PLGA为佐剂的OVA纳米疫苗皮下注射可预防小鼠过敏反应性气道炎症和调节Th1/Th2反应

目的 探讨聚乳酸.羟基乙酸共聚物[poly（D,L-lactic-co-glycolic）acid,PLGA]包裹的卵清蛋白（OVA）纳米癌苗（POM）对哮喘小鼠的免疫治疗效果.方法 包裹不同剂量（低、中、高）的OVA纳米粒子和对照（OVA、空白纳米粒子、PBS）通过皮下注射给予小鼠,再用OVA进行致敏和激发,通过肺组织学、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞计数、测定BALF和脾细胞培养上清液中细胞因子的含量,观察小鼠呼吸道炎症和免疫学改变.结果 肺部组织学和BALF中细胞计数结果显示,与PBS对照组相比,OVA治疗组、中剂量和高剂量OVA纳米组的肺部嗜酸性浸润显著减轻,BALF中总细胞和嗜酸性细胞显著减少.卸胞因子测定结果显示,与PBS对照组相比,中、高剂量OVA纳米组的BALF和脾细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ显著升高,Ⅱ,4水平显著降低.OVA治疗组中IL-4水平显著下降,而IFN-γ水平无显著差异.结论 OVA纳米疫苗可预防哮喘嗜酸性气道炎症,其可能的机制之一是调节了过敏性哮喘的Th1/Th2失平衡反应.     

T-bet重组腺病毒对哮喘小鼠Thl/Th2免疫平衡的调节

目的 探讨静脉应用T-bet重组腺病毒(AdT-bet)对哮喘模型小鼠过敏性气道炎症及Th1/Th2免疫失衡的影响.方法 36只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为AdT-bet治疗组(A组)、模型对照组(B组)、正常组(C组).以卵蛋白(OVA)、氢氧化铝免疫建立哮喘模型,A组激发前尾静脉注射100 μL的AdT-bet(1×108PFU/μL),各组激发后肺泡灌洗分析细胞组份,分离肺淋巴细胞测定细胞因子分泌水平,以流式细胞仪检测CD3 、CD4 T细胞比例及表达IFNγ和IL-4的比例,比较各组肺组织学改变.结果 静脉应用AdT-bet组与对照组相比:①可明显抑制抗原激发后气道内嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润(P＜0.01);②明显抑制肺淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-5,增加了IFNγ的产生;③肺脏淋巴细胞CD4 IFNγ 百分比及IFNγ /IL-4 明显升高(P＜0.01),而CD4 IL-4 百分比则明显下降;④明显抑制哮喘鼠气道内及肺泡内的过敏性炎症反应.结论 激发前静脉用AdT-bet对哮喘小鼠过敏性气道炎症有明显的防治作用,其机制可能与表达的T-bet上调Thl/Th2比值,从而调整了免疫平衡有关.     

T-bet重组腺病毒对哮喘小鼠Thl/Th2免疫平衡的调节

目的探讨静脉应用T-bet重组腺病毒（AdT-bet）对哮喘模型小鼠过敏性气道炎症及Th1／Th2免疫失衡的影响。方法36只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为AdT-bet治疗组（A组）、模型对照组（B组）、正常组（C组）。以卵蛋白（OVA）、氢氧化铝免疫建立哮喘模型，A组激发前尾静脉注射100μL的AdT-bet（1×10^8 PFU/μL），各组激发后肺泡灌洗分析细胞组份，分离肺淋巴细胞测定细胞因子分泌水平，以流式细胞仪检测CD3^＋、CD4^＋ T细胞比例及表达IFNγ和IL-4的比例，比较各组肺组织学改变。结果静脉应用AdT-bet组与对照组相比：①可明显抑制抗原激发后气道内嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润（P〈0．01）；②明显抑制肺淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-5，增加了IFNγ的产生；③肺脏淋巴细胞CD4^＋ IFNγ百分比及IFNγ^＋/IL-4^＋明显升高（P〈0．01），而CD4^＋ IL-4^＋百分比则明显下降；④明显抑制哮喘鼠气道内及肺泡内的过敏性炎症反应。结论激发前静脉用AdT-bet对哮喘小鼠过敏性气道炎症有明显的防治作用，其机制可能与表达的T-bet上调Th1／Th2比值，从而调整了免疫平衡有关。     

Astragaloside IV attenuates allergic inflammation by regulation Th1/Th2 cytokine and enhancement CD4CD25Foxp3 T cells in ovalbumin-induced asthma

Astragaloside IV is the chief ingredient of Radix Astragali, which has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine as a major component of many polyherbal formulations for the repair and regeneration of injured organ and tissues. We tested the anti-asthmatic effects of AST IV and the possible mechanisms. BALB/c mice that were sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin (OVA) were treated with AST IV (40 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) 1 h before they were challenged with OVA. Our study demonstrated that AST IV inhibited OVA-induced increases in eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4 level were recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially increased CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3 T cells (Treg). Furthermore quantitative real-time (qPCR) studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially enhanced Foxp3 mRNA expression in lung tissue. These findings suggest that AST IV may effectively ameliorate the progression of airway inflammation and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic inflammation.     

大鼠发育早期接触变应原对Th1/Th2亚群功能及哮喘发生的影响

目的探讨妊娠期母鼠及其子代接触尘螨点刺液（Derp）对发育后期个体Th1/Th2平衡及哮喘发生的影响。方法Wistar大鼠根据母体妊娠期及新生早期是否接触Derp随机分为对照组、母Derp-仔Derp-组（母鼠和其子代均未接触Derp）、母Derp＋仔Derp＋组（母鼠和其子代均接触Derp）和母Derp＋仔Derp-组（母鼠接触Derp,其子代未接触Derp）,分别皮下注射Derp或生理盐水,30d龄时除对照组外,其余3组以卵白蛋白（OVA）为变应原致敏并雾化吸入,诱发哮喘发生。取血浆检测OVA特异性IgE抗体、收集外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）用ELISA法检测培养上清中细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ水平,行支气管肺泡灌洗记录支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中嗜酸性粒细胞的计数,留取肺组织行病理学检查。结果母Derp＋仔Derp＋组在哮喘建模后PBMC培养上清中IFN-γ水平显著低于母Derp-仔Derp-组,IL-4水平显著升高,IL-4/IFN-γ比值升高,OVA特异性IgE、BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞计数显著高于母Derp-仔Derp-组;母Derp＋仔Derp-组与母Derp-仔Derp-组IL-4和IFN-γ水平差异均无统计学意义,OVA特异性IgE水平虽有增高,但差异不具统计学意义,BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞计数差异无统计学意义。母Derp＋仔Derp＋组Th2优势显著高于母Derp＋仔Derp-组。结论胎鼠对于Derp跨胎盘的致敏作用可通过母体妊娠期间的免疫来完成,这一过程会根本上导致Th2优势免疫的发生,增加了变态反应性疾病的危险性。     

树突细胞与哮喘Th1/Th2失衡

特应性哮喘患者以Th2免疫反应为主,导致气道炎症,Th1／Th2失衡是特庆性哮喘重要的免疫病理机制,树突细胞（DCs）中肺部主要抗原递呈细胞,不但可以介志对吸入抗原初始的免疫反应,活化辅助性T细胞,而且在可以决定T细胞的分化方向,维持哮喘Th2免疫反应和Th1／Th2失衡机制中发挥重要作用而日益受到重视。本文就近年来对特应性哮喘免疫病理机制中DCs对Th1／Th2失衡影响认识作一综述。     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin modified dendritic cells attenuate allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by regulating the development of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 and Th2/regulatory T cell subsets in a murine model of asthma

T helper type 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cells (T(reg) ) have been postulated to have critical roles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) gene-modified dendritic cells (DC-CTLA4Ig) have the potential to reduce Th2 cells and induce T(reg) cells. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of the adoptive transfer of DC-CTLA4Ig into mice in an experimental model of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with aerosolized OVA for 7 days. Just prior to the first challenge, DC-CTLA4Ig, DCs or DCs infected with DC-green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected intravenously into mice. The administration of DC-CTLA4Ig reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, relieved asthmatic airway inflammation and decreased the numbers of esosinophils in the BALF in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. In addition, DC-CTLA4Ig altered the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine production in the lungs with increased interferon (IFN)-γ levels and decreased interleukin (IL)-4 levels, decreased the percentage of Th2 and increased both the percentage of Th1 and T(reg) cells in the lungs of OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. This research demonstrates that DC-CTL4Ig reduces airway hyperresponsiveness effectively and prevents airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice, which is due most probably to attenuated secretion of Th2 cytokines and increased secretion of Th1 cytokines in the local airway, and the correction of the pulmonary imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th2/T(reg) cells.     

支气管哮喘与Th1/Th2/Th17的相关性分析

支气管哮喘是一种涉及多种临床症状,例如咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难等常见的呼吸系统疾病,其发病率之高严重威胁着人类的健康.哮喘的发病与遗传和环境都有着密切的联系,因其发病机制十分复杂至今尚未明了.众多的细胞及其细胞因子均参与了哮喘的发病过程,其中辅助性T细胞(Thelper,Th)及其亚群(Th1、Th2和Th17)已被证实与支气管哮喘的发生有着十分密切的关系.     

Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2亚群在乙肝肝硬化患者中的作用

目的 :探讨乙肝肝硬化患者外周血 (PBMC)中CD4 和CD8 T细胞内Th1和Th2类细胞的平衡状态 ,探明Th1、Th2类细胞在乙肝肝硬化中的作用。方法 :乙肝肝硬化患者CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞中IFN γ 和IL 4 细胞的百分率 ,观察乙肝肝硬化患者Th1 Th2、Tc1 Tc2比例的变化。结果 :乙肝肝硬化患者PBMC中CD4 ,CD8细胞 ,CD4 CD8比值与健康对照者相比无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Th1细胞及Tc1细胞百分率为 8 8% ,9 0 % ,较健康对照者 7 5 % ,7 7%升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :乙肝肝硬化患者外周血T细胞亚群发生Th1类偏移 ,在乙肝肝硬化的发生和发展中可能起重要作用     

Analysis of apoptosis and a Th1/Th2 phenotype in HIV-infected patients

Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, underwent apoptosis upon in vitro culture. We found that the percentage of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 200 CD4 cells/μl) (60%) than in patients at earlier stage (> 500 CD4 cells/μl) (35%). Serum IgE levels increased in two of six patients at last stage and in two of five patients at earlier stage. Spontaneous production of both IL-2 and IL-10, by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 48 h in culture, was greater in HIV-infected subjects and increased with disease progression. IFN-γ production was greater in HIV-infected subjects but there was no evident change with disease progression. IL-4 production was barely detectable or not detected in both HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals. These results indicate that spontaneous apoptosis is associated with advanced disease. However, there was no evidence of in vivo switch from the Th1 to Th2 phenotype in HIV-infected patients.