以特殊临床表现为首发症状的10例嗜铬细胞瘤临床诊治分析

目的 探讨特殊临床表现的嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治。方法 回顾性分析西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院1995-2005年10例经手术后病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤的临床特点。结果 10例患者术前24h尿3-甲氧基-4-羟苦杏仁酸（VMA）87．6-175．5μmol、24h尿儿茶酚胺（CA）611．1-5421．0nmol、24h尿肾上腺素（E）168．2-2402．0nmol和24h尿去甲肾上腺素（NE）422．9-3019．0nmol，均明显高于正常，CT或B超检查均发现肾上腺占位病变。2例术前表现为急性冠脉综合征的患者，术后随访无心绞痛发作；4例有高血糖诊断为糖尿病的患者，术后血糖逐渐恢复正常；另外，4例以腹痛为首发症状的患者，术后症状未再反复。结论 临床表现不典型的嗜铬细胞瘤患者，生化检查及影像学检查对明确诊断很有意义。     

以腹痛为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤1例

1 病例资料 患者,女,50岁,以"发作性腹痛、头痛6d"为主诉,于2018年6月22日入院.既往体健,否认冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病史,无烟、酒嗜好,家族史无特殊.患者人院前6d出现腹痛、恶心,伴有直立后头晕、视物旋转、发作性头痛,疼痛性质为刺痛,每次持续约10 min缓解;之后逐渐出现心悸、多汗、呼吸困难、全身无力、...     

以少见表现为首发症状的9例嗜铬细胞瘤临床分析

目的：探讨以少见表现为首发症状的的嗜铬细胞瘤的临床特点.方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤并具有特殊临床表现的9例患者的临床资料结果：2例患者术前诊断为急性冠脉综合征;2例患者术前诊断休克;1例患者术前诊断为糖尿病酮症酸中毒;4例患者术前诊断为视神经炎.所有患者均有高血压.影像学检查均发现肾上腺占位病变,均经手术病理证实为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,术后症状好转.结论：嗜铬细胞瘤表现多样化,高血压是重要的诊断线索,实验室及影像学检查对明确诊断有重要意义.     

以视力障碍为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤2例报告

临床上以视力障碍为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤少见 ,笔者曾遇 2例。现报告如下。例 1:男 ,2 7岁 ,双眼视物模糊 ,无眼前黑影和视物变形 4天。视力 :右眼 0 .6 ,左眼 0 .5。眼压 :右眼 2 .6 6 k Pa,左眼2 .46 k Pa。眼部检查 :两眼球结膜血管轻度充盈 ,角膜透明 ,前房深浅正常 ,虹膜纹理清 ,瞳孔圆 ,等大 ,直径 3mm,对光反应存在 ,晶状体透明 ,玻璃体无混浊。眼底检查 :双眼视神经乳头边界不清 ,稍隆起 ,生理凹陷饱满 ,色泽红润 ,视神经乳头表面及其周围有放射状灰色纹理 ,期间有扩张的毛细血管 ,视网膜静脉充盈 ,静脉搏动消失 ,黄斑中心凹反光…     

以休克为首发表现的嗜铬细胞瘤1例

患者,女,48岁。因头晕、心悸2d入院。患者入院前2d因过度劳累出现头晕、心悸症状,间断发作,持续数小时,休息后稍缓解,伴间断呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物,无晕厥、胸痛、呕血、腹泻等症状。在当地医院检查血压低(具体值不详)给予补液对症治疗,病情无好转。患者否认既往有糖尿病、高血     

以红细胞增多为首发症状的嗜铬细胞瘤一例

嗜铬细胞瘤 (pheochromocytoma)是一种较少见的以继发性高血压为主要表现的内分泌系统肿瘤。随着临床医学的发展及诊断技术的提高 ,本病的确诊率逐渐提高 ,但少数具有特殊临床表现的病例仍易造成误诊并延误治疗。本病例曾长期被误诊为真性红细胞增多症。现报道如下。患者 ,女性     

以急性心肌损伤为首发表现的嗜铬细胞瘤1例

1 病例资料 患者,男,68岁,因"间断胸闷胸痛16 h"于2018年12月10日入院.患者16 h前无明显诱因出现胸闷、胸痛,为心前区压榨紧缩感,伴眩晕、大汗、恶心、呕吐,持续约30 min,经休息缓解.4 h前再次出现胸闷,伴一过性意识丧失,约半分钟后意识恢复,醒后无肢体活动障碍.急到我院就诊,测血压66/47 m...     

嗜铬细胞瘤的若干特殊临床问题

嗜铬细胞瘤(Pheochromacytoma,PCCT)90%为良性,10%为恶性,90%发生于肾上腺髓质,10%发生于交感或副交感神经节之嗜铬组织中,90%见于单侧肾上腺髓质内的单个腺瘤,10%见于双侧,即常说的三个90%和三个10%。由于PCCT组织阵发性或持续性分泌过多的去甲基肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)而产生一组以高血压和代谢紊乱的临床综合征。有人将主要症状归纳为5个“H”;高血压(HyPertension)、头痛(Headache)、多汗(Hyperhyd rosis)、代谢增高(Hypermetabol ism)、血糖增高(Hyperglycem ia)。现将临床上所遇到若干特殊     

嗜铬细胞瘤55例临床分析

我们收集了1975～1990年山东医科大学附院、山东电力医院及泰安市中心医院收治的55例嗜铬细胞瘤病人的资料,旨在探讨本病的诊断与治疗。一、一般资料本组男22例,女33例;年龄10～57岁,平均31岁,均经手术及病理检查确诊。其中临床表现为阵发性高血压24例,持续性高血压28例,高血压与低血压交替1例,血压正     

嗜铬细胞瘤20例临床分析

目的：探讨嗜铬细胞瘤临床特点，提高诊治水平。方法：对20例嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料总结分析。结果：20例均经手术治疗，单侧17例，家族性双侧3例，恶性嗜铬细胞瘤4例，肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤1例，无症状嗜铬细胞瘤4例。结论：嗜铬细胞瘤典型表现是高血压、头痛、心悸和出汗，而无症状性、家族性和其他非典型的特殊表现需引起注意。儿茶酚胺及影像学检查是主要的诊断手段。     

ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma: Clinical considerations and concise review of the literature

We present a patient with a rare cause of ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, caused by a pheochromocytoma. The case provides clues for a detailed discussion on the pitfalls and diagnostic difficulties in establishing the correct underlying cause of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. It clearly demonstrates that the relative contributions of clinical, biochemical, and radiological clues in establishing the correct underlying cause of Cushing's syndrome may differ considerably between Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic overproduction of ACTH. In addition, the literature concerning ACTH-producing pheochromocytomas is reviewed.     

嗜铬细胞瘤/副节瘤患者心血管表现的临床分析

目的探究嗜铬细胞瘤/副节瘤(PH/PGL)患者中心血管异常的发生率、表现形式、临床转归与其发生机制。方法入选2010年10月至2013年4月期间就诊于北京协和医院的78例PH/PGL患者,记录患者临床症状、血压、心率、心肌酶、心力衰竭标记物、心电图、超声心动图表现及24 h尿儿茶酚胺水平,并进行分析。结果 (1)78例患者中,66例(84.6%)有高血压,3例(3.8%)病程中有低血压病史。45例(57.7%)存在心脏损害,包括急性左心功能不全3例(3.8%),心肌酶与心电图ST-T段动态变化6例(7.7%),左心室射血分数下降6例(7.7%),其中5例随访恢复正常,心律失常30例(38.5%),左心室肥厚25例(32.1%)。(2)以有无左心室肥厚将高血压PH/PGL患者分为两组,两组高血压病程、表现为持续与阵发性血压升高比例、血压水平差异无统计学意义,肥厚组24 h尿去甲肾上腺素[435(61⁷66)μg/24 h比110(35766)μg/24 h比110(35²42)μg/24 h,U=320,P<0.01]、肾上腺素[3.51(3.01242)μg/24 h,U=320,P<0.01]、肾上腺素[3.51(3.01⁴.53)μg/24 h比2.88(2.324.53)μg/24 h比2.88(2.32³.89)μg/24 h,U=337,P=0.02]显著高于无肥厚组。结论PH/PGL可引起多种心血管损害,少数出现左心室射血分数下降,大多可逆。     

肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤11例临床分析

回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院1998年至2008年11例经手术后病理证实为肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的临床表现、定性和定位检查资料.肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的定性诊断与肾上腺内嗜铬细胞瘤者相同,但定位诊断常较困难,即使131I-MIBG阳性率比较低,结合病史、临床特点以及B超、CT、MRI等检查可提高诊断的阳性率.一旦确诊,手术治疗是最佳选择.     

Takotsubo syndrome-different presentations for a single disease: A case report and review of literature

We report three cases of Takotsubo syndrome(TS) with atypical myocardial involvement. All three cases were triggered by physical or mental stress, resulting in transient myocardial compromise. However, the clinical presentation, localization and extent of myocardial damage varied in each case, ranging from low-risk acute chest pain to cardiogenic shock with low ejection fraction and dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. These cases outline the range of possible presentations of this rare entity and illustrate atypical forms of TS.     

Study of the Fibriolytic Inhibition and Clinical Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Complicated with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To study the status of fibrinolytic inhibition in patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) complicated with type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to evaluate the effect of fibrinolytic inhibition to the clinical prognosis. Methods Type II diabetes mellitus was defined by ADA 1997/WHO 1998 criteria. The subjects were divided into treatment groups that included 39 patients of ACS with 20 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI), 36 patients of ACS + NIDOM with 20 cases of AMI. Twenty cases of healthy people were randomized to control group. The plasma level of tissue type plas-minogen activator (t - PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type - 1 (PAI - 1) and plasma D - dimer were detected by using elisa technique. The index of statue in fibrinolysis was detected with the plasma level of D -dimer and the rate of PAI - 1/D - dimer in percentage. This index was used to evaluate the fibrinolytic inhibition and the clinical outcome in all the patients with AMI in treatment groups. The clinical out     

True double bifurcation lesions: new application of the self-expandable Axxess stent and review of literature with dedicated bifurcation devices

Complex coronary artery bifurcation lesions occurred in hard clinical scenarios, such as acute coronary syndromes, may represent a challenge for interventional cardiologists, with not-defined general consensus on treatment. Even if provisional stenting is the most common option used to restore rapidly the coronary branches flow, improvements in industrial technologies and design of new dedicated bifurcation devices might open new modalities of treatment in these complex cases. The Axxess stent (Biosensors Europe SA, Morges, Switzerland) is a self-expanding biolimus-eluting conical V-shape stent, specifically designed to treat “easily” coronary artery bifurcation lesions, with reported favorable long-term clinical results in stable patients compared to a provisional technique. We report for the first time the feasibility to use this device in a case of “true double coronary bifurcation lesion” occurred in the context of acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, we reviewed studies with bifurcation dedicated devices and available cases of “true double bifurcation lesions”, underlying advantages/disadvantages of using one device over the others during acute coronary syndrome.     

Acute coronary thrombosis in a patient with diabetes and severe hyperglycemia

The pathophysiological processes responsible for acute coronary events in diabetic patients, in addition to the conventional factors associated with plaque rupture, include an enhanced prothrombotic state. This enhanced prothrombotic state results from multiple abnormalities of the coagulation system including platelet activation, impaired fibrinolysis and increased activity of the coagulation cascade. Studies have also demonstrated that severe hyperglycemia can result in an exacerbation of the underlying prothrombotic state, indicating that patients with extreme hyperglycemia are subject to an even greater thrombotic risk. The present case illustrates the thrombotic hazards associated with severe hyperglycemia.     

Nephrotic syndrome and acute coronary syndrome in children,teenagers and young adults: Systematic literature review

Myocardial infarction is rare in children, teenagers and young adults (aged < 20 years). The most common aetiologies identified include Kawasaki disease, familial hypercholesterolaemia, collagen vascular disease-induced coronary arteritis, substance abuse (cocaine, glue sniffing), trauma, complications of congenital heart disease surgery, genetic disorders (such as progeria), coronary artery embolism, occult malignancy and several other rare conditions. Nephrotic syndrome is a very rare cause of myocardial infarction, but it is probably underestimated. The purpose of this review was to determine the current state of knowledge on acute coronary syndrome related to nephrotic syndrome. We thus performed a comprehensive structured literature search of the Medline database for articles published between January 1st, 1969 and December 31st, 2021. Myocardial infarction in young adults can be broadly divided into two groups: cases of angiographically normal coronary arteries; and cases of coronary artery disease of varying aetiology. There are several possible mechanisms underlying the association between acute coronary syndrome and nephrotic syndrome: (1) coronary thrombosis related to hypercoagulability and/or platelet hyperactivity; (2) atherosclerosis related to hyperlipidaemia; and (3) drug treatment. All of these mechanisms must be evaluated systematically in the acute phase of disease because they evolve rapidly with the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. In this review, we propose a decision algorithm for the management of acute coronary syndrome in the context of nephrotic syndrome. The final part of the review presents the short- and medium-term therapeutic strategies available. Thromboembolism related to nephrotic syndrome is a rare non-atherosclerotic cause of acute coronary syndrome, and prospective studies are needed to evaluate a systematic approach with personalized therapeutic strategies.