大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的：探讨大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法。方法：分析1990－2000年间62例大肠癌并发急必肠梗阻的外科治疗资料，结果：癌肿一期切除50例，肿瘤切除率80．6％（50／62），其中，Ⅰ期右半结肠切除20例，Ⅰ期行横结肠癌切除5例，Ⅰ期左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除，近端结肠造口，关闭远端结肠或直肠备Ⅱ期吻合25例，癌肿无法切除或病情不允许切除行横结肠造口或乙结肠造口及短路手术12例，术后并发症发生率16．1％（10／62），围手术期病列主3．2％（2／62）。结论：严掌手术适应症，合理选择手术,术中有效的肠道减压，灌洗，做好围手术期的处理，是提高疗效的重要措施。     

结肠癌并梗阻32例手术治疗体会

目的：探讨结肠癌致梗阻的外科处理方法。方法：收集1998-2002年间32例结肠癌致梗阻的外科治疗资料。结果：Ⅰ期切除吻合20例(其中左半结肠I期切除吻合6例)。Ⅰ期切除、Hartmann造口4例。横结肠造瘘，Ⅱ期切除吻合闭瘘5例，捷径手术3例，并发症发生率9．4％(3/32)。结论：重视结肠癌梗阻认识，选择合理术式，降低并发症发生及死亡率，尽可能提高左半结肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除率。     

结直肠癌致肠梗阻外科治疗——附78例报告

目的探讨结直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1996年1月-2005年12月间收治的78例结直肠癌致肠梗阻外科手术治疗资料。结果78例患者中Ⅰ期行右半结肠切除23例，Ⅰ期行横结肠切除5例，Ⅰ期行左半结肠切除31例，Ⅰ期行左半结肠切除、近端结肠造瘘、远端封闭5例，姑息性行乙状结肠或横结肠造瘘12例，直肠根治切除2例。术后并发症发生率17．9％（14／78），围手术期病死率3．8％（3／78）。结论重视结直肠癌致肠梗阻的围手术期处理，选择合理的手术方式是提高疗效，减少并发症的重要保证。     

结肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的：探讨结肠癌致肠梗阻的诊断和外科治疗。方法：回顾分析我院1986-2003年68例结肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗资料。结果：本组结肠肿瘤切除Ⅰ期吻合63例，其中2例加横结肠造瘘，3例单纯行结肠造瘘．2例Hartmann术式．治愈66例，死亡2例，并发切口感染16例，吻合口瘘3例。结论：基层医院结肠癌致肠梗阻病人就诊晚，术前定位率低，术中应根据具体情况合理选择手术方式，采取适当措施．Ⅰ期吻合是安全的．     

大肠癌致肠梗阻行结肠切除及造口术42例

目的：大肠癌致肠梗阻42例分别采用右半结肠切除术，Hartmann结肠造口术和乙状结肠造口术。结果：42例行右半结肠切除Ⅰ期吻合8例；行横结肠癌切除Ⅰ期吻合2例；左半结肠或直肠上段癌行Hartmann手术26例；直肠癌无法切除行乙状结肠造口6例。术后并发症7例（16．67％），围手术期病死率2例（4．76%）。结论：左半结肠癌致梗阻行Ⅰ期手术切除，Hartmann肠造口术仍不失为一种安全可靠的术式，加强围手术期处理可减少并发症。     

结肠癌致急性肠梗阻40例外科治疗分析

目的：总结结肠癌致肠梗阻治疗经验。方法：回顾经手术治疗的40例结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗资料。结果：40例病人I期右半结肠切除10例,Ⅱ期横结肠癌切除2例,I期左半结肠癌切除13例,Ⅱ期左半结肠切除吻合术13例,肿瘤无法切除,仅行回结肠吻合术1例,单纯造瘘1例。术后并发症发生率34％,围手术期死亡率2.8％。结论：选择合适病例、手术时机及完善围手术期处理是减少并发症、I期切除吻合的安全保证。     

68例大肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的：探讨大肠癌并发肠梗阻的外科治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析1990至2001年收治手术的68例大肠癌致肠梗阻病例资料。结果：68例患者中一期行右半结肠切除14例；一期行左半结肠切除30例；一期行左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除，近端结肠造瘘，封闭远端结肠或直肠二期吻合17例；直肠癌晚期无法切除根治行乙状结肠造瘘7例，术后并发症发生13．23％(9／68)，围手术期死亡4．41％(3／68)。结论：提高对本病的认识，根据病情合理选择外科治疗方法，做好围手术期的处理是提高疗效的关键。     

大肠癌致肠梗阻的外科诊治探讨

目的 探讨大肠癌致肠梗阻的诊断和手术方法。方法 回顾分析1990～2002年67例大肠癌致肠梗阻病例的外科治疗资料。结果 67例结肠癌致肠梗阻病人I期右半结肠切除吻合14例，Ⅰ期左半结肠切除吻合37例，Ⅰ期左半结肠切除吻合，近端结肠造瘘术8例，左半结肠切除、近断结肠造瘘、关闭远端结肠4例。3例直肠癌致肠梗阻病人，肿瘤无法切除，作乙状结肠造瘘1例，横结肠造瘘，肠梗阻缓解后行Mile’s手术3例。全组无吻合口漏和死亡病例。结论 为了提高5a生存率和减少Ⅱ期手术，结肠癌致肠梗阻应争取Ⅰ期切除吻合。合理选择手术方式，做好术中结肠灌洗和围手术期治疗是手术成功关健。文章还强调了大肠癌早期诊断的重要性。     

大肠癌致肠梗阻的外科处理

目的探讨结直肠癌致急性肠梗阻病例的外科处理原则和方法。方法分析1990～2004年我院收治的56例结直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗资料,结合近年文献,评价其外科处理方法。结果56例均行手术治疗,Ⅰ期行右半结肠切除12例;Ⅰ期行横结肠切除5例;Ⅰ期行左半结肠切除26例;Ⅰ期行左半结肠或上段直肠癌切除、近端造口(Hartmann造口术)、远端关闭待Ⅱ期吻合术12例,其中肿瘤无法切除行乙状结肠造口2例;1例行回肠横结肠捷径手术。术后出现并发症11例,其中肺部感染5例,泌尿系感染2例,切口裂开2例,呼吸衰竭及心肌梗死各1例,无吻合口瘘等并发症发生。死亡2例,病死率为3.57%。结论重视对结直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科治疗,选择合适的术式,可减少并发症发生,提高疗效。对于左半结肠癌或上段直肠癌致肠梗阻,做好术中的肠道减压及灌肠、行Ⅰ期左半结肠切除是安全可行的。     

结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的手术治疗

目的 探讨结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻I期切除吻合的手术方式的可行性。方法 对68例结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻患者的手术治疗进行回顾性总结分析。结果 68例病人中，行Ⅰ期右半结肠切除吻合15例(切除率78．9％)，无吻合口瘘；行Ⅰ期左半结肠或乙状结肠切除吻合34例(切除率73．9％)，有1例发生吻合El瘘。结论 右半结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻宜行Ⅰ期右半结肠切除吻合或捷径手术，左半结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻在患者全身及局部情况允许时也尽可能行Ⅰ期切除吻合。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.