NGAL、MMP-9及TIMP-1在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中的表达

目的：动态观测单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中中性粒细胞相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMP—1）的表达变化,探讨NGAL分子在肾小管间质纤维化发展中的作用机制。方法：将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为UUO模型组及假手术（SOR）组,每组24只,UUO组行左侧输尿管梗阻术,SOR组仅游离左侧输尿管不结扎。术后第1、4、7、14天分别处死每组6只大鼠,取左肾行HE＆Masson染色,并用免疫组化EI,iVision‘M1plus法检测肾组织NGAL、MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达。结果：HE、Masson染色切片示：UUO组间质损伤指数在术后各时间点高于SOR组（P〈0．05）。免疫组化结果显示：UUO组术后各时间点NGAL表达高于SOR组（P〈0．05）,与肾小管损伤指数呈明显负相关;MMP-9在uu0术后早期（1～7天）有所上升,随着病程进展,7～14天表达有所下降;TIMP1在UUO术后表达逐渐增强;NGAI。与MMP-9／TIMP-1比值呈明显正相关。结论：NGAL在肾间质纤维化早期发挥负向调节作用,对调节MMP-9／TIMP-1的平衡亦发挥重要作用。     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1在大鼠肾小管间质损害中的表达及其意义

目的 观察单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠模型中金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)在肾小管间质中的表达部位、动态变化及其与肾小管问质损害的关系。方法 制备UUO大鼠模型,采用免疫组织化学方法检测UUO术后第1、3、5、7、14天肾小管间质中TIMP-1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和单核巨噬细胞抗原(ED)-1的表达及其与输尿管梗阻后肾小管间质损害的关系。结果 UUO术后第1天肾间质可见少量TIMP-1表达细胞,第3～7天TIMP-1表达明显增加,主要表达于肾小管上皮细胞和肾间质。UUO术后第3天肾小管PCNA表达达高峰,随后下降,而肾间质PCNA水平于第7～14天仍较高。UUO术后第3天肾间质成纤维细胞及肾小管上皮细胞可检出α-SMA表达并随时间递增。α-SMA阳性面积与肾间质相对面积成正相关(r=0.924,p<0.01)。TIMP-1表达与间质相对面积(r=0.835,P<0.05)及α-SMA阳性面积(r=0.922,P<0.01)成正相关。结论 TIMP-1蛋白质于肾小管间质病变早期表达于肾小管间质,早于肾间质纤维化出现,其表达量与肾间质α-SMA表达及肾间质相对面积呈正相关并随病变进展逐渐增加。TIMP-1在肾小管上皮细胞和问质细胞的高表达及肾小管上皮细胞和间质细胞增殖可能参与介导UUO术后肾小管间质损害。     

螺内酯对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的观察螺内酯对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾皮质金属蛋白酶1组织抑制剂(TIMP-1)介导的肾间质纤维化的影响。方法UUO大鼠给予螺内酯20mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,用免疫组化及RT-PCR的方法检测术后7d、14d、21d的TIMP-1表达量并观察肾脏病理改变。结果与假手术组相比,UUO组及螺内酯组的TIMP-1mRNA和TIMP-1蛋白表达水平均明显增高(P<0.01),且UUO组显著高于螺内酯组(P<0.01)。结论螺内酯可通过下调TIMP-1减轻UUO术后肾组织间质纤维化。     

黄芪对肾间质纤维化模型大鼠肾组织MMP-9／TIMP-1表达的影响

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1（TIMP-1）在肾间质纤维化中的表达及黄芪抗纤维化的分子作用机制。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎（UUO组）造模。将24只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（UUO组）、厄贝沙坦治疗组（Irbesartan组）和黄芪治疗组（AM组）4组,每组6只。造模14d后抽血检测肾功能,取结扎侧肾组织观察肾间质病变,免疫组织化学染色法检测肾组织MMP-9和TIMP-1表达。结果①AM组血肌酐和尿素氮水平较UUO组低（P〈0．05）,肾纤维化程度较UUO组有明显改善（P〈0．01）。②肾组织TIMP-1表达,UUO组较Sham组显著升高（P〈0．01）,AM组较UUO组明显降低（P〈0．01）;肾组织MMP-9表达,UUO组与Sham组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,AM组较UUO组显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论黄芪可改善UUO大鼠肾功能,并可通过抑制TIMP-1表达,调节MMP-9／TIMP-1平衡来发挥其抗纤维化的作用。     

补肾排毒合剂对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质MMP-9与TIMP-1基因表达的影响

目的：研究单侧输尿管梗阻（unilateral ureteral obstruction，UUO）后大鼠肾间质MMP-9、TIMP-1基因的表达变化，探讨补肾排毒合剂对肾间质纤维化的保护作用。方法：采用UUO诱导肾间质纤维化的动物模型，将大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（UUO组）和补肾排毒合剂治疗组（REM组），用RT—PCR技术检测肾组织在术后3、10、20、30d MMP-9、TIMP-1的基因表达。结果：UUO组TIMP-1 mRNA的表达明显高于Sham组（P〈0．01），REM组TIMP-1 mRNA表达均明显低于UUO组（P〈0、01）。MMP-9 mRNA在UUO术后明显升高，第10天达到高峰，继之下降。REM组10d后下降幅度较小，在20、30d时间点高于UUO组（P〈0，01）。结论：补肾排毒合剂影响MMP-9／TIMP-1的基因表达，从而促进了ECM的降解过程，延缓肾间质纤维化的进展。     

MMP-3和TIMP-2在UUO大鼠肾间质的表达

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)/金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-2(TIMP-2)在单侧输尿管梗阻幼年大鼠肾脏组织的分布、表达及变化。方法:72只Wistar雌性幼年大鼠单侧输尿管结扎制成UUO模型,并随机分为对照组及UUO模型组,于模型成功后第1、2、3、4周末为实验时间点,检测各组大鼠24h尿蛋白、血BUN、Scr,用免疫组化法研究MMP-3及TIMP-2在肾组织的分布、表达及变化。结果:光镜下MMP-3在对照组肾小管上皮细胞胞浆、肾小球的脏层上皮细胞有少量表达。在UUO组1周MMP-3表达增强,主要位于各级肾小管上皮细胞胞浆区及肾间质,2周后表达有所减弱,4周表达最弱。TIMP-2在对照组肾小管上皮细胞胞浆有少量表达,在肾小球无表达。在UUO组TIMP-2随疾病进展而表达逐渐增强(P<0.05),主要位于肾小管上皮细胞、肾间质细胞。结论:MMP-3与TIMP-2蛋白在UUO模型大鼠肾脏组织的表达失衡可能参与了肾组织纤维化的发生发展过程。     

苦参碱对肾小管间质MMP-3和TIMP-1的影响

目的:观察苦参碱对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠模型肾小管间质MMP-3和TIMP-1表达水平的影响,初步探讨其对小管间质纤维化的作用机制.方法:实验分为正常组(A组)、假UUO组(B组)、UUO组(C组)、苦参碱低剂量治疗组(D组)、苦参碱高剂量治疗组(E组)和福辛普利对照组(F组).运用免疫组化技术观察第7 d、14 d各组大鼠的MMP-3和TIMP-1表达水平,采用Pearson分析方法分析二者在C组中的相关性.结果:在C组和各药物组中,MMP-3表达水平在第7 d、14 d均显著低于A组和B组(P<0.05),但各药物组的表达水平明显高于C组(P<0.05);TIMP-1在A组和B组的表达最低,各药物组的表达水平显著低于C组(P<0.05);MMP-3 和TIMP-1在E组与F组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);MMP-3与TIMP-1在C组的免疫组化半定量分析呈显著负相关(P<0.01).结论:苦参碱可部分恢复肾小管间质MMP-3的表达,降低TIMP-1的表达,延缓肾小管间质纤维化的进程.     

氟伐他汀对UUO大鼠肾间质单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达及巨噬细胞浸润的影响

目的观察氟伐他汀对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达和巨噬细胞浸润的影响,探讨其抗纤维化机制。方法90只SD雌性大鼠随机分成假手术(SOR)组、单侧输尿管梗阻术(UUO)模型组和UUO+氟伐他汀治疗组(T-UUO,氟伐他汀20mg·kg-1·d-1)。于术后第1、4、7、10、14d分别处死各组大鼠。用HE及Masson染色动态观察肾脏病理变化,免疫组织化学法测定MCP-1、单核巨噬细胞抗原(ED-1)的表达。结果UUO模型组肾小管-间质MCP-1与ED-1表达较SOR组增加(P<0.05);在术后各时间点,T-UUO组大鼠肾小管-间质MCP-1、ED-1的表达及肾间质胶原相对面积较UUO模型组显著减少,但/仍高于SOR组(P<0.05)。结论氟伐他汀可通过降低MCP-1表达、减少单核/巨噬细胞浸润以抑制肾间质纤维化。     

替普瑞酮对大鼠梗阻性肾病间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨替普瑞酮（GGA）对大鼠梗阻性肾病模型（UUO）肾间质纤维化的影响和可能机制。方法15只SD大鼠随机分成3组：假手术组、UUO模型组和GGA治疗组，每组5只。从建立UUO模型前1d开始，GGA治疗组和模型组分别给予400mg／kgGGA和溶媒（0．05％阿拉伯树胶＋0．008％维生素E）灌胃，每天1次，术后第7天处死大鼠。常规染色观察肾脏组织病理改变。间接免疫荧光和Western印迹检测肾脏E-钙黏蛋白（E—cadherin）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的水平。TUNEL染色和PCNA免疫组织化学染色分别观察肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡和增生情况。结果GGA能诱导肾脏特异性高表达热休克蛋白72（HSP72）。与UUO模型组相比，GGA治疗组肾小管损伤和肾问质纤维化的程度明显减轻『肾小管损害百分比（48．7％±1．3％比65．8％±7．3％）；肾间质损害分值（0．40±0．08比1．36±0．50），P均〈0．05】；E—cadherin蛋白水平增加，α-SMA蛋白水平降低（P均〈0．05）；每高倍视野中TUNEL阳性和PCNA染色阳性的细胞数显著减少（分别为6．78±1．25比2．81±0．63，57．61±5．42比17．66±1．38，P均〈0．05）。结论GGA可能通过抑制肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡，延缓大鼠梗阻性肾病肾间质纤维化的进程。     

骨成形蛋白-7在大鼠肾小管间质损害中的作用

目的观察单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠中骨成形蛋白-7(BMP-7)在肾小管间质中的表达部位、动态变化及其与肾小管间质损害的关系。方法60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常大鼠组、假手术组和单侧输尿管梗阻组,分别于术后1d、3d、7d、14d处死。采用RT-PCR方法检测BMP-7mRNA、TGF-β1.mRNA表达水平,免疫组化方法检测肾小管间质中BMP-7、TGF-β1、α-SMA的蛋白定位、表达及其与输尿管梗阻后肾小管间质损害的关系。结果与对照组相比,BMP-7mRNA于术后第1天即出现表达下降并随梗阻时间延长递减;而TGF-β1mRNA则随梗阻时间延长而递增(P均<0.05)。BMP-7蛋白在对照组中高度表达,主要分布在肾小管及肾间质,肾小球内基本无表达。在梗阻组随着肾间质损害的加重,BMP-7蛋白表达呈进行性下降,第14天表达量最弱,几乎没有明显的阳性表达,而TGF-β1、α-SMA蛋白表达则逐渐增加(P均<0.01)。BMP-7与TGF-β1蛋白表达阳性面积成显著负相关(r=-0.875,P<0.05)。BMP-7与α-SMA蛋白表达阳性面积亦成显著负相关(r=-0.843,P<0.05)。结论BMP-7于肾小管间质病变早期即出现表达下调,早于肾间质纤维化的出现,其表达量与肾间质TGF-β1、α-SMA表达负相关且随间质病变进展进行性下降。BMP-7表达下调可能参与介导肾小管间质损害的发生发展。     

TIMP-1 deficiency does not attenuate interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy

Progressive renal disease as a result of renal fibrosis is caused in part by an impairment of the proteolytic machinery that normally regulates matrix turnover. The goal of the present study was to determine whether genetic deficiency of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) could attenuate interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Groups of wild-type (Timp-1) mice and TIMP-1-deficient (timp-1) mice were killed after 3 and 14 d of UUO or sham operation. Timp-1 mRNA levels were significantly increased 37- and 19-fold in the wild-type mice 3 and 14 d, respectively, after UUO operation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity fell in all UUO groups but remained significantly higher in the timp-1 group compared with the Timp-1 group. The degree of interstitial fibrosis (kidney collagen content and percentage of tubulointerstitial area stained with picrosirius red and collagen III) was significantly increased 14 d after UUO operation, but there was no difference between the Timp-1 and timp-1 groups. Many features of the fibrogenic response were similar between the Timp-1 and timp-1 groups, including the number of myofibroblasts and the induction of genes encoding procollagen III, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-beta. After UUO operation, renal mRNA levels for Timp-3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly higher in the TIMP-1-deficient mice. The results of this study show that elimination of TIMP-1 alone does not alter the severity of interstitial fibrosis. These findings may be due to compensation by other protease inhibitors such as TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and/or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 or to the possibility that inhibition of intrinsic MMP activity does not constitute a profibrogenic event in the kidney.     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1抑制高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡

目的 探讨金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)在高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞(MC)凋亡中的作用及机制。方法 用流式AnnexinV/PI双染法及吖啶橙染色检测大鼠MC经不同浓度葡萄糖作用后的凋亡率。用脂质体法将正义、反义人TIMP(hTIMP)-1转染到MC中。采用PCR及RT-PCR检测hTIMP-1的整合及大鼠内源性TIMP-1(rTIMP-1)、bax和bcl-2表达。用CaspACETM Assay System检测半胱氨酸天胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-3)的蛋白活性。结果 高糖以剂量及时间依赖的方式诱导凋亡,相关系数r分别为0.925、0.9867, P均 < 0.01。在葡萄糖浓度为30 mmol/L培养条件下, hTIMP-1正义转染组的MC 24 h凋亡率为(4.30±1.11)%, 48 h为(7.78±0.92)%, 与正常对照组[24 h(14.95±1.60)%, 48 h(43.03±4.20)%]及空载体组[24 h(16.50±0.83)%,48 h(40.82±2.46)%]相比, 细胞凋亡显著减少(P < 0.01);hTIMP-1反义转染组MC 24 h凋亡率为(22.5±1.60)%, 48 h为(53.68±3.40)%,与正常对照组和空载体组相比,细胞凋亡显著增加(P < 0.01)。高糖作用后, 正义TIMP-1下调MC bax mRNA的表达, 反义hTIMP-1使之表达上调。与对照组(A值0.1407±0.007)相比, 正义hTIMP-1组caspse-3活性(A值0.086±0.009)显著降低,(P < 0.01),反义hTIMP-1组caspase-3活性(A值0.186±0.02)显著增高,(P < 0.01)。TIMP-1转染不影响bcl-2 mRNA水平的表达。结论 TIMP-1能够抑制高糖诱导的MC凋亡,这种作用部分是通过bax及caspase-3途径来实现的。     

Losartan Alleviates Renal Fibrosis by Down-Regulating HIF-1α and Up-Regulating MMP-9/TIMP-1 in Rats with 5/6 Nephrectomy

Background: This study investigated the effects of losartan intervention on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in renal fibrosis in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Rats in the losartan group were gavaged with losartan (33.3 mg/kg/day) from 1 week after 5/6 nephrectomy, and those in the sham group and the model group only received an equal volume of saline solution by gavage. Rats were sacrificed at the ends of the 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), 24-h urinary protein, serum cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were assessed. Kidney tissues were observed under light and electron microscope. The expressions of HIF-1α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Twenty-four hour urinary protein, urinary NAG, serum cystatin C, BUN, and Scr levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham group (p < 0.05), but losartan treatment improved these changes. The apparent glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were also found in the model group, which were ameliorated by losartan. The expressions of HIF-1α, TGF-β1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were elevated and MMp-9/TIMP-1 ratio was lowered in the model group (p < 0.05), but losartan increased the expression of MMP-9 and MMp-9/TIMP-1 ratio (p < 0.05) and lessened the expressions of HIF-1α, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Losartan may ameliorate renal fibrosis partly by down-regulating HIF-1α and up-regulating MMP-9/TIMP-1 in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy.     

罗格列酮对慢性环孢素肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的保护作用

目的 探讨罗格列酮(RGZ)对环孢素A(CsA)所致慢性环孢素肾病(CCN)大鼠肾间质纤维化的保护作用.方法 28只健康雄性SD大鼠被随机分成4组:(1)对照组(n=6):低盐饮食(LSD); (2)RGZ组(n=6):LSD+RGZ(5 mg·kg-1·d-1);(3)CsA组(n=8):LSD+CsA(15 mg·kg-1·d-1),(4)RGZ+CsA组(n=8):LSD +CsA(15 mg·kg-1·d-1)+RGZ(5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1).实时荧光定量PCR观察骨调素(OPN)及RANTES表达量;RT-PCR法检测MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达量;常规染色观察肾脏病理改变.结果 RGZ可改善CsA所致大鼠肌酐清除率的降低[(0.253±0.027)比(0.133±0.018) ml/min,P＜0.05];降低CCN大鼠肾间质单个核细胞浸润[(22.50±2.71)比(30.38±3.11),P＜0.05];减轻肾间质纤维化程度[(1.707±0.019)比(2.335±0.022),P＜0.05].与CsA组比较,RGZ+CsA组大鼠肾组织中OPN和RANTES mRNA表达量和MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA表达量降低(均P＜0.05).结论 RGZ可能通过下调趋化因子OPN、RANTES及MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达,改善CCN大鼠肾间质纤维化.     

Inhibition of Src kinase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction mice

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Src kinase in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham operation group (n=8), sham operation+PP2 group (n=8), UUO operation group (n=8) and UUO operation+PP2 group (n=8). The mice were injected 2 mg/kg PP2 by intraperitoneal everyday after surgery in sham+PP2 group and UUO+PP2 group. PP2 dissolved in 1% DMSO (formulated with normal saline). Sham and UUO group were given equal 1% DMSO. The mice were sacrificed at 7th day. Renal collagen was observed with Sirius red stain. The activities of Src, protein kinase B (PKB, AKT), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) were detected by Western blotting. The expression of collagen I (COLⅠ) was detected by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with sham mice, UUO mice on 7th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, UUO mice had increased expressions of COLⅠ and FN, and activities of AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK (all P＜0.05). Their renal expressions of α-SMA, TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 were also raised (all P＜0.05). Compared with those in UUO group, in UUO+PP2 group the activities of Src, AKT, p38 MAPK and ERK, and expressions of TGF-β1, MCP-1 and IL-6 decreased (all P＜0.05). Additionally, expressions of COLⅠ, FN and α-SMA, collagen deposition and renal fibrosis receded in UUO+PP2 group (all P＜0.05). However, the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were not influenced by PP2 treatment. Conclusions Src kinase promotes myofibroblasts accumulation and inflammatory reaction through activating its downstream signaling pathway in the progressing of renal interstitial fibrosis.