金对金全髋置换治疗中年患者晚期股骨头坏死疗效观察

[目的]探讨金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗中年患者晚期股骨头坏死近期疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2008年1月～2009年9月对行金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的33例(36髋)股骨头缺血性坏死中年患者,男18例,女15例;平均年龄52.82岁(45～59岁)。双髋同时置换3例,单髋置换27例。假体均采用Corin公司的Optimom金属对金属轴承全髋关节置换系统。[结果]33例患者术后平均随访22.6个月(18～30个月)。Harris评分由术前的平均44.3分(24～83分)提高至随访末期的93.2分(91～96分)。末次随访X线片显示假体位置良好,未发现髋臼和股骨假体的无菌性松动和骨溶解,无异位骨化形成。[结论]金属对金属全髋关节置换术对中年、晚期股骨头坏死患者的早期疗效满意。     

金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的近期疗效分析

目的 探讨金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的特点、手术适应证以及手术操作注意事项,分析其近期疗效.方法 2007年1月至2008年7月对行金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的55例(60髋)患者进行回顾性分析,男30例,女25例;平均年龄48.1岁(18～69岁).50岁以下33例,占60.0%.双髋同时置换5例,单髋置换50例.术前诊断:股骨头缺血性坏死31例,股骨颈骨折7例,髋关节骨性关节炎12例,强直性脊柱炎5例.所采用的Durom髋臼和MetasulLDH金属对金属大直径股骨头人工髋关节假体均为非骨水泥型. 结果 本组平均手术时间为70min(50～85 min),失血量平均750 mL(450～1120 mL),住院时间平均9.6 d(7～12 d).55例患者术后获3～19个月(平均8.7个月)随访.Harris评分由术前平均41分(15～82分)改善至术后94.7分(91～97分), 结果 评价均为优.X线片显示假体位置良好,无髋臼和股骨假体松动,均未见异位骨化形成. 结论 全髋关节置换术中使用大直径股骨头能减少术后脱位和关节磨损,并能增加人工关节活动度.金属对金属大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术是年轻、活动度要求高患者的较好选择.     

大直径股骨头金属-金属人工全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的探讨大直径股骨头金属-金属人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的中期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年4月—2010年6月收治并接受大直径金属-金属THA治疗40例(43髋)患者临床资料。其中男18例(20髋),女22例(23髋);年龄20～85岁,平均55.1岁。单髋37例,双髋3例。股骨头缺血性坏死14例(15髋),原发性骨关节炎6例(7髋),类风湿性关节炎4例(4髋),股骨颈骨折4例(4髋),先天性髋关节发育不良12例(13髋)。术前髋关节Harris评分为(38.51±5.62)分,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)评分为(4.21±1.43)分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(6.78±0.95)分。结果患者均获随访,随访时间6.7～8.3年,平均7.5年。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经、血管损伤以及感染、关节脱位等并发症发生。末次随访时,Harris评分为(93.33±3.21)分、UCLA评分为(7.32±1.45)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=51.753,P=0.000;t=23.232,P=0.000)。术后3例(3髋)发生大腿疼痛,其中1例出现软组织炎性假瘤。X线片复查示,髋臼外展角及前倾角分别为(46.5±3.2)、(14.8±3.6)°;股骨柄假体初始稳定质量按照Mulliken标准评定,获优39髋、良4髋。随访期间,2髋发生骨溶解,其中1髋继发假体松动行翻修术;其余患者假体无松动、下沉。结论大直径股骨头金属-金属THA治疗髋关节终末疾病中期疗效良好。     

大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的早期疗效及临床应用体会

目的 探讨大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术的早期疗效.方法 对18例(20髋)患者行大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术.随访髋关节术前、术后的Harris评分,X线分析.结果 所有患者均获得随访,平均随访20.8个月.Harris髋关节评分术前46分到术后1年的85分,末次随访时为93分.X线片显示所有假体均位置良好,髋臼侧未见透亮线.结论 大直径股骨头全髋关节置换在增加髋关节活动度、防止术后脱位方面有明显优势.     

Harris-Galante Ⅰ非骨水泥型髋臼假体的中远期疗效分析

[目的]观察分析H/GI人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体中、远期疗效。[方法]对1992～2000年采用H/GI人工全髋关节置换术后髋臼假体置换21例(21髋)患者的临床病历和X线片进行回顾性研究。临床随访根据Harris进行评分,X线随访根据DeLee等髋臼分区进行观察。[结果]截止2010年5月10日,随访到19例(19髋),平均随访时间15年(10～18年)。19例中3髋臼杯进行了翻修,集中在术后9～12年。X线片示髋臼假体明确松动3髋、可能松动5髋,内衬磨损率为每年(0.27±0.10)mm。翻修手术中取出的假体表面的骨生长不满意。[结论]H/GI髋臼假体的中、远期疗效不满意。导致较高假体失效率原因包括内衬与金属臼杯设计不合理和过多的螺钉、螺钉孔有关的骨溶解与假体松动。     

陶瓷对陶瓷结合保留股骨颈人工全髋关节置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死体会

[目的]探讨陶瓷对陶瓷结合保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效。[方法]2009年5月²013年2月,采用陶对陶结合保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换治疗32例36髋中青年股骨头坏死。主要临床症状为患髋疼痛,行走困难。X线片均排除骨质疏松。[结果]32例术后均获随访,随访时间122013年2月,采用陶对陶结合保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换治疗32例36髋中青年股骨头坏死。主要临床症状为患髋疼痛,行走困难。X线片均排除骨质疏松。[结果]32例术后均获随访,随访时间12⁴5个月,平均29个月。X线片示假体位置良好,末次随访时股骨距处无骨吸收发生;术后1年髋关节Harris评分平均87.3(85.4±4.5)分,与术前45.7(42.5±5.8)分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);计优24髋,良9髋,中3髋,优良率为91.7%。[结论]应用陶瓷对陶瓷保留股骨颈型全髋关节置换治疗股骨头坏死,保留了更多骨质,利于再次假体翻修,临床疗效良好。     

变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例(38髋)接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁(29~75岁)。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例(19髋),髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月(5~38个月)。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优(>90分)12髋,良(80~90分)23髋,尚可(70~79分)3髋,失败0髋(<70分)。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损翻修的方法和对策

目的 介绍和评价人工股骨头置换术后髋臼磨损翻修的方法和效果.方法 回顾性分析32例因人工股骨头置换术后18个月～11年出现髋关节疼痛而进行全髋关节置换的病例,其中最常见的问题是髋臼臼底机械性磨损引起的疼痛.根据Bradford和Paprosky分类方法将髋臼的磨损分为三度,分别采用常规方法、异体颗粒骨,以及结构性植骨进行骨性髋臼重建.其中非骨水泥型假体30例,骨水泥型假体2例.结果 经2～8年(平均4.2年)随访,根据Harris评分方法,术前评分平均(40.5±2.1)分,术后增加到(82.4±3.6)分.X线片显示髋臼和股骨柄假体位置良好,无松动和感染征象.结论 髋臼磨损的分类便于术中确定是否需要行广泛软组织松解、大转子截骨或髋臼重建等.此外,对股骨颈骨折患者的关节置换以选择全髋关节置换为宜.     

全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死

目的:探讨全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效和适应证.方法:回顾性分析17例(21髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床资料.其中男10例,女7例;年龄25～51岁,平均36岁.其中Ficat Ⅲ期8髋,Ficat Ⅳ期13髋.均行金属全髋表面置换术.取Gibson后外侧切口,采用非骨水泥型假体.处理股骨头时,以颈干角通过股骨头中心打入1根导针,用空心钻头钻孔后插入导引杆,再用圆柱形的股骨头切割器锉去股骨头的多余部分,在股骨头上钻孔,将骨水泥涂抹在股骨头和假体上,将假体柄插入股骨颈中心轴骨孔内,冲紧到位,等待骨水泥固化.术后Harris评分分析,并进性统计学分析(t检验),定期复查X线片.结果:全部病例均获得随访,随访时间18～42个月,平均32个月.髋关节功能Harris评分由术前的平均(35.30±5.23)分提高到术后(90.47±3.14)分,优良率90.5％,手术前后Harris评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).X线摄片发现2例髋臼假体周围出现透亮线,而无松动迹象.结论:全髋表面置换术是治疗中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的理想方法,它能恢复正常的关节生物力学及负载传递,提高了关节的稳定性,延缓了全髋关节置换,不影响日后的翻修效果,且创伤小、操作简便、感染率低.适用于FicatⅢ期及部分FicatⅣ期的股骨头坏死,股骨颈破坏少,特别是活动量大的年轻患者.     

骨小梁金属髋臼杯在全髋关节置换术中的应用及近期疗效

目的探讨应用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行全髋关节置换术的近期疗效。方法自2013-01—2015-01采用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行初次全髋关节置换治疗24例(26髋)髋关节疾患。采用Kawamura影像学评价标准观察骨长入情况。结果全部患者均获得平均16(6~28)个月随访,术前Harris髋关节评分为(46.6±10.2)分,末次随访时评分为(88.3±6.3)分,手术前后Harris评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。X线表现:2例术后发现透亮带,所有患者髋臼假体固定稳定,未出现明显假体移位、假体周围骨溶解征象。其中21髋发现在假体与界面之间有明显骨长入征象。并发症:4例术中出现股骨距裂缝骨折。结论采用骨小梁金属髋臼杯行全髋关节置换术假体骨长入明显,近期疗效满意。     

Resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip in osteopetrosis

A 34-year-old woman with a benign form of osteopetrosis developed osteoarthritis of the hip. In order to avoid the difficulties associated with inserting the femoral component of a conventional total hip arthroplasty, a hybrid metal-on-metal resurfacing was performed. There were several technical challenges associated with the procedure, including the sizing of the component, press-fit fixation of the acetabular component and femoral head preparation, as well as trying to avoid a fracture. No surgical complication occurred. After more than a year following surgery, the patient showed excellent clinical function and remained satisfied with the outcome. We conclude that the hybrid metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty represents a valuable option for the treatment of patients with osteopetrosis and secondary hip osteoarthritis.     

Femoral component neck fracture after failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty

Failure on the femoral side after third-generation metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty is suggested to be easily treated with conversion to conventional total hip arthroplasty. Clinical results of conversion for failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty with the use of primary femoral implants confirmed this for a short-term follow-up. We present a case of the occurrence of a stemmed femoral implant neck fracture in a patient who was earlier treated for a failed hip resurfacing. We advise to consider acetabular revision in case of (suspected) acetabular metal damage and to use a stem component with a relative large neck diameter.     

Total resurfacing for osteonecrosis of the hip

With the resurgence of metal-on-metal bearings, there is renewed interest in total hip resurfacing. A cementless acetabular component used for resurfacing with a wall thickness of fewer than 5 mm is comparable in size to acetabular components used for total hip replacement. The fixation of a porous-ingrowth acetabular component used for resurfacing has been shown to be reliable and durable. There are few clinical reports of total hip resurfacing that stratify results by diagnosis. However, available evidence indicates that the pain relief, function, and activity after total hip resurfacing for osteonecrosis are superior to the results reported for hemiresurfacing and similar to the results of total hip replacement. Femoral-side failure is the main issue occurring with total resurfacing for osteonecrosis, and the femoral side failure rate is higher than that of hemiresurfacing. There are no simple guidelines for the extent of femoral head necrosis that are compatible with successful resurfacing. Refined patient selection and surgical technique can improve the outcomes and durability of total hip resurfacing for osteonecrosis.     

金属对金属髋关节表面置换术治疗重度股骨头无菌性坏死的短期临床效果

目的探讨新一代的金属对金属髋关节表面置换术治疗重度股骨头无菌性坏死（FicatⅢ、Ⅳ）的短期临床效果。方法对28例（33髋）诊断为股骨头无菌性坏死的患者行金属对金属髋关节表面置换手术。股骨头无菌性坏死程度按照Ficat分期：Ⅲ期24例（27髋），Ⅳ期4例（6髋），手术时的平均年龄是48岁（21-77岁），其中男患者17例（60.7%），女患者11例（39.3%）。术后随访内容包括所有患者的临床及影像学资料。结果平均随访时间为24个月（11-35个月），在随访期内未发生髋关节脱位、深静脉栓塞、感染、股骨颈骨折等并发症。临床结果显示，Harris髋关节评分较术前显著提高，术后平均Harris评分为92.6分，术前平均Harris评分为48.5分。影像学资料显示所有假体在位，未观察到放射性透亮带。所有患者疼痛解除，髋关节活动度也明显改善，术后早期活动无任何受限。结论金属对金属髋关节表面置换术治疗重度股骨头坏死的早期临床效果满意，其远期效果仍有待于观察。     

Curved-stem Hip Resurfacing

Hip resurfacing is an attractive concept because it preserves rather than removes the femoral head and neck. Most early designs had high failure rates, but one unique design had a femoral stem. Because that particular device appeared to have better implant survival, this study assessed the clinical outcome and long-term survivorship of a hip resurfacing prosthesis. Four hundred forty-five patients (561 hips) were retrospectively reviewed after a minimum of 20 years' followup or until death; 23 additional patients were lost to followup. Patients received a metal femoral prosthesis with a small curved stem. Three types of acetabular reconstructions were used: (1) cemented polyurethane; (2) metal-on-metal; and (3) polyethylene secured with cement or used as the liner of a two-piece porous-coated implant. Long-term results were favorable with the metal-on-metal combination only. The mean overall Harris hip score was 92 at 2 years of followup. None of the 121 patients (133 hips) who received metal-on-metal articulation experienced failure. The failure rate with polyurethane was 100%, and the failure rate with cemented polyethylene was 41%. Hip resurfacing with a curved-stem femoral component had a durable clinical outcome when a metal-on-metal articulation was used.     

Results of metal-on-metal hybrid hip resurfacing for Crowe type-I and II developmental dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Modern hip resurfacing implants may increase stability and preserve more bone than conventional total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the mid-term results in a consecutive series of middle-aged patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated with hybrid resurfacing joint arthroplasty. METHODS: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing was performed in fifty-one patients (fifty-nine hips), forty-two of whom were female and nine of whom were male. The average age at the time of surgery was 43.7 years. Radiographic and clinical data were collected at six weeks, at three months, and at yearly follow-up visits. Seven hips had Crowe type-II developmental dysplasia of the hip and fifty-two had type-I. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 4.2 to 9.5 years (average, 6.0 years). Initial stability was achieved in all but three hips. The clinical outcomes, as rated with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) hip score, improved significantly compared with the preoperative ratings. On the average, the pain rating improved from 3.2 to 9.3 points; the score for walking, from 6.0 to 9.7 points; the score for function, from 5.7 to 9.6 points; and the score for activity, from 4.6 to 7.3 points (all p = 0.0001). The mean Short Form-12 (SF-12) mental score increased from 46.6 to 53.5 points, and the mean SF-12 physical score increased from 31.7 to 51.4 points (both p < 0.0001). The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 92.5 points. On the average, the range of flexion improved from 106 degrees to 129.6 degrees ; the abduction-adduction arc, from 41.9 degrees to 76.9 degrees ; and the rotation arc in extension, from 32.1 degrees to 84.8 degrees (all p = 0.0001). Four patients delivered a total of six healthy babies since the time of implantation of the prosthesis. Radiographic analysis showed a decrease in the mean body weight lever arm from 118.5 mm preoperatively to 103.9 mm postoperatively (p = 0.007). There were five femoral failures requiring conversion to a total hip arthroplasty. One hip showed a radiolucency around the metaphyseal femoral stem. There were no complete acetabular radiolucencies, and all sockets remained well fixed. CONCLUSIONS: The mid-term results of metal-on-metal resurfacing in patients with Crowe type-I or II developmental dysplasia of the hip were disappointing with respect to the durability of the femoral component. However, the fixation of the porous-coated acetabular components without adjuvant fixation was excellent despite incomplete lateral acetabular coverage of the socket. More rigorous patient selection and especially meticulous bone preparation are essential to minimize femoral neck fractures and loosening after this procedure.     

A five-year radiostereometric follow-up of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing arthroplasty

The early designs of hip resurfacing implants suffered high rates of early failure, making it impossible to obtain valuable mid-term radiostereophotogrammetric (RSA) results. The metal-on-metal Birmingham Hip Resurfacing arthroplasty has shown promising mid-term results and we present here the first mid-term RSA analysis of a hip resurfacing implant. The analysis was performed in 19 hips at five years post-operatively. The mean acetabular component translation and rotation, and femoral component translation were compared with the previous RSA measurements at two and six months, and one and two years. There was no statistical significance (t-test, p < or = 0.05) between these consecutive movements, indicating the mid-term stability of the implant.     

金属对金属髋关节表面置换术的短期随访研究

目的探讨金属对金属(MOM)混合固定型髋关节表面置换术(HRA)的近期疗效,分析手术技术要点。方法 2004年10月至2008年6月,对52例(58髋)股骨头缺血性坏死、骨关节炎、髋关节发育不良、强直性脊柱炎患者行MOM-HRA。其中男32例,女20例;年龄16～65岁,平均42.6岁。手术方法按照K.De.Smet标准方法进行,术后对Harris评分、关节活动度和X线片进行随访。结果失访7例(8髋),45例(50髋)获得随访,随访时间平均22个月(12～54个月)。术前平均Harris评分(37.0±1.2)分,术后22个月平均(93.0±1.0)分;术前屈髋度平均(25.3±1.6)°,术后22个月平均(105.0±1.8)°;术前外展度平均(18.8±0.8)°,术后22个月平均(40.6±1.0)°。评价:46髋优,3髋良,1髋差。无股骨颈骨折,无松动,无脱位,无感染,无翻修,1例异位骨化BrookerⅢ型。结论 HRA具有保留股骨头骨量、术后关节活动度恢复快、近期结果好等优点,对于获得优良的术后结果,严格的患者选择和精确的手术技术至关重要。     

The Accuracy and Reliability of Preoperative Templating for Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of preoperative templating on conventional radiographs (CRs) for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and to determine the factors affecting the accuracy. Four observers templated 80 CRs on 2 separate occasions in a blinded fashion. Eight independent variables were evaluated to investigate their effect on the accuracy of templating. The overall accuracy of templating within one size of the actual component was 80.6% for the femoral component and 98.5% for the acetabular component. Overall, the intraobserver and interobserver reliability was fair to substantial (κ = 0.22-0.61). Using multiple regression analysis, surgical time was the only factor that affected the accuracy of predicting the size of the acetabular component (P = .019). We conclude that CR templating for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is a useful method for preoperative planning of the sizes of the respective implants and that surgeon experience does play a significant role in the accuracy of predicting component size during templating.