CTA在脑动静脉畸形出血急诊显微外科手术治疗中的指导意义

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)存脑动静脉畸形(AVM)出血急诊显微外科手术治疗中的指导意义. 方法 同顾性分析四川省人民医院神经外科自2004年8月至2007年10月应用CTA指导急诊显微外科手术治疗脑AVM出血的21例患者的临床资料. 结果 本组21例脑AVM患者均行血肿清除及脑AVM的显微外科手术治疗,畸形血管伞切15例.部分切除5例,1例延髓血管畸形未能切除.痊愈6例(皮层下非功能区血肿5例,小脑血管畸形1例),好转14例(皮层下功能区血肿7例,小脑血肿4例,基底节区血管畸形3例),死亡1例(延髓血管畸形).结论 CTA可完成脑AVM的诊断,指导脑AVM出血的急诊显微外科手术治疗.     

脑动静脉畸形破裂出血并血肿形成急诊手术治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形破裂出血并血肿形成急诊手术治疗的特点.方法 回顾分析我院21例脑动静脉畸形(AVM)破裂出血并血肿形成急诊手术治疗的病历资料.病变位于额叶4例,顶叶2例,颞叶7例,枕叶2例,小脑半球3例,基底节区3例.结果 血肿清除加AVM全切除12例;血肿清除加供血动脉夹闭、部分AVM畸形血管团切除3例;单纯血肿清除或脑室引流加AVM II期治疗5例(包括手术切除、介入栓塞及γ-刀治疗).结论 脑动静脉畸形破裂出血并血肿形成,出现神经系统症状恶化者需急诊清除血肿同时切除畸形血管团,而对位于功能区、脑深部或巨大AVM破裂出血并血肿形成者,在安全的前提下应尽可能的夹闭供血动脉及尽可能多的切除AVM畸形血管团,否则,仅清除血肿,待病情稳定后Ⅱ期治疗.     

脑动静脉畸形破裂出血并脑疝的急诊手术治疗

目的 总结急诊手术治疗脑动静脉畸形(AVM)破裂出血并脑疝的手术经验.方法 回顾性分析23例AVM破裂出血并脑疝病人的临床资料,均行急诊手术治疗,其中行血肿清除加AVM全切除15例(65.2%),行血肿清除加AVM部分切除8例(34.8%).结果 本组术后无再出血.复查MRA 15例,发现AVM残存8例.随访6个月,按GOS预后评分:5分(恢复良好)14例,4分(轻度残疾)4例,3分(重度残疾)2例,2分(植物生存)2例,1分(死亡)1例.结论 AVM破裂出血并脑疝应尽快行急诊手术去骨瓣减压、血肿清除,并根据术中情况行AVM全切除或部分切除,可有效降低病死率和病残率.     

脑动静脉畸形破裂出血急诊手术30例

目的 总结脑动静脉畸形（AVM）破裂出血急诊手术的治疗体会。方法 回顾性分析30例AVM的临床特征、影像学特征及手术治疗效果。均行血肿清除术，同时行AVM切除16例，部分AVM切除14例。结果 死亡1例。8例恢复工作，10例生活能自理，11例遗留不同程度脑功能障碍。结论 在急诊开颅清除血肿的同时尽可能切除畸形血管，可有效避免再出血。     

脑血管畸形急性出血并脑内血肿的手术治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形(AVM) 出血并颅内血肿形成的急诊手术问题.方法 37例CT示颅内血肿,怀疑AVM 出血,32例急诊手术前经MRA检查提示脑AVM21例,其中29例行血肿清除加AVM显微切除术,8例行单纯血肿清除术,10例行去骨瓣减压术.结果 死亡4例,存活33例中恢复优良21例,良7例,差5例. 29例术后复查DSA或MRA,20例AVM消失.结论 急诊显微外科手术治疗是AVM破裂出血首选治疗方法,能够提高脑AVM破裂出血的治愈率,降低致残率.MRA适合急诊术前检查,可快捷、安全显示AVM及主要供血动脉,指导制定手术方案.     

脑动静脉畸形破裂出血急诊手术治疗

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形（AVM）破裂出血的术前诊断、急诊手术治疗及疗效。方法回顾性分析2008～2011年急诊开颅手术治疗17例NAVM出血患者临床资料。结果手术中判断病灶Spetzler分级：I级2例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级6例,IVY3例,V级2例。14例清除血肿同时切除病灶;术后新发癫痫4例,药物控制良好。术后随访6月～3年,10例预后良好,4例中残,3例重残。结论掌握脑AVM破裂出血的手术策略和显微外科技巧,若手术中条件允许,清除血肿同时切除病灶预后较好。     

脑动静脉畸形破裂并血肿形成的诊断及急诊手术

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形破裂并血肿形成的诊断及急诊手术。方法回顾性分析我院38例脑动静脉畸形(AVM)合并血肿急诊手术病人的病历资料。病变位于幕上35例,幕下3例。结果血肿清除同时全切除AVM21例,供血动脉夹闭2例,单纯血肿清除或脑室引流加AVMⅡ期手术切除11例,单纯血肿清除4例。手术结果满意,术后死亡2例(5.26%)。结论脑AVM合并血肿出现神经系统症状恶化者需急诊手术清除血肿,同时切除畸形血管;而对于巨大AVM或脑深部AVM应先行血肿清除,然后Ⅱ期手术切除AVM。     

脑动静脉畸形合并脑疝14例手术治疗分析

目的 总结我院2000年以来收治14例脑动脉畸形(AVM)破裂出血合并脑疝急诊手术病例,并对手术治疗的效果进行分析.方法 对14例AVM合并脑疝的病例进行回顾性分析总结.本组病例经急诊手术进行开颅清除脑内血肿,去除骨瓣减压,其中5例单纯血肿清除,6例在清除血肿的同时行AVM全切除手术,3例行AVM部分切除和电灼处理,4例同时行脑室外引流术.结果 死亡2例,自动出院1例,致残4例,恢复良好7例.结论 脑AVM破裂出血是自发性颅内血肿形成原因之一,应采取积极的治疗措施.力争在脑疝之前进行手术,一旦脑疝形成需急诊开颅清除血肿并行减压治疗,而脑疝晚期病人即使手术,效果也不理想.     

脑动静脉畸形大量出血的急诊手术治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形(AVM)大量出血急诊手术治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析36例AVM大量出血急诊手术治疗的临床资料.结果 本组采用单纯脑内血肿清除者20例,脑内血肿清除同时切除AVM者16例,术后病理证实为AVM.所有病例术后病情稳定后均做全脑血管造影(DSA)检查,结果显示术中已切除AVM者未再发现AVM,未切除者均证实AVM存在.在未切除AVM的病例中,行二期手术切除者8例,血管内栓塞者7例,γ-刀治疗者3例,术后再出血死亡者2例.3个月后随访,恢复良好26例,中残4例,重残3例,植物生存1例.结论 脑动静脉畸形大量出血采用急诊手术清除脑内血肿是救治成功的关键,为患者生存和后续治疗提供条件,但手术风险较大,术中止血困难和术后再出血是死亡的主要原因.     

儿童脑动静脉畸形出血早期诊断和显微外科治疗

目的 探讨儿童脑动静脉畸形(AVM)破裂出血急性期的诊断方法和显微外科治疗的时机与手术技术.方法 对2002年6月至2011年6月间收治的32例儿童AVM出血患者进行回顾性分析.除CTA和MRA检查外,本组行早期全脑DSA检查24例,另外入院时因出血量大发生脑疝者8例,立即行血肿清除术,其中3例病情稳定后再行DSA检查.明确诊断后根据Spetzler-Martin分级选择治疗方案.24例Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级AVM患者行急性期(3d内)显微外科治疗,其中栓塞后再手术2例.结果 8例急诊行显微手术血肿清除术者,术后死亡2例,镜下AVM完全切除2例,部分切除1例.病情稳定后行DSA检查证实AVM者3例,继而再行显微手术切除.24例急性期显微手术AVM切除者,术中显微镜下AVM血管团和颅内血肿完全清除.术后获DSA或CTA复查18例,均未见病灶残留.随访3-12个月.根据GOS评定:24例Sptetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级AVM患者恢复良好者21例,轻残2例,重残1例,无死亡病例.结论 DSA是儿童AVM出血早期诊断主要的检查手段.急性期显微手术可降低出血病死率和改善预后.     

急诊显微手术治疗脑动静脉畸形破裂出血

目的探讨急诊显微手术治疗脑动静脉畸形破裂出血的效果。方法回顾性分析破裂出血的24例脑动静脉畸形病人的急诊显微手术治疗。结果血肿清除+全部畸形血管切除17例,血肿清除+部分畸形血管电凝4例,单纯血肿清除3例。按GOS评分,病人恢复良好11例,轻残5例,重残4例,植物生存2例,死亡2例。结论脑动静脉畸形破裂出血急性期外科手术的正确选择是关键,争取在血肿清除同时切除畸形血管是首选方法。     

Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler-Martin grades I-III intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTS: The goal of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) therapy in pediatric patients should be complete resection or obliteration of the AVM to eliminate subsequent hemorrhage, because of high mortality and morbidity rates related to hemorrhage in addition to the longer life expectation. Despite advances in Gamma knife radiosurgery and in endovascular embolization, surgical resection is still the gold standard for treating cerebral AVMs. METHODS: Between 1986 and 2003, 20 children were surgically treated for cerebral AVMs. The AVMs were graded I, II, and III using the Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grading Scale. Good recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients (90%) and only 1 patient was moderately disabled (5%). There was one mortality (5%) related to the preoperative deep comatose state of the patient. The total obliteration rate was 89% (17 out of 19). CONCLUSION: For S-M grade I-III AVMs, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, considering its high cure rate and low morbidity and mortality rates.     

顶枕叶脑动静脉畸形致颅内出血治疗体会

目的 探讨顶枕交界部脑动静脉畸形(AVM)伴颅内出血的治疗方案.方法 采用栓塞或栓塞联合手术治疗顶枕叶AVM伴颅内出血患者 31 例,其中29例行单纯介入栓塞(93.5%),2例因栓塞后头颅CT证实再出血行急诊手术清除血肿并切除畸形血管(6.5%).结果 本组无死亡病例,术后遗留命名性失语2例,6例术前伴肢体偏瘫患者术...     

Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler–Martin grades I–III intracranial arteriovenous malformations

Objects The goal of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) therapy in pediatric patients should be complete resection or obliteration of the AVM to eliminate subsequent hemorrhage, because of high mortality and morbidity rates related to hemorrhage in addition to the longer life expectation. Despite advances in Gamma knife radiosurgery and in endovascular embolization, surgical resection is still the gold standard for treating cerebral AVMs.Methods Between 1986 and 2003, 20 children were surgically treated for cerebral AVMs. The AVMs were graded I, II, and III using the Spetzler–Martin (S–M) Grading Scale. Good recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients (90%) and only 1 patient was moderately disabled (5%). There was one mortality (5%) related to the preoperative deep comatose state of the patient. The total obliteration rate was 89% (17 out of 19).Conclusion For S–M grade I–III AVMs, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, considering its high cure rate and low morbidity and mortality rates.A commentary on this paper is available at     

脑动静脉畸形的显微手术体会

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形(AVM)显微手术治疗的经验和技巧.方法 回顾性分析了近8年采用显微手术治疗的44例AVM患者的临床资料.结果 所有病人均进行了畸形血管团显微切除手术(合并有血肿的同时行血肿清除术),其中42例为全切除,2例为次全切除.术后病人都良好生存,其中1例病人术后早期出现阻塞性脑充血.结论 采用显微手术切除畸形血管团是根治AVM、预防出血的可靠方法,详尽的影像放射学资料是术前设计手术方案所必备的,熟练的显微手术操作技巧是手术成功的关键.     

Comparison of management approaches in deep-seated intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Does treatment improve outcome?

Deep-seated intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a subset of AVMs characterized by variably reported outcomes regarding the risk of hemorrhage, microsurgical complications, and response to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We aimed to compare outcomes of microsurgery, SRS, endovascular therapy, and conservative follow-up in deep-seated AVMs. A prospectively maintained database of AVM patients (1990–2017) was queried to identify patients with ruptured and unruptured deep-seated AVMs (extension into thalamus, basal ganglia, or brainstem). Comparisons of hemorrhage-free survival and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] > 2) were performed between conservative management, microsurgery (±pre-procedural embolization), SRS (±pre-procedural embolization), and embolization utilizing multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses controlling for univariable factors with p < 0.05. Of 789 AVM patients, 102 had deep-seated AVMs (conservative: 34; microsurgery: 6; SRS: 54; embolization: 8). Mean follow-up time was 6.1 years and did not differ significantly between management groups (p = 0.393). Complete obliteration was achieved in 49% of SRS patients. Upon multivariable analysis controlling for baseline rupture with conservative management as a reference group, embolization was associated with an increased hazard of hemorrhage (HR = 6.2, 95%CI [1.1–40.0], p = 0.037), while microsurgery (p = 0.118) and SRS (p = 0.167) provided no significant protection from hemorrhage. Controlling for baseline mRS, microsurgery was associated with an increased risk of poor outcome (OR = 9.2[1.2–68.3], p = 0.030), while SRS (p = 0.557) and embolization (p = 0.541) did not differ significantly from conservative management. Deep AVMs harbor a high risk of hemorrhage, but the benefit from intervention Remains uncertain. SRS may be a relatively more effective approach if interventional therapy is indicated.     

脑动静脉畸形的临床治疗

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形（AVM）的临床治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2010年2月至2013年10月收治的123例脑AVM患者的临床资料。显微手术治疗70例,血管内治疗53例。结果手术治疗70例中,病灶完全切除61例;小部分残留患者9例,其中7例行伽玛刀治疗;术后随访3个月至2年,按GOS评分：恢复良好59例,中残6例,重残3例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。栓塞治疗53例中,一次完全栓塞21例;分次完全栓塞25例;小部分残留7例,行伽玛刀治疗;术后随访3个月-2年,按GOS评分：恢复良好48例,中残3例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论显微手术是脑AVM最主要的治疗方法;血管内栓塞既可以单独用于治疗,又可以作为显微手术重要辅助手段;病灶体积较大、位置在功能区或结构复杂的脑AVM常需要联合治疗。     

Management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations associated with symptomatic congestive intracranial hypertension

We report on management strategies and clinical outcomes in 4 cases of acute symptomatic congestive intracranial hypertension associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Congestion resulted from high-volume shunts exhausting the drainage capacity of the cerebral venous system in 3 patients, and from sudden venous outflow obstruction in 1 patient. Two AVMs were suggested to be surgically accessible, whereas two AVMs were deemed to be inoperable. Surgically accessible AVMs were treated with embolization followed by complete surgical resection. Inoperable AVMs were treated with partial embolization. Both AVM embolization followed by surgical resection and partial AVM embolization effectively reduced intracranial pressure and achieved sustained patient recovery. Hence, an endovascular approach may be considered to manage AVM-related congestive intracranial hypertension either in combination with surgical AVM removal, or as a palliative approach in inoperable AVMs.