难治性精神分裂症氯氮平联合用药的疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨难治性精神分裂症(TRS)氯氮平联合用药的疗效及安全性。方法:对南方四省八家精神专科医院住院的氯氮平单药治疗且疗效欠佳的TRS患者按联合用药情况分为单用氯氮平组(L组：调整剂量)、氯氮平+阿立哌唑组(A组)、氯氮平+利培酮组(R组)及氯氮平+舒必利组(S组)。分别于基线及治疗12周后采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和住院精神病患者社会功能评定量表(SSPI)评定病情、认知和社会功能的变化;治疗12周后采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:治疗12周末,各组氯丙嗪等效剂量明显高于基线,各组间氯丙嗪等效剂量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与基线时比较,各组PANSS评分显著下降,MoCA、SSPI评分显著升高(P均<0.05),其中PANSS评分A组R组>S组>L组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。不良反应发生率A组5.34%、S组20.38%、R组30.00%、L组35.29%,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P&l...     

阿立哌唑与小剂量氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑合并小剂量氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法将40例难治性精神分裂症患者随机分为A组(阿立哌唑合并小剂量氯氮平,n=20)和B组(单用氯氮平,n=20)。于治疗前和治疗第4、8、12周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效;使用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应,并进行对比分析。结果 2组治疗后PANSS总分较治疗前明显降低,A组显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义。2组治疗12周末有效率分别是80%、50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.95,P<0.05)。2组不良反应比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿立哌唑合并小剂量氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效好,不良反应少且依从性好。     

阿立哌唑联用小剂量氯氮平治疗女性难治性精神分裂症对照研究

目的 探讨阿立哌唑联合小剂量氯氮平对女性难治性精神分裂症（TRS）的疗效和安全性。方法 将62例女性TRS患者随机分成研究组和对照组各31例,对照组采用阿立哌唑治疗,研究组采用阿立哌唑联用小剂量氯氮平治疗,观察26周。于治疗前及治疗后第8、12、26周末进行阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）评定;治疗后第1、2、6、12、26周末用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果 治疗后第8、12、26周末两组PANSS总分均较治疗前下降（P〈0.01）,研究组PANSS总分低于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组间不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 阿立哌唑联合小剂量氯氮平治疗女性TRS更有效且安全。     

低剂量氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效分析

目的 探讨低剂量氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性.方法 选取2008年3月～2010年3月在我院住院治疗的精神分裂症患者92例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予单纯氯氮平治疗,治疗组给予低剂量氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗.结果 各组治疗后PANSS总分及三个因子分均较治疗前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗组PANSs总分及三个因子分改善与对照组相当,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗组总的有效率为82.61%,对照组总的有效率为86.96%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).但治疗组的不良反应如头晕、嗜睡、流涎、便秘及心动过速等发生率明显低于对照组,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 低剂量氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效肯定.安全性增加.     

阿立哌唑联合小剂量氯氮平治疗儿童精神分裂症的疗效观察

<正>本研究应用阿立哌唑联合小剂量氯氮平治疗儿童精神分裂症,现将报告如下。1对象和方法为2010年1月至2013年6月在我院住院儿童精神分裂症患者64例,均符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊断标准;阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)总分≥60分。随机分成两组,阿立哌唑+氯氮平(研究)组:男18例,女14例;年龄8~14岁,平均(12.6±2.1)岁;病程(4.6±1.1)年。阿立哌唑(对照)组:男20例,女12例;年龄7~14岁,平均(12.4±2.5)岁;病程(4.0±1.5)年。两组性别、年龄及病程差异无统计学意义。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:评价阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应.方法:将96例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别予以阿立哌唑及氯氮平治疗,疗程8周.用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应.结果:阿立哌唑与氯氮平疗效相仿.结论:阿立哌唑是一个安全有效的、不良反应少的新型抗精神分裂症药.     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

为验证阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性,我们以氯氮平为对照进行研究,报告如下。1对象和方法为2005年7月至2005年11月我院住院患者,符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症诊断标准,阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分≥60分;排除器质性疾病,酒或药物滥用,妊娠或哺乳期妇女及药物过敏者。共60例,随机分为两组。阿立哌唑组30例,男18例,女12例;平均年龄(37±7)岁,平均病程(5±4)年。氯氮平组30例,男19例,女11例;平均年龄(36±9)岁,平均病程(5±2)年。两组以上各项及诊断分型差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。阿立哌唑治疗剂量10～30mg/…     

阿立哌唑替换氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:探讨阿立哌唑替换氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的有效性和安全性。方法:将经氯氮平治疗6周疗效好转的精神分裂症患者,随机分为氯氮平组和阿立哌唑组。用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS),临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度(CGI-SI)、大体评定量表(GAS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。疗程10周。结果:两组间疗效差异无显著性,但阿立哌唑组无严重不良反应,患者耐受好,依从性高。结论:阿立哌唑替换氯氮平治疗精神分裂症安全有效,有利于患者的长期治疗。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:探讨阿立哌唑与氯氮平对首发精神分裂症患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法:对64例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗,疗程8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果:两组疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05),阿立哌唑不良反应显著少于氯氮平(P<0.01)。结论:阿立哌唑是一种安全有效的抗精神病药。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

本研究比较阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应,报告如下。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的：比较阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效与安全性。方法：将精神分裂症患者100例随机分为阿立哌唑组与氯氮平组。疗程12周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）、健康状况问卷（SF-36）评定疗效及不良反应。结果：两组治疗后PANSS评分均显著下降,两组问比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。不良反应发生率阿立哌唑组显著低于氯氮平组（P〈0．05）。结论：阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症疗效与氯氮平相仿,不良反应少,是一种安全有效的抗精神病药。     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症Meta分析

目的：了解阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应差异。方法：应用Meta分析对17项研究阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析,重新评价其疗效和不良反应。结果：阿立哌唑组治疗前后的自身对照,合并效应量d=3.62,95%CI（0.607,6.63）,综合显著性检验χ^2=8.52,P〈0.01,提示阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症前后症状学变化差异有显著性,效应极强;阿立哌唑组与氯氮平组之间组间比较,d=0.043,95%CI（0.013,0.153）,综合显著性检验χ2=4.65,P〈0.05,提示这两种药物的疗效差异有统计学意义,差异效应很弱;阿立哌唑组的失眠,头痛不良反应显著较比氯氮平组多,（χ^2=27.95,P〈0.001;χ^2=15.54,P〈0.001）,氯氮平组的流涎、白细胞减少、嗜睡、体质量增加、便秘、心动过速、头晕等不良反应均显著较比阿立哌唑组为多（χ^2=39.11~360.60,P均〈0.001）。结论：阿立哌唑在平均8周左右的疗效显著优于氯氮平,不良反应却有显著不同。     

阿立哌唑合并氯氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨阿立哌唑合并氯氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响. 方法:将78例经急性期治疗达临床痊愈及显著进步的复发性精神分裂症患者按治疗方案分为研究组(38例)和对照组(40例),分别给予阿立哌唑合并低剂量氯氮平及氯氮平单药维持治疗.分别在维持治疗前、6及12个月时采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLl-74)对两组患者生活质量进行评定和比较. 结果:维持治疗6及12个月时,两组GQOLl-74总分较维持治疗前显著提高,且研究组更显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.001);研究组的躯体功能、社会功能维度评分以及心理功能维度中自尊评分明显高于对照组(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01). 结论:阿立哌唑合并低剂量氯氮平维持治疗的精神分裂症患者生活质量优于单用氯氮平.     

An exploratory open-label trial of aripiprazole as an adjuvant to clozapine therapy in chronic schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: We conducted this 6-week open-label trial to examine the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated subjects on weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. METHOD: Ten clozapine-treated subjects received aripiprazole augmentation; eight completed the 6-week trial and two ended at week 4. Eighty percent were male, the mean age was 38.7 +/- 8.9 years and the mean clozapine dose was 455 +/- 83 mg daily. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in weight (P = 0.003), body mass index (P = 0.004), fasting total serum cholesterol (P = 0.002) and total triglycerides (P = 0.04) comparing baseline to study endpoint. There was no significant change in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores. CONCLUSION: This combination may be useful for clozapine-associated medical morbidity and must be studied in placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials to determine efficacy and safety.     

Favourable results in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients under combination of aripiprazole with clozapine

Clozapine is still the gold standard in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, a substantial amount of patients do not fully recover on clozapine monotherapy. Though there is still a lack of randomised controlled studies of combination strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, they are widely used. Aripiprazole is a relatively new therapeutic option due to its partial D2 agonism. Both clozapine and aripiprazole, though having a generally favourable side-effect profile, may lead to insufficient response and might provoke side effects in monotherapy. We report the case of four patients in whom we observed a distinct clinical improvement with respect to positive and negative symptoms without major side effects under a combination of clozapine and aripiprazole. The combination of clozapine action and aripiprazole-mediated D₂ receptor regulation could be responsible for the described favourable effects and for the increase of D₂ receptor blockade after adding aripiprazole to clozapine observed in one patient. A combination of clozapine and aripiprazole may be an effective therapeutic strategy for some schizophrenic patients, leading to a good response with respect to positive and negative symptoms without the occurrence of major side effects.     

Effect of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid use on relapse in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia receiving clozapine: A 1-year retrospective cohort study

Introduction

No study has investigated the impact of smoking habits and concomitant valproic acid (VPA) use on clinical outcomes in maintenance treatment with clozapine. Thus, we aimed to examine the effect of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use on relapse during the first year after discharge in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) receiving clozapine.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients with TRS who were initiated on clozapine during hospitalization and discharged between April 2012 and January 2021 in two tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Relapse was defined as rehospitalization due to psychiatric exacerbation during the first year after discharge. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use on relapse. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to examine potential interactions between smoking habits and concomitant VPA use.

Results

Among the included 192 patients, 69 (35.9%) met the criteria of relapse. While smoking habits (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–4.01; p < 0.01) independently increased the risk of relapse, a significant interaction for relapse risk was found between smoking habits and concomitant VPA use (p-interaction = 0.015). Concomitant VPA use may be an effective modifier of the increased relapse risk associated with smoking habits. Among patients who smoked, those using VPA concomitantly exhibited a higher risk of relapse (aHR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.68–16.9; p < 0.01) than those not using VPA (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.73–2.70; p = 0.30).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the combination of smoking habits and concomitant VPA use may increase the risk of relapse after discharge. Future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings, such as a decrease in clozapine blood levels.     

阿立哌唑治疗难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨阿立哌唑治疗门诊难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性。方法:204例入组患者符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症的诊断标准,且符合难治性精神分裂症的标准。所有患者接受为期8周的阿立哌唑开放性治疗,在基线、治疗2、4和8周采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑治疗4周开始起效,治疗8周,有效率为55.4%。治疗4和8周,患者PANSS总分减分率有统计学意义(t=2.44,P<0.05;t=3.61,P<0.01),PANSS阳性分减分率有统计学意义(t=3.53,P<0.05;t=3.89,P<0.01),PANSS阴性分减分率有统计学意义(t=3.19,P<0.05;t=4.02,P<0.01)。主要不良反应为焦虑、头晕头痛、失眠、恶心呕吐、嗜睡等。结论:阿立哌唑对于难治性精神分裂症患者的治疗具有一定的疗效,不良反应少,耐受性较好。     

奥氮平联合氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效观察

目的：观察奥氮平联合氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法：50例难治性精神分裂症患者随机分为合用药组和单用药组各25例。合用药组给予奥氮平合并小剂量氯氮平治疗,单用药组仅给予奥氮平治疗。疗程12周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）于治疗前及治疗4、8、12周分别评定疗效和不良反应。结果：治疗后两组PANSS总分、阳性症状及阴性症状分均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,以合用药组显著低于单用药组（P〈0.05）。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：奥氮平联合氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效好,不良反应少且依从性好。     

Cost-effectiveness of clozapine treatment in therapy-refractory schizophrenia

The costs and effects of clozapine treatment of refractory schizophrenic patients have been discussed recently. This study shows that 18 months of clozapine treatment results in an improvement of symptoms and social functioning in approximately 70% of treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients, compared with treatment with conventional neuroleptics during a similar period of time. Treatment with clozapine reduces the cost of inpatient care but places increased demands on active rehabilitation resources in outpatient care. This leads to increased total costs in a short-term perspective, but clozapine treatment is cost-saving for annual maintenance therapy. These costs must be weighed against the positive effects on psychotic symptoms and social functioning.