurately, whereas determining the percentage of pitted erythrocytes is a well-evaluated method and seems a good first-line investigation for assessing splenic function. When assessing spleen function, ^99mTc-labelled, heat-altered, autologous erythrocyte scintigraphy with multimodality single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-CT technology is the best approach, as all facets of splenic function are evaluated. In conclusion, although scintigraphic methods are most reliable, they are not suitable for screening large populations. We therefore recommend using the percentage of pitted erythrocytes, albeit suboptimal, as a first-line investigation and subsequently confirming abnormal readings by means of scintigraphy. More studies evaluating the value of potentially new markers are needed.     

Intrahepatic splenic tissue.

Intrahepatic splenic tissue is uncommon being reported to date in three humans and one pig. This report is of a 54 year old man with chronic asthma who died from acute bronchial asthma. Twenty years previously he had undergone a splenectomy (the spleen was histologically normal). Necropsy revealed a well defined, smooth bordered, bilobed red mass on the left hepatic lobe; one lobe projected outwards the other was embedded in the liver. Histologically the mass was splenic tissue. This case of intrahepatic splenic tissue differing from the three human cases reported previously in that there was a common capsule beneath which splenic pulp directly abuts on hepatic tissue. This suggests that this case is more probably one of hyperplasia of congenitally ectopic splenic tissue following splenectomy rather than limited splenosis after implantation onto the serosal surface of splenic tissue released by trauma. Splenic ectopia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions detected post-splenectomy and the liver should be considered as a possible site of residual splenic tissue if splenic function returns following splenectomy.