小儿下消化道出血93例肠镜分析

目的探讨小儿便血的病因,肠镜检查及内镜下治疗.方法对93例便血儿童行肠镜检查,分析出血原因及息肉的内镜治疗.结果 93例中检出大肠疾病75例(80.6%):其中大肠息肉56例(60.2%),其他疾病19例(20.5%),高频电切除息肉41例.结论肠镜检查是便血儿童的首选检查方法,大肠息肉是引起儿童便血的主要原因,在肠镜下切除息肉可达止血和根治病因的目的,且安全可靠.对肠镜未能明确出血原因者,应作其他检查.     

成人电子肠镜治疗少儿大肠息肉的多因素分析

目的探讨成人型电子肠镜下高频电凝切除和热活检钳夹除少儿大肠息肉的疗效。方法应用成人型电子肠镜对少儿大肠息肉92例112枚用高频电凝切除,直径〈5mm用热活检钳夹除,全部病例均治愈,未发生严重并发症。结果少儿大肠息肉多为单发,好发年龄10岁以内,且临床多有便血,好发部位在直肠和乙状结肠,病理分型以炎性息肉和幼年性息肉为主。结论成人型电子肠镜下高频电切和热活检钳夹除少儿大肠息肉,方法简单,安全可靠、经济,患儿痛苦少。     

电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色在诊断大肠息肉中的临床应用

目的:探讨电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色在判断大肠息肉性质中的临床应用价值.方法:对146例大肠息肉患者进行电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色检查,比较单用电子肠镜与加用靛胭脂黏膜染色对鉴别大肠息肉性质的准确率.结果:电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色检查鉴别大肠腺瘤性息肉与非腺瘤性息肉的准确率(电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色在诊断大肠息肉中的临床应用85%)显著高于单用电子肠镜检查的准确率(70.5%),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).电子肠镜的敏感度70.6%、特异度56.3%;电子肠镜结合靛胭脂黏膜染色的敏感度85.3%、特异度84.5%,以上两组比较差异均有统计学意义,均P＜0.01.结论:在行电子肠镜检查时结合靛胭脂黏膜染色可明显提高判断大肠息肉性质的准确率,对下一步处理方式的选择有较高的实用价值.     

电子大肠镜下高频电凝摘除大肠息肉的应用

目的：探讨了电子大肠镜下高频电凝摘除大肠息肉的临床应用价值,方法：应用Olympus CF-240Ⅰ电子大肠镜及OlympusUS-20Ⅰ高频电凝电切仪,于常规准备后行高频电凝摘除直径0．5cm以上大肠息肉,回收息肉行全瘤病理检查,结果：用该法摘除大肠息肉患者40例,共63颗息肉,疗效好,息肉全瘤病理检查表明大肠息肉以肿瘤息息肉为主,并且癌变,结论：在电子大肠镜清晰放大的视野下,行高频电凝除息肉术具有安全、简单、准确、快速、疗效确切、无痛苦和并发症低及息肉回收率高的优点,是一种极为可靠治疗大肠息肉的方法,息肉病理检查显示腺瘤－癌的因果关系。     

大肠息肉的内镜下表现与病理分析

目的探讨大肠息肉的好发年龄、肠镜下表现和病理特征。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年1月因腹泻、腹痛、腹部不适等症状于北京朝阳医院内镜中心接受电子结肠镜检查的4800例患者,其中发现大肠息肉者590例。对此590例大肠息肉患者的内镜资料和病理检查结果进行分析。结果肠镜检查大肠息肉的检出率为12.3%(590/4800),其中单发息肉430例(8.96%),多发息肉160例(3.33%),共1128枚息肉。患者年龄8~90岁,平均(48.6±10.3)岁,其中﹥50岁者375例(63.6%)。1128枚息肉中有730枚(64.7%)发生于直肠和乙状结肠;大肠息肉直径﹥2cm有88枚,其中有51枚发生了癌变,癌变率为58%。病理检查:1128枚息肉中716枚为腺瘤性息肉,占63.5%,其中有95枚为癌变息肉,息肉癌变率为8.4%(95/1128)。结论肠镜检查患者中大肠息肉的检出率为12.3%;50岁以上为大肠息肉的好发年龄;好发部位是直肠和乙状结肠;大肠息肉﹥2.0cm者癌变率高;大肠息肉病理多表现为腺瘤性息肉,息肉体积大、绒毛成分含量高及不典型增生重者容易癌变。对年龄超过50岁者建议做肠镜检查,病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉者应给予肠镜下切除治疗。     

电子肠镜下高频电凝电切圈套治疗大肠息肉的效果分析

目的:探讨电子肠镜下高频电凝电切圈套治疗大肠息肉的效果。方法:选择肠镜下治疗的154例大肠息肉患者,采取电子肠镜下高频电凝电切圈套的方式进行治疗;观察患者的息肉分布、病理分型及并发症情况。结果:154例患者共发现208枚大肠息肉,全部切除成功。大肠息肉多发生于乙状结肠,患者存在多部位大肠息肉;腺瘤性息肉占多数,腺瘤性息肉中管状腺瘤占多数;术中出血8例,出血发生率5.19%。结论:电子肠镜下高频电凝电切圈套治疗大肠息肉的效果显著,安全高效,并发症较少。     

Endoscopic presentation and pathological analysis of colorectal polyps

目的 探讨大肠息肉的好发年龄、肠镜下表现和病理特征.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年1月因腹泻、腹痛、腹部不适等症状于北京朝阳医院内镜中心接受电子结肠镜检查的4800例患者,其中发现大肠息肉者590例.对此590例大肠息肉患者的内镜资料和病理检查结果进行分析.结果 肠镜检查大肠息肉的检出率为12.3％ (590/4800),其中单发息肉430例(8.96％),多发息肉160例(3.33％),共1128枚息肉.患者年龄8～90岁,平均(48.6±10.3)岁,其中＞50岁者375例(63.6％).1128枚息肉中有730枚(64.7％)发生于直肠和乙状结肠;大肠息肉直径＞ 2cm有88枚,其中有51枚发生了癌变,癌变率为58％.病理检查:1128枚息肉中716枚为腺瘤性息肉,占63.5％,其中有95枚为癌变息肉,息肉癌变率为8.4％(95/1128).结论 肠镜检查患者中大肠息肉的检出率为12.3％;50岁以上为大肠息肉的好发年龄;好发部位是直肠和乙状结肠;大肠息肉＞ 2.0 cm者癌变率高;大肠息肉病理多表现为腺瘤性息肉,息肉体积大、绒毛成分含量高及不典型增生重者容易癌变.对年龄超过50岁者建议做肠镜检查,病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉者应给予肠镜下切除治疗.     

721例无痛肠镜检查结果分析

目的探讨无痛肠镜检查的优点。方法对本院2004年8月至2006年11月721例无痛肠镜术的结果进行统计分析。结果全部患者术中无知晓，术后无痛苦回忆；对检查过程满意度高。其中成功进镜到回盲部659例（91.4%）。正常的424例（58.4%），大肠癌52例（7.2%）；结肠炎54例（7.4%）；大肠息肉138例（19.1%）；结肠憩室4例（0.6%）；肠镜下高频电息肉摘除术17例（2.3%）。无痛肠镜操作的成功率及大肠息肉的发现率明显高于普通肠镜检查（P〈0.01）。结论无痛肠镜可提高肠镜可检查的成功率，有利于大肠息肉等癌前病变及早期癌的发现，提高大肠肿瘤的治疗效果及病人的生存质量。     

内镜下高频电凝电切术治疗大肠息肉护理体会

目的总结经电子肠镜高频电切术治疗大肠息肉的临床护理体会。高频电切术主要是高频电发生器利用高频电流通过人体时产生的热效应,使组织凝固、坏死、以达到息肉切除、止血等治疗目的。方法 2009年1月-2012年2月,行电子结肠镜检查1680例,共收治大肠息肉106例,对大肠镜检查发现的大肠息肉行高频电凝电切术,介绍其治疗方法和配合要点。结果镜下治疗大肠息肉106例,118颗,成功回收113颗行病理检查,所有病例均一次成功,无穿孔大出血等并发症。结论大肠息肉是大肠癌前期病变,且息肉常呈多部位、多发性,全结肠镜检查是发现息肉的最好方法,同时也是治疗息肉的最佳手段。镜下注射与高频电凝电切治疗大肠息肉是一种痛苦小、疗效好、并发症少的治疗技术,治疗过程中因人而异实施针对性护理,与医生密切配合,是高频电凝电切治疗成功的必要条件。     

大肠巨大息肉采用内镜下治疗的疗效

目的探讨应用内镜治疗大肠巨大息肉的临床疗效及安全性。方法对我院2010年3月-2012年3月期间行电子肠镜检查发现的116例患者的124枚大肠巨大息肉进行内镜下治疗,将切除病变取出送病理检查,术后电子肠镜随访。结果本组116例病例共124枚息肉,带蒂息肉84例,其中62例经圈套器直接套扎切除,22例经圈套器分次套扎切除,切除标本病理检查后发现癌变者4例,后追加行根治术。无蒂息肉32例,其中有25例经圈套器直接套扎切除,另7例使用注射针在息肉基底部注射生理盐水后切除,切除标本病理检查后发现癌变者2例,后追加行根治术。本组病例术后复查电子肠镜,4例复发或出现新生息肉予以再次电切,未发现癌变病例。本组病例术中出血者8例,经电凝术或喷洒注射止血药后止血成功,无术后迟发型出血者。术后病理诊断腺瘤样息肉恶变者6枚,癌变率为4.8%。结论内镜下治疗大肠巨大息肉是一种简单、安全有效的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.