老年直肠癌局部复发或残留的再手术治疗

老年直肠癌占大肠癌总数的１０%～１７%。我们１９８７年～１９９９年共行老年直肠癌切除术１８３例,其中有复发或残留４７例,接受再手术２８例,占同期施行老年直肠癌切除术的１５．３０%（２８／１８３）。本文对直肠癌患者再次手术的适应症和手术方式进行探讨,现报道如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组男性１８例,女性１０例,年龄６０～８５岁,平均６８岁。首次手术至复发或残留诊断时间,１年内７例,１～２年５例,２年以上１６例。再次手术后５年生存率为２８．７０%（８／２８）;３年生存率为６７．８６%（１９／２８）;１年生存率为７…     

腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治术保留盆自主神经的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治术经"Holy plane"间隙保留盆自主神经的疗效.方法:把实施了经"Holy plane"间隙保留盆自主神经中低位直肠癌根治术的69例老年男性患者分为两组.观察组采用腹腔镜手术,对照组采用常规开腹手术.两组均采用全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME).对两组患者的手术时间,术中出血量、术后排尿功能、性功能,局部复发率及5年生存率进行回顾性总结和比较.结果:观察组手术时间明显延长,术中出血量明显少于对照组,两组患者术后排尿功能及性功能障碍的比较均无显著性差异,术后3年患者局部复发率及5年生存率比较无显著性差异.结论:腹腔镜经"Holy plane"间隙保留盆自主神经的中低位直肠癌根治术具有微创优势.在神经保护方面,可以达到与开腹手术相近的手术效果.二者在局部复发率及5年生存率上无明显差异.     

根治性全盆脏器切除术治疗局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的临床研究

目的：探讨根治性全盆脏器切除术治疗局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的效果。方法：对44例局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的临床、病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：根治性全盆腔脏器切除术30例、姑息性切除术14例。结肠造瘘术39例,回肠代膀胱术21例,输尿管腹壁造瘘术23例。盆底腔隙采用膀胱脏层腹膜修复39例、双侧腹膜修复3例、带蒂大网膜填充1例、回肠末段填充1例。围手术期死亡率23％,总体并发症发生率50.0％。根治性和姑息性全盆脏器切除术后5年生存率分别为53.3％和0％。结论：根治性全盆腔器官切除术是提高局部晚期／复发性直肠癌病灶整块切除率、降低局部复发率、延长生存期的理想术式。     

直肠癌手术加术中放疗和单纯手术的疗效比较

目的 :探讨手术合并术中放疗对直肠癌的疗效。方法 :97例直肠癌患者在手术切除病灶后 ,用 9～16MeV电子线照射瘤床及周围淋巴引流区 ,照射剂量在 10～ 3 0Gy之间。并与单纯手术组 12 2例进行同期对照。结果 :DukesA期直肠癌手术加术中放疗对五年局部复发率和生存率无影响 ,DukesB期较单纯手术组三年、五年局部复发率分别下降 19%、2 0 .2 % ,三年、五年生存率分别提高 19.9%、2 7.2 % (P <0 .0 1) ;DukesC期较单纯手术组三年、五年局部复发率分别下降 2 8.8%、2 6.7% ,三年、五年生存率则分别提高 2 2 .2 %、3 2 .9% (P <0 .0 5) ;DukesD期患者较单纯手术组五年局部复发率虽下降 2 6.0 % ,但无统计学意义 ,五年生存率未见提高。术中放疗有可能增加粘连性肠梗阻的发生 ,无其他严重并发症。结论 :手术结合术中放疗能提高DukesB期、C期直肠癌的三年、五年生存率同时减少局部复发率     

低位直肠癌前切除术中吻合器的应用价值(附420例病例报告)

背景与目的：中同直肠癌的发病率逐年上升，如何提高患者的生存率及术中保肌是目前探讨的热点话题本研究旨在探讨直肠系膜全切除术（TME）及吻合器在低位直肠癌保肌手术中的作用、方法：回顾性分析邯郸市中心医院2000--2006年间420例低位直肠癌患者用吻合器行直肠癌前切除术的临床资料结果：全组手术进行顺利，无手术相关死亡，术后局部复发17例．占手术病例总数的4％。1年生存率为100％，5年生存率为63.1％。结论：低位直肠痛保肛手术中行TME及应用吻合器可明显降低局部复发率及提高患者生存率.     

再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素

目的 探讨再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析94例结直肠癌肝转移复发患者临床相关资料,其中38例行再次肝切除术(观察组),其他56例进行内科化疗(对照组).结果 分别进行再次手术和化疗后,结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的1、3、5年生存率观察组为81.6%、52.6%和31.6%;对照组为62.5%、21.4%、7.1%,观察组患者生存率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).针对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者再次切除术的预后可能影响因素进行分析,其中癌直径大小、复发转移灶个数、切缘情况与患者5年生存率有关(P<0.05).术后并发症发生率为28.9%,均经过对症处理可耐受.结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移复发患者,再次肝切除术能提高远期疗效,对于癌直径较小、复发转移灶个数少、切缘阳性的患者效果更好.     

C2期直肠癌术后放疗临床分析

目的分析C2期直肠癌术后放疗的效果,提供今后工作参考.方法回顾分析C2期直肠癌单纯手术和术后配合放疗的病例的生存率和复发率.结果C2期直肠癌术后放疗患者的3,5年生存率分别为51.9%和40.7%比单纯手术提高(31.0%和14.3%)二者有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后放疗组局部复发率3,5年为18.5%和37.0%,比手术组低(52.4%和71.4%).结论C2期直肠癌患者术后配合放疗可提高生存率及控制复发或转移.但要进一步提高生存率或控制复发、转移还应采用综合治疗的方案.     

直肠癌术后复发再手术治疗的临床分析

直肠癌术后局部复发率为5%～20%,局部复发是影响生存率的重要原因.我们总结分析我科收治的直肠癌手术后局部复发的再次手术治疗病例,现报告如下.     

直肠癌术后盆内骶前手术间隙灌注式化疗疗效探讨

目的 : 探索预防直肠癌术后盆内局部复发的新途径 . 方法 : 对我院 43例直肠癌切除术后病人采用盆内骶前手术间隙灌注式化疗新方法 , 术中盆内骶前手术间隙置管 , 术后连续 3天经该管生理盐水冲洗 , 术后 7天灌注 5- 氟尿嘧啶进行盆内手术间隙化疗 . 结果 : 43例无手术死亡 . 术后随访 6～ 65月 , 局部复发 4例 ( 9.3% ) , 肝转移 6例 ( 13.9% ) , 腹膜后淋巴转移 3例 ( 6.9% ) ,生存 5年 31例 , 5年生存率为 75.5% . 治疗引起的不良反应及术后并发症包括 : 白细胞减少 1例 , 恶心呕吐 2例 , 腹部伤口感染 1例、会阴伤口感染 2例 , 拖出肠段坏死 1例 . 无吻合口瘘、盆内大出血、盆内感染等严重局部并发症 . 结论 : 本法操作简单 , 应用方便 , 具有高选择性区域化疗特点 , 全身不良反应小 , 无严重局部并发症 , 局部复发率低 , 5年生存率较高 , 具有较好的预防局部复发效果 , 可望成为直肠癌切除术后防治局部复发的辅助化疗新途径 .     

直肠癌术后局部复发再程治疗的疗效观察

直肠癌术后复发率高达 30 %以上 ,多在 2年内发生 ,是影响患者长期生存的主要因素。因此 ,探讨如何治疗复发性直肠癌成为目前的一个研究热点。现收集我院 1990年 4月— 1998年 4月收治直肠癌术后局部复发、无远处转移病例5 6例 ,采用不同的治疗方法观察其疗效 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料5 6例中 ,手术组 2 8例 ,其中男性 2 1例 ,女性 7例 ,年龄 2 8岁～ 6 4岁。放疗组 2 8例 ,其中男性 2 0例 ,女性 8例 ,年龄 34岁～ 78岁。其临床资料见表 1。表 1　 5 6例直肠癌局部复发　　患者临床资料项目手术组放疗组首次术式 (例 ) Dix…     

Pelvic exenteration and composite sacral resection in the surgical treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer

BackgroundThe incidence of rectal cancer recurrence after surgery is 5–45%. Extended pelvic resection which entails En-bloc resection of the tumor and adjacent involved organs provides the only true possible curative option for patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.AimTo evaluate the surgical and oncological outcome of such treatment.Patients and methodsBetween 2006 and 2012 a consecutive series of 40 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer underwent abdominosacral resection (ASR) in 18 patients, total pelvic exenteration with sacral resection in 10 patients and extended pelvic exenteration in 12 patients. Patients with sacral resection were 28, with the level of sacral division at S2–3 interface in 10 patients, at S3–4 in 15 patients and S4–5 in 3 patients.ResultsForty patients, male to female ratio 1.7:1, median age 45 years (range 25–65 years) underwent extended pelvic resection in the form of pelvic exenteration and abdominosacral resection. Morbidity, re-admission and mortality rates were 55%, 37.5%, and 5%, respectively. Mortality occurred in 2 patients due to perineal flap sepsis and massive myocardial infarction. A R0 and R1 sacral resection were achieved in 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 22.6% and the 4-year recurrence free survival was 31.8%.ConclusionExtended pelvic resection as pelvic exenteration and sacral resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer are effective procedures with tolerable mortality rate and acceptable outcome. The associated morbidity remains high and deserves vigilant follow up.     

后盆脏器切除带蒂乙状结肠阴道修复术治疗女性直肠癌

  目的   探讨女性后盆腔脏器切除术后盆底结构重建的方法和意义。   方法   1996年3月至2009年1月重庆市肿瘤研究所行女性后盆腔脏器切除术（posterior pelvic exenteration）49例,其中采用移植带血管蒂乙状结肠作阴道成形,并以大网膜充填骶前间隙,一期缝合会阴切口34例。   结果   再造阴道可容两指,长度8~9 cm,壁光滑、柔软、润泽,形体位置与原阴道相近。患者性生活无障碍,膀胱功能良好,无排尿困难。   结论   本术式弥补了直肠癌后盆切除术盆底结构缺损处理困难的缺陷,保留患者的性功能,提高了患者术后生存质量。      

Total pelvic exenteration for primary and locally recurrent rectal cancer

Thirteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the lower colon and no evidence of extrapelvic metastasis were submitted to total pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion. The operative mortality rate was 7.7%. Determinate 5-year survival rate of 40% was achieved. Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Six patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions had pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. This procedure seems a reasonable treatment for palliation and the chance of cure in selected patients. CT examination of the pelvis is very valuable for the early detection and localization of recurrence.     

Sphincter-preserving extended resection for locally advanced rectosigmoid carcinoma involving the urinary bladder.

Radical en bloc resection has gained acceptance in the management of locally advanced colorectal carcinoma. Total pelvic exenteration has been advocated as treatment for rectosigmoid cancers involving adjacent genitourinary structures. We report a series of 10 patients who underwent total cystectomy with en bloc segmental colorectal resection and restoration of intestinal continuity. All margins, including the distal colorectal margin of resection, were pathologically uninvolved by tumor. The median follow-up on these patients was 44 months and the mean survival was 42.5 months. The local recurrence rate (20%) and survival rates are comparable to those in reports describing pelvic exenteration for colorectal cancer. Our patients had normal postoperative bowel function. An extended colorectal resection, including a total cystectomy with rectal sphincter preservation, is occasionally possible when tumor-negative resection margins can be achieved. By restoring intestinal continuity, such an operation provides an improved quality of life, and more importantly, fulfills the criteria for an oncologically sound operation.     

Management of advanced pelvic cancer by exenteration.

AIM: To describe our results in managing locally advanced primary or recurrent pelvic malignancies. METHOD: Investigations included: clinical, laboratory, endoscopic (rectoscopy and colonoscopy) examinations, ultrasound scan, and CT scan or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis, to determine the extent of the pelvic malignancy. A careful explorative laparatomy of abdomen and pelvis was performed, followed by anterior, posterior or total pelvic exenteration. RESULTS: In the period June 1995-Jan 2002, 7 anterior, 2 posterior and 51 total pelvic exenterations were performed in 60 patients, distributed as follows: 28 for rectal cancer (12 primary, 16 recurrent), 20 for cervical cancer (9 primary, 11 recurrent) and 12 for other pelvic malignancies. The median survival time and overall 5-year survival rates were as follows: primary rectal cancer--50 months and 32%; recurrent rectal cancer--31 months and 17%; primary cervical cancer--46.4 months and 41% and recurrent cervical cancer--23.4 months and 16%. During the same period, 559 of our patients were treated for primary or recurrent rectal cancer by different types of straightforward resection. CONCLUSION: Pelvic exenteration is justifiable in cases of locally advanced primary and recurrent malignancies of rectum, cervical cancer and possibly in cases of other pelvic malignancies.     

Clinical outcome of pelvic exenteration in patients with advanced or recurrent uterine cervical cancer

Background

Pelvic exenteration has attained an important role in the treatment of advanced or recurrent cervical cancer for obtaining a complete cure or longer disease-free survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients undergoing pelvic exenteration and to determine the clinical features associated with outcome and survival.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the records of 12 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for uterine cervical cancer between July 2002 and August 2011.

Results

Two patients had primary stage IVA cervical adenocarcinoma and 10 patients had recurrent cervical cancer. Eight patients underwent anterior pelvic exenteration, 3 patients underwent total pelvic exenteration, and 1 patient underwent posterior pelvic exenteration. With a median duration of follow-up of 22 months (range 3–116 months), 5 patients were alive without recurrence. Of 5 patients with no evidence of disease, 4 were recurrent or residual tumor, all of whom had common factors, such as a tumor size ≤30 mm, negative surgical margins, complete resection, and no lymph node involvement. The 5-year overall survival rate for 12 patients was 42.2 %. Ileus was the most common complication (42 %) and post-operative intestinal anastomosis leaks developed in 3 patients, but no ureteral anastomosis leaks occurred.

Conclusions

Pelvic exenteration is a feasible surgical procedure in advanced and/or recurrent cervical cancer patients with no associated post-operative mortality, and the only therapeutic option for complete cure or long-term survival; however, post-operative complications frequently occur.     

Pelvic exenteration for recurrent or persistent cervical cancer

Cervical cancer constitutes a major health problem in Mexico and other developing countries. The purpose of our study was to assess the experience of a comprehensive national oncological reference center on pelvic exenteration for post-radiotherapy recurrent or persistent cervical cancer, describing the prognostic value of time to recurrence, procedure complications, and survival. Medical records from 42 patients with post-radiotherapy recurrent or persistent cervical cancer who underwent a pelvic exenteration with curative purposes from 1984 to 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. Histological diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma (32 patients), adenosquamous carcinoma (9 patients), and adenocarcinoma (1 patient). Average follow up was of 56.3 mo after the procedure and global survival at 5 yr was 65.8%. Survival for patients with early recurrence was 56.9% vs 78% for patients with late recurrence (p=0.05). Complications were observed in 65.3% of the cases with a surgical mortality of 4.8%. Pelvic exenteration is a surgical procedure with high morbidity in spite of the recent medical advances. Pelvic exenteration should not be indicated with palliative purposes owing to the high rate of complications. Patients with tumor persistence or early recurrence have a worse prognosis. In well-selected cases, exenteration may provide a survival benefit.     

Intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with recurrent rectal and sigmoid colon cancer in previously irradiated fields.

A retrospective study evaluated 15 patients with pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer in a previously irradiated region who received intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as part of salvage therapy. Total prior external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) doses ranged from 45 to 79.2 Gy. Tumor resection was accomplished in 14 patients, with an exenteration performed in seven. IORT dose was 15-20 Gy. Three patients received additional EBRT as a post-operative course of 25.2 Gy in 14 fractions. Actuarial 3-year local control rate was 25%. The 3-year overall survival rate was 29%. Patients with fixed and/or bulky pelvic tumors had a local control rate of 19% at 12 months and median overall survival of 9 months. Patients with less extensive clinical presentations of anastomotic non-fixed transmural recurrence, isolated pelvic node metastasis and rectal recurrence following local excision had a local control rate of 42% at 36 months and median survival of 43 months. We conclude that clinical presentation of recurrent disease is an important prognostic factor. The value of IORT may be limited to patients with less extensive clinical presentations.     

Role of Pelvic Exenteration in the Management of Locally Advanced Primary and Recurrent Rectal Cancer

Aim

A review of a single-centre experience of pelvic exenteration as a treatment modality for patients with locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer. The perioperative outcomes, morbidity and long term oncological outcomes are reviewed.

Materials & Methods

Patients undergoing pelvic exenterations for recurrent and locally advanced rectal cancer between 1 January 2006 and 1 August 2012 were identified from a prospective database. All patients underwent pre-operative staging investigations with computed tomography (CT) scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with locally advanced primary rectal cancer were counselled for pre-operative chemoradiation. Structures such as the urinary bladder and female reproductive organs were resected en bloc where indicated with the lesion. Urological or plastic reconstructions were employed where indicated. The primary outcome measured was overall survival and secondary outcomes measured were time to local recurrence (LR) and systemic recurrence. Disease-free survival was examined by the Kaplan–Meier Method (Fig. 1).

Results

Pelvic exenterations were performed in 13 patients with a median age of 59 (range 26–81). The rate of major post-operative complications was 8 % (n?=?1), where the patient had anastomotic leakage. There were no mortalities in the perioperative period. All patients were operated with curative intent and negative circumferential margins were shown in 9 out of 13 patients (70 %). The DFS was 19.4 and the OS was 22.5 months.

Conclusion

An aggressive approach with en bloc resection of organs involved provides survival benefit to patients with locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer with an acceptable morbidity profile.