以特殊临床表现为首发症状的10例嗜铬细胞瘤临床诊治分析

目的 探讨特殊临床表现的嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治。方法 回顾性分析西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院1995-2005年10例经手术后病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤的临床特点。结果 10例患者术前24h尿3-甲氧基-4-羟苦杏仁酸（VMA）87．6-175．5μmol、24h尿儿茶酚胺（CA）611．1-5421．0nmol、24h尿肾上腺素（E）168．2-2402．0nmol和24h尿去甲肾上腺素（NE）422．9-3019．0nmol，均明显高于正常，CT或B超检查均发现肾上腺占位病变。2例术前表现为急性冠脉综合征的患者，术后随访无心绞痛发作；4例有高血糖诊断为糖尿病的患者，术后血糖逐渐恢复正常；另外，4例以腹痛为首发症状的患者，术后症状未再反复。结论 临床表现不典型的嗜铬细胞瘤患者，生化检查及影像学检查对明确诊断很有意义。     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者血液及尿的儿茶酚胺测定

本文研究及评价血浆儿茶酚胺(放射酶测定法)与24小时尿香草基扁桃酸(VMA)、3-甲氧基肾上腺素测定在诊断嗜铬细胞瘤的价值。作者对近2年中24例经手术确诊的嗜铬细胞瘤患者及40例临床疑为嗜铬细胞瘤而检查未能证实者,作了上述3项测定并进行对比.在休息、仰卧位静脉取血测血浆儿茶酚胺,40例非嗜铬细胞瘸患者平均为531±289(平均数±标准差)ng/L。23例确诊为嗜铬细胞瘤患者为728～31,000ng/L,除1例外都超过上述40例的最高值。而确诊的22例中,24小时尿 VMA 有11例(占50%),3-甲氧基肾上腺素有5例(占23%),VMA 及3-甲氧基肾上腺有3例(占14%)测定都与未确诊患者的数值相近。作者认为:①血浆儿茶酚胺比24小时尿 VMA、3-甲氧基肾上腺素对嗜铬细胞瘤诊断意义更大。仅依靠后2者,诊断的准确性很不够,且血浆标本比24小时尿易于收集。②嗜铬细胞瘤患者的高血压与血浆     

嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治

一例34岁男性因波动性高血压疑为嗜铬细胞瘤而转至本科就诊。该患者临床表现典型,人院查血浆甲氧基肾上腺素(MN)及甲氧基去甲肾上腺素(NMN)均明显升高,CT和PET-CT检查均发现左侧肾上腺占位,诊断为嗜铬细胞瘤。术前予以甲磺酸多沙唑嗪控释片4 mg/d口服2周,血压平稳,在腹腔镜下行左侧肾上腺肿瘤切除术。术后病理提示嗜铬细胞瘤,MN、NMN、血压恢复正常,症状缓解。该患者术后随访3年,血压、血浆MN、NMN水平均正常,肾上腺CT未见肿瘤复发。     

嗜铬细胞瘤诊治进展

嗜铬细胞瘤是一种功能性肿瘤,临床症状多样。如能及时诊断及恰当治疗,绝大部分患者预后良好,否则可出现严重并发症甚至死亡。1　定性诊断1.1　生化检验　在现有生化检验中,血及尿儿茶酚胺测定和尿甲氧基肾上腺素测定具有较高的敏感性和特异性,而尿3-甲氧基-4羟基苦杏仁酸(VMA)的敏感性及特异性较低[1]。24小时尿甲氧基肾上腺素对嗜铬细胞瘤诊断的敏感性为98%。高压液相(HPLC)测定去甲肾上腺>80μg/24h、肾上腺素>20μg/24h,多巴胺>400μg/24h对本病诊断极敏感,但特异性差。将24小时尿去甲肾上腺素>170μg、肾上腺素>35μg确定为阳性标准,…     

嗜铬细胞瘤28例诊断分析

目的总结嗜铬细胞瘤的临床特点,探讨各种检查方法对嗜铬细胞瘤诊断的价值。方法对北京协和医院2004-01~2005-03的28例经手术和病理证实的嗜铬细胞瘤进行回顾分析。结果定性检查结果:24h尿儿茶酚胺(尿CA)检测结果为多巴胺升高占7例,去甲肾上腺素升高占24例,肾上腺素升高占15例,三者均正常2例。定位检查:各种检查阳性率分别为B超77%(17/22),CT96%(26/27),MIBG显像78%(22/28),奥曲肽显像73%(11/15)。结论尿儿茶酚胺对嗜铬细胞瘤的定性诊断有较高的诊断价值,而CT在定位方面有较高的敏感性,MIBG和奥曲肽显像可作为嗜铬细胞瘤定性和定位的可靠依据。     

以少见表现为首发症状的9例嗜铬细胞瘤临床分析

目的：探讨以少见表现为首发症状的的嗜铬细胞瘤的临床特点.方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤并具有特殊临床表现的9例患者的临床资料结果：2例患者术前诊断为急性冠脉综合征;2例患者术前诊断休克;1例患者术前诊断为糖尿病酮症酸中毒;4例患者术前诊断为视神经炎.所有患者均有高血压.影像学检查均发现肾上腺占位病变,均经手术病理证实为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,术后症状好转.结论：嗜铬细胞瘤表现多样化,高血压是重要的诊断线索,实验室及影像学检查对明确诊断有重要意义.     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者血压与儿茶酚胺分泌的昼夜变化

目的　研究嗜铬细胞瘤患者手术前后血压及尿儿茶酚胺排泄量的昼夜变化及两者之间的关系。方法　 2 7例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术前进行动态血压监测 ,其中 12例在术前及术后 10天进行动态血压监测并同日留取十段尿待测尿儿茶酚胺排泄量 ,应用Cosinor方法分析收缩压、舒张压、心率及去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺排量的昼夜变化。结果　术前不同血压类型患者的血压昼夜变化有所不同 ,持续性高血压患者的血压昼夜变化消失 ,阵发性高血压及正常血压患者血压昼夜变化存在。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺分泌的昼夜变化存在 ,肾上腺素、多巴胺的分泌高峰相有所后延。手术切除肿瘤后 ,患者的尿儿茶酚胺排泄量与血压的昼夜变化均恢复正常。 12例嗜铬细胞瘤患者术前的 2 4h平均收缩压、舒张压与 2 4h尿平均去甲肾上腺素排泄量呈明显正相关 (r =0 .83、0 .91,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　嗜铬细胞瘤患者的儿茶酚胺分泌的昼夜变化存在 ;持续性高血压患者血压的昼夜变化消失 ,阵发性高血压患者血压的昼夜变化存在。     

生化试验诊断嗜铬细胞瘤:尿与血浆对比

血压持续升高的嗜铬细胞瘤通过测定24小时尿VMA(Vanillylmandelate)、甲氧肾上腺素(Metanephrine)及儿茶酚胺即足以肯定或否定诊断。当血压呈间歇性时,诊断较困难,因为在血压正常期间,肿瘤不一定分泌儿茶酚胺。为了判定这些检查的诊断价值,作者测定了15例嗜铬细胞瘤患者(其中4例为间歇型高血压)尿儿茶酚胺代谢产物浓度和安静状态血浆儿茶酚胺浓度。     

嗜铬细胞瘤性儿茶酚胺心肌病

嗜铬细胞瘤性儿茶酚胺心肌病在临床很难诊断,偶于尸检发现。作者用非损伤性方法,即临床表现,心电图和超声心动图对儿茶酚胺心肌病进行诊断。19位嗜铬细胞瘤患者(男性6人,女性13人)。年龄:15～60岁。患者均接受外科治疗。外科治疗前、后分别测定尿中肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素及多巴胺的含量。急性期和外科治疗后3～6天内检查心电图。     

异位嗜铬细胞瘤

目的了解异位嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床特点,探讨诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析12例异位嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床表现、定位和定性检查以及治疗效果的资料。结果11例患者表现为持续性高血压,伴阵发性加重。11例测定了血儿茶酚胺,2例同时测定了24h尿儿茶酚胺。6例进行了腔静脉分段取血。8例患者手术治愈,4例患者药物控制良好。结论异位嗜铬细胞瘤以持续性高血压伴阵发性加重表现为主。血儿茶酚胺检查有助于病例诊断。无禁忌症患者应手术治疗。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。