Ames试验与MLA试验检测两味含马兜铃酸中药的致突变性

背景与目的:检测单味马兜铃及复方龙胆泻肝丸的遗传毒性.材料与方法:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames test)检测含马兜铃酸的两味单、复方中药的细菌回复突变率;采用96孔微孔板接种法进行小鼠淋巴瘤细胞tk基因突变试验(mouse lymphoma assay,MLA),经单、复方含马兜铃酸浓度5 μg/ml对L5178Y/tk(+/-)-3.7.2c细胞进行染毒,分别测定其接种效率(PE),相对总增长率(RTG)和突变频率(MF).结果:Ames试验结果为阴性,而小鼠淋巴瘤试验显示单味马兜铃具有一定细胞毒性并诱导tk基因突变,产生突变集落;而复方龙胆泻肝丸未诱发tk基因突变.结论:受试的单味马兜铃具有一定的遗传毒而复方龙胆泻肝丸具有对马兜铃的减毒效应.     

Study of CALR,MPL, and c-kit Gene Mutations in Thai Patients with JAK2 V617F Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Objective: The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of CALR, MPL and c-kit gene mutations in JAK2 V617F negative-MPN patients. Methods: The retrospective study of CALR, MPL and c-kit mutations were analyzed in 113 samples collected from March 2010 to May 2017 and identified as JAK2 V617F–negative MPN Thai patients. The samples were analysis by gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. Results: 28.3% of JAK2 V617F–negative MPN patients showed CALR gene mutations. Within the MPN patients with CALR mutation, 46.9% were classified as essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 20.9% were classified as primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Previous studies classified CALR mutations into three types using negatively charged amino acid stretches at the C-terminal domain. Type 1-like mutations were observed in 12 of 49 (24.5%) ET patients and type 2-like mutations were observed in 10 of 49 (20.4%) patients. In addition, 8 of 43 (18.6%) PMF patients showed type 1-like mutations and 1 of 43 (2.3%) showed type 2-like CALR mutation. Interestingly, platelet counts were higher in patients with CALR gene mutation than in patients without CALR gene mutation. MPL mutations (W515K and W515L) were identified in 2 of 109 (1.8%) MPN patients; the MPL mutations were only found in ET patients, which was consistent with previous studies. We did not detect exon 17 c-kit mutation in JAK2-negative MPN patients but detected intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms at c.74,978 and c.75,255 in these samples. Approximately 66% of patients did not have mutations in CALR and MPL genes, in addition to lacking JAK2 gene mutation, and these cases are classified as triple-mutations. Conclusion: Our results showed that 66% of cases were triple-negative mutation MPN because they lacked mutations in JAK2, CALR and MPL genes. The frequencies of CALR and MPL mutation in this study are similar to other CALR and MPL patient data.     

用计算机软件辅助设计和实验分析筛选有效的反义核酸(英文)

目的用 RNAstructure 软件设计和实验分析来筛选有效的反义核酸。方法选择 Bcl-2基因为靶基因,利用 RNAstructure 软件,模拟 Bcl-2 mRNA的二级结构,根据自由能不稳定区域或者无折叠的区域,设计5条反义核酸序列,研究它们对白血病细胞的细胞生长作用,用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术研究蛋白的表达,RT-PCR 检测 mRNA 的含量,有细胞形态学方法、电泳和流式细胞技术检测细胞凋亡。结果 5条中有两条反义核酸能显著抑制白血病细胞的生长,降低 Bcl-2 mRNA 和蛋白水平,显著诱导细胞凋亡。结论计算机软件预测有效反义比其他方法快而有效,这种方法能有效加速研究和临床反义序列的设计。     

3-氯-4-二氯甲基-5-羟基-2(5氢)-呋喃酮诱导人胚胎肝细胞ras基因突变

背景与目的:研究饮水氯化消毒副产物3-氯-4-二氯甲基-5-羟基-2(5氢)-呋喃酮(3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone,MX)对体外培养的人胚胎肝细胞(L-02细胞)ras基因突变的诱导。材料与方法:MX染毒剂量为300μmol/L,以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)做溶剂对照,将L-02细胞连续染毒培养12d后,收获细胞提取基因组DNA,应用PCR-克隆测序法检测ras基因(K-ras、H-ras、N-ras)12、13、61密码子是否存在突变。结果:MX染毒组H-ras基因57密码子的GAT置换成GGT,未检测到K-ras、N-ras及H-ras12、13、61密码子突变,DMSO溶剂对照组相应的ras基因目的片段均未检测到突变。结论:MX可能诱导L-02细胞ras基因突变。     

Status of c-erbB-2 in gastric adenocarcinoma: a comparative study of immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay

c-erb-2 amplification and overexpression are currently attracting a great deal of attention because a new adjuvant therapy using an antibody against the c-erbB-2 gene product, trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), has proved effective in treating breast cancer with amplification and/or overexpression of c-erbB-2. Aberrations of c-erbB-2 have also been detected in ovarian, endometrial and gastric carcinomas at varied frequencies. Amplification of the c-erbB-2 locus (17q12-q21.32), overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein (p185) and serum levels of soluble c-erbB-2 protein fragments (p105) were examined in gastric cancer patients using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein was found in 29 (8.2%) of the 352 gastric carcinomas analyzed. In FISH analysis, all tumors with 3+ immunostaining and 1 of 5 tumors with 2+ staining showed high-level amplification of c-erbB-2. Pre-operative serum p105 was quantified in serum specimens from 129 patients with gastric cancer and 28 patients with benign diseases. There were no significant differences in the serum p105 levels among 11 patients with c-erbB-2-overexpressing carcinomas, 118 patients with c-erbB-2 non-overexpressing carcinomas and 28 controls, although a single case of gastric carcinoma overexpressing c-erbB-2 with extensive liver metastasis had a higher level than the cut-off value. The mechanisms of overexpression of p185 and high-level amplification of c-erbB-2 in gastric adenocarcinomas seem similar to those well-established in breast cancers. Patients having gastric adenocarcinoma with c-erbB-2 amplification are potential candidates for a new adjuvant therapy using humanized monoclonal antibody.     

Tumor targeting of vincristine by mBAFF-modified PEG liposomes in B lymphoma cells

Malignant hematologic diseases are highly malignant and refractory to conventional therapies. Ligand-mediated targeting of liposomal anticancer drugs to surface receptors expressed on malignant B cells can be an effective strategy for treating B-cell malignancies. BAFF plays an important role in the maintenance of normal B-cell development and homeostasis and the expression of its receptors is significantly increased in numerous B-cell malignancies. mBAFF (a soluble BAFF mutant with amino acid 217–224 being replaced by two glycine residues) may be used as a competitive inhibitor for BAFF to treat relevant malignant hematologic diseases. It may also hold promise as a novel ligand for targeted anticancer therapy. In this study, we show that liposomes that are sterically stabilized by PEG and surface decorated with mBAFF exhibited strong affinity and specificity to cultured human Raji B lymphoma cells. Vincristine formulated in the targeted liposomes showed significantly higher levels of cytotoxicity towards Raji cells than the nontargeted liposomal drug. Therapeutic experiments in SCID mice implanted with Raji cells showed significantly prolonged survival time with targeted liposomal vincristine compared to either free VCR or vincristine formulated in nontargeted liposomes. These studies suggest the potential of the mBAFF-modified liposomal drugs in targeted therapy of B-cell malignancies.