表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入

目的：探讨表面麻醉白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：观察128例（148眼）单用表面麻醉白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的麻醉和手术效果及并发症.结果：患者均能很好地配合手术顺利完成，仅2眼因结膜瘢痕，出现较明显的疼痛。术后1天及1周视力≥0．5者分别为81．97％及92．62％，无严重的并发症。结论：表面麻醉白内障超声乳化是安全有效的，二者结合使手术更快捷、安全、术后恢复更快。     

糖尿病性白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨糖尿病性白内障表面麻醉下晶状体乳化及人工晶状体植入术的疗效及其并发症。方法 对50例(60眼)糖尿病性白内障表面麻醉下施行晶状体乳化及人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后视力≥0．5者36眼，占60．0％；≥0．3者53眼，占88．3％。并发症主要包括：角膜内皮水肿24眼，占40．0％；前房纤维素性渗出6眼，占10．0％；后囊浑浊3眼，占5．0％。结论 在糖尿病患者血糖控制稳定的情况下，表面麻醉下施行晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术是可行的。     

表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：对90例（102只眼）白内障患者在表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果：所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成。无一例改用其它麻醉方法。平均手术时间为20.04分钟。术后1天及1周视力≥0.5者，分别占67.65％和77.27％。结论：表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术1 644眼

目的：评价表面麻醉上白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的安全和有效性，方法：表面麻醉下对1450例视力的恢复及并发症的情况。结果：术后1d裸眼视力≥0．5者1055眼，占64．17％，1周视力≥0．5者1327眼，占80．72％，1个月视力≥0．5者1476眼，占89．78％，术中及术后各种并发症的发生率均很低。结论：表面麻醉下行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的，它避免了球周和球后麻醉的各种并发症。     

采用表面麻醉进行晶状体超声乳化术的可行性

目的探讨采用表面麻醉进行白内障晶状体超声乳化术的可行性。方法对440例（616眼）在表面麻醉下施行了晶状体超声乳化白内障吸出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果术中轻微疼痛者36眼（5．84％），余均无痛。后囊破裂14眼（2．27％）。结论表面麻醉用于晶状体超声乳化白内障吸出联合人工晶状体植入麻醉效果良好。并发症少。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法表面麻醉下对48例89眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果眼轴26．0—29．9mm组，术后3个月视力≥0．5者55眼，占61．80％；眼轴≥30mm组，术后3个月视力≥0．5者13眼，占14．61％。结论超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障患者能够明显改善患者的视力。     

表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的：探讨表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术的疗效和临床应用价值。方法：表面麻醉下经角膜缘阶梯隧道切口白内障超声乳化联合水凝胶折叠式人工晶状体植入365例。结果：所有病例均在表面麻醉下完成，植入折叠式人工晶状体，术后视力第一天≥0．5者占76．4％，≥1．0者占28．5％，术后一周视力≥0．5者占87．7％，≥1．0者占47．4％，术后一月散光与术前无明显差异(P≥0．1)。结论：表面麻醉下经角膜缘阶梯隧道切口白内障超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术具有损伤小、术后视力恢复快的特点，术后疗效满意。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障

目的 探讨高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法 表面麻醉下对160例193眼高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果 眼铀26—30mm组，术后1月视力≥0．5者100眼，占81．97％；眼铀≥30mm组，术后1月视力≥0．5者33眼，占46．48％．结论 超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视白内障患者能改善患者的视力。     

青光眼滤过术后超声乳化人工晶状体植入观察

目的探讨青光眼滤过术后表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术后的疗效及并发症。方法对29例(30眼)有青光眼滤过史的患者，表面麻醉下进行颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，观察其术中术后并发症，以及矫正视力。结果30眼均顺利完成超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入。术后1周，视力0．06者1眼，0．1～0．2者3眼，0．3～0．5者10眼，大于0．5者16眼。术中2例(2眼)发生后囊破裂，术后房水闪光( )，人工晶状体表面色素沉着，角膜水肿等并发症。结论青光眼滤过术后，表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术能使患者获得较好的视力，并发症少。     

倍诺喜表面麻醉下小切口非超声乳化白内障术

目的：探讨倍诺喜表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性及有效性。方法：对364例(402只眼)白内障患者在倍诺喜表面麻醉下行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术并观察其麻醉效果及术后视力。结果： 所有患者在表麻下均能很好地配合手术顺利完成，无一例改用其它麻醉方法。平均手术时间为12．35分钟。术后1天及1周视力≥0．5者，分别占62．44％和78．11％。结论：倍诺喜表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.