款冬花不同提取物对豚鼠离体回肠收缩作用的研究

目的研究比较款冬花各个不同提取物对豚鼠离体回肠收缩的作用。方法通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯、CO2超临界萃取等方法制备款冬花多个提取物,将离体豚鼠回肠悬吊于克-亨试液中,观察给药后豚鼠回肠的收缩作用,计算豚鼠回肠收缩幅度抑制率。结果款冬花各个不同提取物均能降低组胺引起的豚鼠离体回肠收缩幅度。结论款冬花各个提取物能明显抑制豚鼠回肠收缩运动。     

款冬花不同提取物对豚鼠离体回肠收缩作用的研究

目的 研究比较款冬花各个不同提取物对豚鼠离体回肠收缩的作用。方法 通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯、CO2超临界萃取等方法制备款冬花多个提取物,将离体豚鼠回肠悬吊于克-亨试液中,观察给药后豚鼠回肠的收缩作用,计算豚鼠回肠收缩幅度抑制率。结果 款冬花各个不同提取物均能降低组胺引起的豚鼠离体回肠收缩幅度。结论 款冬花各个提取物能明显抑制豚鼠回肠收缩运动。     

连钱草乙醇提取物对豚鼠离体肠平滑肌和小鼠肠运动功能的影响

目的:观察连钱草乙醇提取物对小鼠小肠推进运动、药物性腹泻小鼠模型和豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌收缩的影响,探讨其作用机理.方法:采用在体方法观察连钱草乙醇提取物对小鼠小肠推进功能的影响,采用离体方法观察连钱草乙醇提取物对豚鼠回肠平滑肌运动功能的影响.结果:连钱草乙醇提取物能够显著抑制小鼠小肠炭末推进率(P＜0.01),缓解大黄所致小鼠腹泻 (P＜0.01),对抗新斯的明所致的肠蠕动亢进 (P＜0.01).抑制豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌收缩(P＜0.01),拮抗乙酰胆碱、组胺、氯化钡对离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌的激动作用(P＜0.01).结论:连钱草乙醇提取物具有抑制肠蠕动作用,这种作用可能由胃肠道的胆碱能受体和组胺受体介导,或直接作用于回肠平滑肌细胞.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对豚鼠离体回肠/结肠的解痉作用

目的　研究盐酸戊乙奎醚 (PHC)对豚鼠离体回肠 /结肠肌条的抑制收缩作用。方法　将豚鼠离体回肠 /结肠条悬吊于麦氏浴槽中 ,测量给药PHC后豚鼠离体肌条自主收缩及乙酰胆碱 (Ach)所致痉挛收缩的最大张力 ,计算抑制 5.0 %收缩的PHC的浓度。结果　PHC对豚鼠离体回肠 /结肠肌条的自主收缩有明显抑制作用 ,对乙酰胆碱 (Ach)所致的痉挛性收缩有明显的松弛作用。结论　PHC能有效地缓解离体回肠 /结肠的痉挛状态。     

新型β_2激动剂SPFF对豚鼠气道的扩张作用研究

目的考察SPFF对组胺和乙酰胆碱所致气管收缩的抑制作用。方法离体豚鼠气管条和豚鼠引喘试验。结果SPFF可完全抑制组胺所引起的气管收缩作用 ,但不能完全抑制乙酰胆碱所引起的气管收缩。SPFF灌胃给药时对由于组胺和乙酰胆碱混合喷雾所引起的豚鼠喘息具有显著的保护作用 ,其作用强于同剂量的沙丁胺醇。结论SPFF对豚鼠气管具有显著的扩张作用     

蛇床子素对豚鼠离体回肠和结肠带的作用

以豚鼠离体回肠和结肠带为标本,观察蛇床子素(Ost)的作用与Ca²⁺)的关系。结果表明:Ost和钙拮抗剂Ver产生剂量依赖性抑制乙酰胆碱(ACh)、组胺及KCl所致回肠条或结肠带的收缩;非竞争性拮抗CaCl₂累积量—效曲线,pD₂分别为4.41±0.15,7.0±0.2。Ost 100μmol/L和Ver 1μmol/L均能对抗小剂量Ca²⁺所致结肠带收缩,但被加入较大量Ca²⁺所取消。Ost和Ver均能抑制ACh诱导的依内钙性收缩,不影响依外钙性收缩。结果提示Ost具有钙拮抗作用,其作用方式与Ver类似。     

二苯氰胂对豚鼠回肠纵肌和蛙坐骨神经腓肠肌的作用

目的　第二次世界大战后 ,日本在我国遗留大量的二苯氰胂 (DC) ,为了销毁日本遗弃化学武器和制定相应的环境标准 ,本研究通过DC对离体豚鼠回肠纵肌和蛙坐骨神经腓肠肌的毒性作用 ,对DC的毒性作用方式和作用机制进行初步研究。方法①DC对离体豚鼠回肠纵肌的毒性作用。豚鼠体重为 30 0～ 4 5 0g ,♀♂各半。豚鼠回肠纵肌标本的制备与常规相同。每只豚鼠制取纵肌标本 2条 ,用累积给药法 ,测得DC对标本的作用强度 ,并通过 : DC抑制电刺激回肠引起纵肌收缩后 ,加入肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱 ; 当纵肌收缩抑制到 80 %时 ,加入乙酰胆碱 ; 先加乙酰胆碱 ,当电刺激回肠纵肌收缩恢复到正常时 ,加入DC ,当纵肌收缩到 80 %时 ,再加入 2倍剂量的乙酰胆碱。②DC对蛙坐骨神经腓肠肌的毒性作用。实验动物为蟾蜍。坐骨神经腓肠肌标本的制备与常规相同。给药方式 :把药液加在大小厚薄相等的棉条上 ,容量为 0 .1mL ,覆盖坐骨神经。结果　①DC抑制电刺激离体豚鼠回肠纵肌收缩作用的ED50 值为 734(971～ 4 98)nmol;②肾上腺素不能抑制DC对豚鼠回肠纵肌的作用 ,乙酰胆碱可以抑制DC对豚鼠回肠纵肌的作用 ;低浓度的乙酰胆碱可以抑制DC对豚鼠回肠纵肌的作用 ;先加入乙酰胆碱 ,乙酰胆碱可促进豚鼠回肠纵肌的收缩。当纵肌收缩恢复正常后 ,     

胸腺免疫抑制提取物对豚鼠支气管平滑肌的影响

目的:研究胸腺免疫抑制提取物(TISE)对正常及致敏豚鼠支气管收缩的影响及平喘作用。方法:通过离体和整体实验,观察TISE对组胺和乙酰胆碱引起正常豚鼠支气管的收缩和以卵白蛋白诱发的致敏豚鼠支气管收缩的影响。结果:离体实验,TISE760,380mg·L~(-1)对组胺致正常豚鼠气管片的收缩具有对抗作用,对卵白蛋白所致的致敏豚鼠支气管平湍肌收缩有极显著的抑制作用(P<0.01)。     

6种苦豆子类生物碱对炎症介质组胺的影响

目的 研究6种苦豆子类生物碱对炎症介质组胺的影响，来探讨它们抗炎、免疫调节作用的机理。方法 用离体实验方法研究6种苦豆子类生物碱对炎症介质组胺引起的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌和离体回肠收缩的影响。结果 除氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱外，其余4种苦豆子生物碱对组胺引起的离体豚鼠气管平滑肌收缩均有一定的抑制作用。除氧化槐定碱外，其余5种苦豆子生物碱对炎症介质组胺引起的离体豚鼠回肠收缩有较强的舒张作用，并且作用强度均呈现良好的剂量一效应关系。结论 6种苦豆子生物碱对炎症介质组胺均有不同程度的抑制作用。苦参碱、槐定碱和槐果碱的抗炎、免疫作用可能与其直接抑制炎症介质组胺与H1受体的结合有关。     

鬼见羽70%醇提取物对速发型和迟发型变态反应抑制作用的实验研究

目的 探讨鬼见羽(EAL)70％醇提取物对速发型和迟发型变态反应(DTH)早期相和晚期相的抑制作用和机制。方法 分别将鬼见羽醇提取物与大鼠腹腔肥大细胞或离体豚鼠回肠预温孵化,观察其对compound 48/80诱导肥大细胞释放组胺(荧光法)及5-HT诱导豚鼠回肠收缩的影响;对SRBC和PC诱发的小鼠DTH模型,将其醇提取物及总黄烷于抗原攻击后给药,观察其对DTH效应。结果 鬼见羽醇提取物能显著抑制大鼠腹腔肥大细胞释放,对5-HT所致豚鼠回肠收缩也具有抑制作用;能抑制DTH效应(早、晚期),且对晚期反应强于早期反应。结论 鬼见羽甾体成分和黄烷成分能稳定肥大细胞膜,减少组胺、5-HT等过敏介质的释放而抑制速发型变态反应及DTH效应,其总黄烷成分是其抑制DTH的有效成分。     

Magnolol and honokiol account for the anti-spasmodic effect of Magnolia officinalis in isolated guinea pig ileum

Magnolia officinalis is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treating gastrointestinal disorders. HPLC quantification analysis revealed that magnolol and honokiol were the most abundant constituents of M. officinalis extracts, with their contents in the ethanol extract being the highest, the water extract the least and the 50 % ethanol extract in between. In guinea pig isolated ileum, both magnolol and honokiol inhibited contraction to acetylcholine. The herbal extracts also produced inhibitory responses, in an order of decreasing efficacy: ethanol extract > 50 % ethanol extract > water extract. The differences in inhibitory efficacies among the three extracts were similar to the differences in their magnolol and honokiol contents. Further examination demonstrated that two mixtures containing solely magnolol and honokiol at concentrations identical to those determined in the ethanol and water extracts exhibited similar levels of anti-spasmodic effects as their respective extracts while a "blank" ethanol extract free of magnolol and honokiol failed to produce any response. These observations suggest that the magnolol and honokiol contents account for the anti-spasmodic effects of M. officinalis extracts in guinea pig isolated ileum.     

地龙提取物柱层析各部位的平喘活性研究

目的：研究地龙提取物柱层析各部位的平喘活性。方法：采用乙酰胆碱组胺混合液和卵白蛋白分别致豚鼠哮喘发作,观察哮喘潜伏期。结果：5％～15％甲醇的乙酸乙酯洗脱部位可明显延长哮喘发作潜伏期,其他部位均无显著性意义。结论：5％～15％甲醇的乙酸乙酯洗脱部位是中药地龙平喘的主要活性部位。     

葛缕酮的气道扩张作用和呼吸道抗过敏作用

目的观察留兰香油中葛缕酮的气道扩张作用和对呼吸道介质的影响。方法用豚鼠药物引喘法、豚鼠离体气管片法、致敏豚鼠肺组织ＳＲＳ Ａ释放和拮抗ＳＲＳ Ａ、致敏豚鼠离体气管Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ Ｄａｌｅ反应法检测。结果葛缕酮对豚鼠药物性哮喘具有保护作用,灌胃给药延长５０％剂量为７６ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,气雾给药为６３ｇ·Ｌ－１;对豚鼠离体气管有直接松弛作用,ｐＤ２值为４２７±００８,并有抗氨甲酰胆碱作用;能抑制致敏豚鼠肺组织ＳＲＳ Ａ的释放,ＩＣ５０为１８ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,拮抗ＳＲＳ Ａ收缩回肠的ＩＣ５０为２７ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,并能抑制致敏豚鼠离体气管的Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ Ｄａｌｅ反应。结论葛缕酮具有气道扩张作用和呼吸道抗过敏作用。     

Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Rhizomes

The ethanol extract of Curculigo orchioides was evaluated for antiasthmatic activity by using various in vitro and in vivo animal models. In vitro models like isolated goat tracheal chain preparation and isolated guinea pig ileum preparation were studied to know basic mechanism by which extract shows relaxant activity. The study showed that extract is effective against histamine-induced contraction. In isolated goat tracheal chain preparation and isolated guinea pig ileum preparation extract exhibits maximum relaxant effect (p< 0.01) against histamine at concentrations 100μg/ml and 25μg/ml respectively. Animal studies involved use of histamine induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, egg albumin induced passive paw anaphylaxis in rats and haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. These studies showed significant (p< 0.01) protection at lower doses while further increase in the dose level showed reduced activity. Biochemical estimations in milk-induced total leukocytes count and milk-induced differential leukocyte count were also studied. In this study there was maximum increase in leucocytes and lymphocytes (99%) and maximum decrease in eosinophils up to 0% at dose 375mg/kg p.o. body weight was observed. The results of these studies indicated usefulness of ethanol extract of Curculigo orchioides in asthma.     

Smooth muscle stimulating substances in the stinging nettle tree Obetia pinnatifida

The fresh hairs of the stinging nettle tree, Obetia pinnatifida, contain histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and three other substances, not characterized. Stimulation of isolated guinea pig ileum by extracts of fresh Obetia pinnatifida hairs was attributed to both histamine and acetylcholine which are present in concentrations of 1000 and 75 μg/g, respectively. Histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin may contribute to this stinging sensation of these hairs.     

新疆沙枣提取物抗腹泻的初步药效学研究

目的:评价新疆沙枣提取物抗腹泻作用.方法:采用小鼠番泻叶致泻和毛果芸香碱致小鼠小肠运动亢进2种模型,观察沙枣的抗腹泻作用.小鼠随机分为4组:沙枣水提取物组、沙枣醇提取物组、阳性药思密达组、模型组.各组预防性给药,连续灌胃给予番泻叶或毛果芸香碱,观察各组小鼠的排便和炭粒推进情况.在离体豚鼠回肠上研究沙枣2种提取物对抗毛果芸香碱和磷酸组胺引起的收缩作用.结果:在番泻叶致泻中,沙枣提取物可使小鼠湿粪数明显减少,尤以醇提物明显;对毛果芸香碱致小鼠肠管炭粒推进有抑制作用.体外试验沙枣提取物对毛果芸香碱致肠管收缩有明显抑制作用,对磷酸组胺无抑制作用.结论:沙枣提取物有一定的止泻作用.     

The antispasmodic activity of Buddleja scordioides and Buddleja perfoliata on isolated intestinal preparations

The antispasmodic activity of extracts from the aerial parts of Buddleja scordioides and Buddleja perfoliata (family: Scrophulariaceae) was studied on isolated tissue preparations from rabbit and guinea pig intestine. The chloroformic extract from the plants exhibited a significant relaxation on the spontaneous contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum at concentrations ranging from 1 to 400 mug/ml, and also caused an inhibitory effect on both K(+) and Ca(2+) induced contractions in the same tissue. The extracts at moderate doses (50 mug/ml) reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine and histamine induced contractions on isolated guinea pig ileum. Therefore, B. scordioides and B. perfoliata possess similar relaxant mechanism of action, in view of the fact that both inhibit K(+) induce contraction and act through serotoninic, muscarinic and histaminic receptors. So, these data support the idea that the extracts may interfere either with calcium mobilization from intracellular stores, or with calcium interaction with regulatory proteins (e.g., calmodulin), or in other steps in the calcium signaling pathway. This leads us to suggest that the spasmolytic effect of both Buddleja species on smooth muscular contractility are due to the same or similar compounds occurring in these two species, which might be present in similar quantities.     

Further studies on the effects of disodium cromoglycate on guinea pig ileum

Transmural electrical stimulation was carried out on innervated strips of the longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) inhibited the electrically induced contractions. Five minutes later, prostaglandin E2 (2.5 ng/ml) was added to the bath and it reversed the action of DSCG. Furthermore, DSCG inhibits significantly the guinea pig ileum contractions induced by nicotine and also those induced by histamine and acetylcholine on ileum denervated by cooling. These results suggest that DSCG effects on guinea pig ileum contraction are mediated by membrane-stabilizing properties of this drug on smooth muscle fibres as well as on myenteric plexus.