乡村医生重大传染病知识态度行为调查

目的了解乡村医生重大传染病防治知识态度行为水平,为农村重大传染病防治政策制定提供依据。方法对成都市、重庆市承担政府指定公共卫生服务工作的乡村医生进行随机抽样,现场调查收集乡村医生的基本情况和专业培训、收入、对结核病和艾滋病防治知识及国家有关政策知晓等情况。结果 69.7%的乡村医生知道肺结核病人的主要症状,79.8%的乡村医生知道如何转诊和所在地区有专门检查与治疗肺结核病的地方,74.2%的乡村医生知道肺结核规范治疗的时间,58.8%的乡村医生知道预防控制肺结核最有效的措施,只有15.7%的乡村医生知道肺结核病人正规治疗后多久一般就没有了传染性。乡村医生对艾滋病传播途径的知晓率在63.4%~94.8%之间,总知晓率为58.8%。对于国家"四免一关怀"政策平均得分仅0.97±0.18分;79.8%的乡村医生认为应该将艾滋感染者/患者集中管理,防止传播他人,39.7%的乡村医生不愿意接触艾滋病感染者/患者,57.7%的乡村医生不愿意为艾滋感染者/患者提供服务;79.8%的乡村医生认为发现可疑肺结核病人后,应该转诊至结核病防治所/结核病专科医院。结论乡村医生重大传染病防治相关知识知晓率低,对艾滋感染者/患者持有歧视态度,在发现可疑的肺结核病人时,转诊至结核病防治专门机构的比例偏低。应加强乡村医生的健康教育和重大传染病防治相关知识政策及操作技能的培训,提高其重大传染病防治能力。     

北海市乡村医生知晓艾滋病相关知识及参与艾滋病防治工作情况的调查研究

目的了解北海市乡村医生知晓艾滋病相关知识、参与艾滋病防治工作情况,为进一步探讨有效开展乡村医生艾滋病相关培训提供依据。方法 2017年在北海市抽取228名乡村医生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、参与艾滋病防治工作及艾滋病相关培训情况。结果所调查村医艾滋病知识总知晓率为83.77%;18.42%的乡村医生不愿意给艾滋病患者看病,27.19%的乡村医生给艾滋病患者看病时采取特别保护措施,96.05%的乡村医生认为艾滋病感染者/病人有权跟其他病人享有相同医疗服务,91.67%的乡村医生表示能理解和体会艾滋病患者的感受。结论乡村医生艾滋病知识总知晓率有待提高,一定比例的乡村医生对艾滋病患者存在歧视,急需开展艾滋病防治知识和干预技能培训,使乡村医生能更加有效地开展艾滋病防控工作。     

卫生部布署卫生人员艾滋病防治知识培训

目前，我国艾滋病疫情处于从高危人群向普通人员扩散的临界点，防治工作处于关键时期。为了贯彻国务院最近召开的全国艾滋病防治工作会议精神和国务院关于加强艾滋病防治工作的通知精神，卫生部最近发出通知，加强在职卫生人员艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训工作。培训对象包括：预防保健、临床医药护技、检测检验、采供血人员、实验研究、管理、宣传教育和相关工勤人员及乡村医生、个体医生等。     

乡村医生重大传染病防治工作影响因素及对策研究

目的了解乡村医生重大传染病防治工作情况及影响因素,为提升农村重大传染病防治水平提供依据。方法运用现场调查的方法对乡村医生的基本情况、专业培训、收入情况、结核病和艾滋病知识及其所开展的卫生服务情况等进行问卷调查;通过深入访谈对乡村医生重大传染病卫生服务行为和能力所存在的问题进行定性分析。结果60%的乡村医生发现过可疑的肺结核病人;所发现的肺结核可疑病人大部分转到结核病防治所;80%的乡村医生监督过结核病病人服药;24.3%的乡村医生过去1年没有做过防治结核病健康教育工作。39.7%的乡村医生不愿意接触艾滋病病人/感染者,57.7%以上的乡村医生不愿意为艾滋病人/感染者提供服务。57.7%的乡村医生过去1年没有做过防治艾滋病健康教育工作。结论乡村医生重大传染病防治工作状况不容乐观。应加大对重大传染病防治工作的投入,建立健全补偿机制,加强专业培训,完善农村卫生监管机制,提高乡村医生重大传染病防治工作意识与能力。     

绵阳农村居民霍乱防治知识及卫生行为调查

目的 了解农村地区乡村医生和村民的霍乱防治知晓情况;调查乡村厨师与村民的卫生意识与行为,调查乡村厨师食品卫生知晓情况,为食源性霍乱防控对策的制订提供依据.方法 对乡村医生、乡村厨师和村民进行问卷调查.结果 乡村医生对霍乱典型临床表现和治疗原则回答正确率在90%以上,补液回答正确率达100%;疫情报告时限回答正确率仅为43.11%,流行季节、潜伏期回答正确率不足60%.参加过培训的乡村厨师食品卫生回答正确率为90.67%,未接受培训乡村厨师的正确率为79.00%,经过培训的乡村厨师的食品卫生意识高于未接受培训者(X2=10.51,P＜0.01).村民对霍乱防治知识、主要症状及自我预防回答正确率均未超过80%,传播途径回答正确率为65%;饭前便后洗手的占42.31%,从不喝生水的村民占55.77%.结论 乡村医生对霍乱防治知识掌握不足,霍乱流行病学知识薄弱;农村群众霍乱等肠道传染病防治知识掌握不足,对家宴的食品卫生重视不够;接受过食品卫生与霍乱防治知识培训的乡村厨师的卫生意识高于未接受培训者较低.     

乡村医生医学继续教育培训的探讨

医学继续教育在全国范围内已普遍开展，但三级卫生网的网底——乡村医生的医学继续教育还没有引起足够重视。为探讨这一课题，笔者分析了2001年枞阳县638名乡医医学理论考试情况，结果显示成绩普遍低下，并将培训组与未培训组进行了对照，培训组明显高于未培训组。结合全县乡医现状，认为提高乡医素质已刻不容缓，继教培训是提高乡医素质的一种行之有效途径。并就如何搞好乡医继教培训工作，提出了方法和措施。     

河北省肃宁县实施健康促进安全注射情况调查分析

目的：促进安全注射工作，提高广大农民的自我保护意识和健康水平。方法：在肃宁县采用无记名方式发放《安全注射项目实施意见征求表》进行安全注射知识调查，并对全县乡村医生进行安全注射知识培训。结果：对全县365名乡村医生分两期进行培训，培训率为82．58％，其中男乡医279人，女乡医86人。结论：通过安全注射的政策倡导、法律宣传、乡村医生培训、群众监督举报等形式，提高乡村医生的安全注射知识水平及实施安全注射的技能。     

提高乡村医生培训效果之我见

本文通过近5年来我校对乡村医生培训效果的观察,阐述了如何进一步开展乡村医生教育工作,并在此基础上总结了几点乡医教育的具体措施,认为以此能提高乡医的培训效果.     

福建省乡医培训工作实践与启示

文章介绍了2005年至2008年福建省乡村医生规范培训的具体做法,包括建立完善的培训网络、编写具有福建特色的乡医培训教材、重视师资培训,加强教学管理、制定评估指标体系,检查落实乡医培训工作乡医培训成效等几方面,同时针对乡医培训存在的问题提出了三点启示：要提高乡村医生水平,培训工作要常抓不懈,一定要坚持每年集中培训;乡医培训的内容和方式要符合乡医的特点,同时资金上要扶持乡医培训;乡医培训工作还要有制度的保障和政策上支持。     

河北省乡村医生培训需求及培训效果分析

目的 通过对河北省乡村医生队伍和培训现状调查研究,提出进一步完善培训模式、提升乡村医生服务能力水平的具体建议,为相关医学教育及卫生管理部门决策提供参考。方法 基于河北省基层卫生人才能力提升项目(由河北医科大学乡村医师学院承办),对河北省乡村医生所进行的3年培训实践,采用问卷星调查方式对乡村医生的基本情况、使用基层平台对培训学员进行培训前后考试、运用SPSS统计软件进行数据分析并对培训进行效果评价。结果 河北省乡村医生年龄以41～50岁为主(53.1%),学历以专科为主(92.61%),执业资质多为河北省颁发的乡村医师上岗证(53.52%);培训内容需求上应以常见病的诊治与急救和合理用药为主,针对新冠疫情防控,应加强乡村医生传染病的早期识别培训;90.76%的乡村医生每年都能获得至少一次培训机会,最适宜的培训地点是乡医所在卫生院,一些乡村医生不能参加培训的主要原因是学工矛盾;学员对乡医培训师资比较满意、每次培训后成绩较培训前有较大提升,2018—2020年成绩逐年提高,且提高值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 河北省乡村医生年龄分布不均衡、学历偏低、执业资质较低。在以后的乡...     

乡村医生抗生素使用情况调查分析

滥用抗生素导致了越来越多耐药菌群的产生，因而成为目前全球关注的热门话题之一。多种原因可以导致抗生素的滥用，医生用药不当是原因之一。本文通过对乡村医生的抽样调查分析，从一个侧面反映了我国乡村医生抗生素的使用情况，认为目前我国乡村医生的抗生素使用除了存在着认识不足问题，在一定程度上还受经济激励机制的影响。     

宁夏农村村级卫生服务现状分析

目的了解宁夏农村村级卫生服务的基本现状。方法采用普查的方法，自行设计调查表。对宁夏石嘴山市惠农县辖区内26个村卫生室进行卫生服务现状调查。结果平均每村有0．92所卫生室，村卫生室房屋简陋。规模小，平均业务用房为56．55m^2；村卫生室医疗设备简陋，乡村医生文化程度偏低，10年内没有参加过培训；村卫生室办医型式个体占92．3％，医疗质量无人管理，乡村医生资格准入没有严格标准和程序。结论乡村医生的医疗技术水平低；村卫生室卫生服务功能低下，绝大多效为私人诊所。难以满足农民基本就医需求。     

Computer assisted instruction for retraining family doctors in hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia

In an attempt to retrain family doctors in hypertension and hyperlipoproteinemia, computer assisted instruction (CAI) was assessed in fourteen doctors (Group 1) and its efficiency was compared to that of traditional lectures given to twenty-one doctors (Group 2). The same objectives, contents and illustrations were used in both teaching approaches. There was no significant difference for age, year of graduation and type of practice in the two groups. Comparison between pre-test and immediate post-test revealed a significant gain of knowledge for hyperlipoproteinemia (group 1, 33% and group 2, 22%) and hypertension (group 1, 16% and Group 2, 19%). A year later a similar post-test was done in both groups, and no significant difference was found between this late post-test and the pre-test. CAI applied to family doctors is as efficient for learning as traditional lectures, and both approaches failed to show retention of knowledge after one year. This is perhaps the result of having selected instructional objectives of theoretical more than practical value.     

我国综合医院精神卫生服务模式初探

根据医学模式转变说明综合医院精神卫生服务的重要性。通过对不同医院精神疾病谱调查及分析，对综合医院医师的精神卫生知识状况和医疗服务现状分析；回顾国内外综合医院精神卫生历史和现状。提出现代医学模式示范医院工程。实践证明，这种精神卫生服务模式适合我国国情，经济、收效快、适用、可行、效果好。     

乡村医师的培训实施现状与对策

针对现行的农村合作医疗中乡村医师自身医学知识与技能不足的现状,本文从调查现阶段乡村医师知识技能现状,制定教学大纲,同时政府部门指导实施培训,组织培训后考核几个方面对乡村医师提高其医疗水平,为农民提供更为合理的医疗服务提出实施建议。     

A report of the state of health in Zimbabwe]

The health state in Zimbabwe is reported in terms of currently significant diseases, health statistics and hygiene and health care system in conjunction with the author's experiences as a visiting doctor in the country between June and September in 1989. Since independence in 1980 the government has transformed the colonial and racial health system and attempted to redistribute health care resources to the rural population. Similar to many countries in Central and East Africa, the accumulative number of AIDS cases in Zimbabwe is increasing rapidly despite the vigorous governmental campaigns launched in the early stage. The incidence of tuberculosis has also been rising since 1986 apparently in association with HIV spread in the country. On the other hand Zimbabwe is unique among the countries in Africa because rural clinics and preventive medicine such as immunization, basic sanitation and health education have been well-established throughout the country. As a result various communicable diseases common to the tropics and subtropics have been successfully controlled. The country now needs to improve quality and quantity of hospital medicine. While hospital facilities are available, the number of doctors, particularly in the district, is far below demand. Zimbabwe is one of the few countries in Africa where doctors trained in Japan could work efficiently and therefore it is suggested that it be considered as a country amenable to international medical cooperation.     

Teaching nutrition to medical doctors: the potential role of the State Registered Dietitian

Medical doctors ought to have a sound knowledge of nutrition, but it is clear that most do not. Teaching nutrition to medical doctors should start during undergraduate training. Dietitians have a vital role to play—acting as consultants for the course, in formulating learning objectives, teaching, organizing practical sessions, assisting with clinical demonstrations and writing exam questions. Dietitians could also be encouraged to become more involved in the clinical training of medical students by assuming a more active role in the provision of seminars, grand rounds, clinical case presentations and conferences. Finally, dietitians may attract more medical doctors to nutrition conferences and meetings if these are registered for CME (continuing medical education) and PGEA (postgraduate education allowance). The dietitian has a unique role and responsibility for teaching nutrition to medical doctors. The task ahead is a difficult one, but if successful will surely result in improvements to the nutritional status of both patients and the general public.     

Cancer of the colon and rectum: public misconceptions and a gap in doctor-patient communications

What can doctors do to reduce the death rate among the estimated 126,000 persons who will develop colon-rectum cancer in 1983? At present rates, 29,500 females and 27,600 males will die this year from cancers at these sites. One answer to this question may lie in patient-physician communication, and in the capability of doctors to deal with patient attitudes toward colo-rectal examinations and on their knowledge of what people in this country believe in regard to colon-rectum cancer. This article presents findings from an American Cancer Society survey which examined patient attitudes and knowledge in regard to colon-rectum cancer and provides insights on patient attitudes and beliefs useful to the physician in discussing this subject with patients.