Spontaneous delivery following tension-free vaginal tape procedure

There has been no report in the international literature concerning vaginal delivery following tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Most gynecologists recommend cesarean section after TVT procedure. We present the case of a 37-year-old (gravida 2, para 2) woman who had spontaneous delivery at 40 weeks’ gestation after TVT procedure performed 10 months prior because of stress urinary incontinence. Five months after spontaneous delivery, the patient was shown to be continent, with no urinary leakage occurring following stress maneuver. Urodynamic evaluation showed normal urethral pressure profile and sufficient maximum urethral closure pressure. Introital ultrasound demonstrated the correct position of the Prolene tape. In cases of pregnancy following TVT procedure, a general recommendation of delivery by cesarean section may be questioned, since the function and correct suburethral position of the Prolene tape can also remain intact following vaginal delivery.     

Preferences and concerns for delivery: an antepartum survey

Little is known regarding patient preferences for method of delivery despite concern about rising cesarean section rates. We hypothesize that the majority of pregnant women desire a vaginal birth. An anonymous survey was distributed to pregnant women assessing demographics, pregnancy history, delivery preference, and concern for outcomes. Five-hundred fifty respondents completed the survey; 43% were nulliparous. The majority preferred vaginal delivery (89.6%). Reasons included reduced recovery pain (72%), scars (68%), and bleeding (48%). Cesarean deliveries were believed to cause more maternal injuries (39%), but affect sexual function less (35%). Nulliparas were more concerned about vaginal support damage (p = .005), sexual function changes (p ≤ 0.001), and need for episiotomy (p ≤ .001). Despite this, 93% of nulliparas chose vaginal birth. Increased parity was associated with preference for cesarean delivery (r = 0.108, p = 0.013). Despite nulliparas’ concerns about complications of vaginal delivery, the majority of pregnant women would choose vaginal birth.     

PLLA 在老年性阴道炎患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨聚左旋乳酸（PLLA）在老年性阴道炎患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2021年4月-2022年 3月南昌添润医疗美容门诊部收治的50例老年性阴道炎患者作为研究对象，选用PLLA作为干预因素，采用阴 道黏膜下多点注射，术后3个月观察患者阴道健康指数、阴道症状指数及阴道内pH变化。结果 治疗后阴道健 康评分为（9.84±1.69）分，高于治疗前的（6.06±2.14）分，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；治疗后阴道症 状评分为（5.92±1.75）分，低于治疗前的（8.08±1.95）分，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；治疗前后阴道 内pH值比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 PLLA可以改善老年性阴道炎阴道黏膜老化症状，提高阴 道健康状况，改善阴道内环境，在阴道年轻化中具有较高的临床应用价值。     

阴道pH值与血清雌二醇水平的相关性研究

目的 :探究妇女不同时期阴道 p H值与血清雌二醇 ( E2 )水平的相关性。方法 :2 85例已婚妇女 ,排除阴道炎症、阴道用药、性生活等影响因素 ,按月经周期、早孕、围绝经期及绝经期不同阶段分组 ,用精密 p H试纸测定阴道 p H值 ,同时应用磁性分离酶免疫法测定血清 E2 水平进行相关性分析。结果 :血清 E2 水平与阴道 p H值呈显著负相关 ( r=-0 .76 ,P<0 .0 5) ,阴道 p H值变化范围在 ( 7.6± 0 .3 )～ ( 3 .0± 0 .0 )之间。妇女阴道 p H值依次为妊娠期明显低于排卵期、排卵期低于卵泡期、卵泡期低于绝经期 ( P均 <0 .0 5)。结论 :阴道 p H值在一定范围内可反映血清 E2 水平 ,检测方便、快捷 ,价格低廉 ,可用于已婚妇女雌激素水平的判定、排卵期监测等     

The effect of mode of delivery on postpartum sexual functioning in primiparous women

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of mode of delivery on postpartum sexual functioning in primiparous women. A total of 248 primiparous women were recruited into this study. One hundred fifty-six delivered spontaneously with mediolateral episiotomy and 92 had elective cesarean section. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index, a validated questionnaire separately evaluating desire, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Subjects were questioned relating their pre-pregnancy experiences during the first antenatal visit when the pregnancy was not more than six gestational weeks. The test was repeated 6 months postpartum. Statistical evaluation was carried out by SPSS for Windows v.11. In the vaginal delivery with mediolateral episiotomy group, there were significant decreases in the scores 6 months after delivery when compared to scores before pregnancy (p<0.001). In the cesarean section group, no difference was observed between pre-pregnancy and postpartum scores (p>0.05). When the two groups were compared, there was a significant difference between 6 months postpartum scores (p<0.001). Not only pain, but also other important aspects of sexual function, such as arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction are affected by performing mediolateral episiotomy during vaginal delivery, well beyond the puerperal period. Concerning its effects on postpartum sexual functioning, a policy of restricting mediolateral episiotomy use should be adopted.     

Long-term chronic complications from Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension: a case series

Purpose/objective Long-term complications from anti-incontinence surgical procedures are rarely reported. We report on delayed presentation of complications relating to the synthetic bolster placed for the Stamey bladder neck suspension. Materials and methods: Patients undergoing re-operative surgery following prior Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension were selected from a surgical database. Four women with lower urinary tract and/or vaginal symptoms following prior Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension were identified. All patients had undergone removal of the bolster material by a single surgeon (ESR) at re-operation. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed. Results: Patients presented with a variety of symptoms including urinary incontinence, recurrent cystitis, vaginitis, and urinary frequency at 9, 11, 11, and 12 years after Stamey bladder neck suspension. In addition, two patients presented with recurrent, intermittent bloody vaginal discharge and two patients complained of recurrent urinary tract infections and irritative voiding symptoms. All patients underwent transvaginal excision of the Dacron bolster. Three patients also underwent placement of an autologous pubovaginal sling for symptomatic recurrent stress urinary incontinence. At a mean follow-up of 30 months all four patients were improved. There was no recurrence of vaginal discharge or urinary tract infections. Irritative voiding symptoms resolved. Conclusions: Delayed complications from surgically implanted synthetic materials can present many years after initial implantation. The clinical findings are often subtle and require a high degree of suspicion. Vaginal discharge and irritative urinary symptoms in patients with even a remote history of Stamey bladder neck suspension should prompt a thorough vaginal exam and cystoscopy. Excision of the bolsters can be performed and is usually followed by symptomatic improvement.     

The influence of pH on antimicrobial substances in canine vaginal and urethral secretions

Summary Trimethoprim and rosamicin (a new basic macrolide antibiotic) were administered to normal and oophorectomised female dogs by constant intravenous infusion before and after oestrogen and androgen administration. Their concentrations in plasma and in urethral and vaginal secretions were determined by bioassay and correlated with the pH values of vaginal and urethral secretions. Both compounds were concentrated in the vaginal and urethral secretions in reverse correlation with the pH of these fluids. Trimethoprim and rosamicin have antimicrobial spectra well suited for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and vaginitis and require further clinical investigation.     

Pudendal nerve function during pregnancy and after delivery

The aim of the study was to assess pudendal nerve function serially during pregnancy and after delivery. Twenty-eight women participated at 14, 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and 12 weeks postpartum. A prospective study of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency during pregnancy and after delivery was carried out. Results showed that pudendal nerve terminal motor latency did not increase significantly during pregnancy but increased significantly after delivery. EDITORIAL COMMENT: This is the first report of sequential pudendal nerve terminal motor latency studies during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The results confirm the widely held impression that the neurological damage producing the pelvic floor neuropathy occurs at the time of vaginal delivery and not during the course of pregnancy. Of significance is the increase of latency in the pudendal nerve in all patients studied in the postpartum period compared to their prepartum values. This occurred in spite of decreasing urinary and anal incontinence symptoms. For the future the pelvic floor-sparing effects of cesarean section need further study.     

剖宫产术与阴道助产术在足月妊娠临产胎儿窘迫中的疗效观察

目的研究和分析剖宫产术与阴道助产术在足月妊娠临产胎儿窘迫中临床疗效。方法选取50例2013年1～6月来我院进行足月妊娠临产胎儿窘迫治疗的患者,将其按挂号的流水号随机抽查分为对照组与试验组,每组各25例患者。试验组的患者采用剖宫产术,对照组的患者使用阴道助产术。将试验组与对照组两组产妇的母婴结局进行分析与对比。结果两组患者在脐带因素方面具有明显的差异,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论患者一旦出现临产胎儿窘迫,应按照孕妇具体情况选择剖宫产术或阴道助产术尽快结束分娩,同时做好新生儿抢救等后续工作,避免新生儿窒息,减少围产儿死亡率。     

Burn contracture preventing uterine expansion.

Two patients are described who previously sustained full-thickness burn injuries to their abdomens requiring split-thickness skin grafting. This created a restriction on the expanding pregnant uterus, necessitating surgical release and split-thickness skin grafting. These patients continued through normal pregnancy to subsequent normal vaginal delivery.     

The effect of vaginal and cesarean delivery on lower urinary tract symptoms: what makes the difference?

A prospective cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pregnancy and childbirth in nulliparous pregnant women. The focus of this paper is on the difference in the prevalences and risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between woman who delivered vaginally or by cesarean and secondly the effect of LUTS on the quality of life between these two groups was analyzed. Included were 344 nulliparous pregnant women who completed four questionnaires with the Urogenital Distress Inventory and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Two groups were formed: vaginal delivery group (VD), which included spontaneous vaginal delivery and an instrumental vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery group (CD). No statistical significant differences were found in the prevalences of LUTS during pregnancy between the two groups. Three months after childbirth, urgency and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) are less prevalent in the CD group, but no statistical difference was found 1 year postpartum. Stress incontinence was significantly more prevalent in the VD group at 3 and 12 months postpartum. The presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in early pregnancy is predictive for SUI both in the VD as in CD group. A woman who underwent a CD and had SUI in early pregnancy had an 18 times higher risk of having SUI in year postpartum. Women were more embarrassed by urinary frequency after a VD. After a CD, 9% experienced urge urinary incontinence. Urge incontinence affected the emotional functioning more after a cesarean, but the domain scores on the IIQ were low, indicating a minor restriction in lifestyle. In conclusion, after childbirth, SUI was significantly more prevalent in the group who delivered vaginally. Besides a vaginal delivery, we found both in the VD and in the CD group that the presence of SUI in early pregnancy increased the risk for SUI 1 year after childbirth. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effect of SUI in early pregnancy on SUI later in life. Women were more embarrassed by urinary frequency after a vaginal delivery. UUI after a CD compared to a vaginal birth limited the women more emotionally; no difference was found for the effect of SUI on the quality of life between the two groups.     

Anorectal symptoms after various modes of vaginal delivery

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and the changes in, anorectal symptoms following different modes of vaginal delivery in primiparous women. Six hundred and seventeen questionnaires were distributed to primiparous women 3–4 years after delivery. The questionnaires were designed to obtain information regarding the development of anorectal symptoms, including the type of symptoms experienced, their severity and their impact on lifestyle. A total of 479 questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 77.6%. Women included in the study were divided into three groups on the basis of the mode of delivery (normal vaginal, vacuum extraction and forceps). Any episode of fecal incontinence was considered to be abnormal. Following delivery, de novo incontinence developed in 22%. There was no significant difference between the three modes of vaginal delivery in terms of the development of fecal incontinence (normal vaginal delivery 22%, vacuum extraction 20%, forceps delivery 26%). Furthermore, analysis of obstetric variables could not identify one significant independent risk factor for anorectal incontinence. The results of this study suggest that instrumental vaginal deliveries are as safe as a normal vaginal delivery in terms of the development of anorectal symptoms.Abbreviations PNTML Pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies - EMG ElectromyographyEditorial Comment: This is a well-written article that addresses an important issue in obstetrics and gynecology, i.e. the likely consequences of defective anal sphincter function after pregnancy and delivery. As the authors emphasize, the article suffers from the fact that this was a retrospective study. Furthermore, it would have been very interesting to know the differences between patients undergoing cesarean section and those giving birth vaginally. In two recently published investigations there were no differences between cesarean section and normal vaginal delivery in terms of fecal and urinary incontinence post partum. We still do not know how to identify patients who are at risk of developing incontinence after pregnancy and delivery.     

Refractory urinary tract and vulvovaginal infection caused by Candida krusei

Candida krusei is an uncommon cause of vaginitis and cystitis but is unique because of the management challenge it poses due to intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and flucytosine. We report a case of C. krusei vaginitis and cystitis successfully managed with topical vaginal and intravesical amphotericin B. The challenges in managing C. krusei cystitis and the role of amphotericin B bladder irrigation in the management of fungal urinary tract infections are discussed.     

V-NOTES术后足月妊娠经阴道分娩成功案例报告

目的初步探讨经阴道自然腔道内镜手术(transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery，V-NOTES)术后经阴道分娩的安全性和可行性。 方法回顾性分析在南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院妇科行V-NOTES术后经阴道分娩患者的临床资料并进行总结分析。患者27岁，2019年2月25日因诊断为右侧输卵管异位妊娠，接受V-NOTES右侧输卵管切除术，术后恢复良好，阴道后穹窿切口愈合良好。患者术后成功妊娠，于2020年9月9日经阴道分娩。 结果该产妇成功分娩1个体质量3 600 g的健康男婴，母子情况良好，阴道后穹窿切口处未出现新的撕裂伤，定期随访结果良好。 结论在严格把握手术适应证与禁忌证的前提下，如果术者的手术技术娴熟，行V-NOTES治疗妇科疾病后的患者经阴道分娩可能是安全、可行的。     

Acquired methaemoglobinaemia in pregnancy. A case report

The first report of transient, presumably drug-induced, acquired methaemoglobinaemia in pregnancy is presented. The patient required no treatment and there was no fetal distress or intra-uterine growth retardation. A normal, full-term, female infant was born by normal vaginal delivery.     

骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤

报道11例女性骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤,6例痊愈,2例好转,3例死亡。其致伤机理多与会阴部骑跨伤时骨折暴力传导至阴道,使阴道上下受累而致伤有关。骨盆骨折合并阴道损伤早期可因阴道出血不明显而漏诊,晚期可遗留阴道粘连、狭窄和性生活障碍等并发症。作者认为对女性不稳定性骨盆骨折应常规做泌尿生殖道检查。早期妥善处理可有效减少并发症。     

Neuraxial analgesia in a pregnant woman with Fowler’s syndrome and sacral neuromodulation

We report the anesthetic management of a 16-year-old woman with Fowler’s syndrome who became pregnant three years after sacral neuromodulation was initiated for treatment of the condition. Multidisciplinary consensus was to switch off the neurostimulator during pregnancy, and attempt vaginal delivery with a neuraxial block. When the patient was admitted for labor, an epidural catheter was placed successfully. The patient had a normal vaginal delivery. Sacral neuromodulation was restarted uneventfully in the early puerperium and the Fowler’s syndrome remains well controlled. The baby continues to develop normally three years after delivery.     

Abdominal Sacral Colpopexy with Prolene Mesh

The objective was to evaluate abdominal colposacropexy using Prolene mesh to correct total vaginal vault prolapse or total procidentia. Between 1994 and 1997 we performed colposacropexy on 15 patients for simple vaginal vault prolapse (in 7 cases after hysterectomy) and for total uterine prolapse in 8 cases. In these cases a simple abdominal hysterectomy was performed. We simultaneously performed colposacropexy with colposuspension according to the Burch technique for urinary stress incontinence in 6 cases. The colposacropexy technique consisted of isolating the vaginal apex and creating a retroperitoneal tunnel from the vagina to the sacral promontory. Between the vaginal cul de sac and the sacrum, a mesh of Prolene is inserted and fixed with non-absorbable sutures. The Foley catheter was removed after 4–12 days (average 5). Average follow-up was 15 months. No intraoperative complications occurred, and all patients who were sexually active have resumed normal sexual activity; no infections or rejections of the prostheses have been verified. We believe that it is very important to restore the normal anatomic support of the vaginal vault after prolapse. This strong support is assured by fixing the vaginal apex to the periosteum of the sacrum using Prolene mesh. Colposacropexy with Prolene mesh is a safe and effective technique for the surgical therapy of vaginal vault prolapse.     

Sphincter tears in primiparous women: is age a factor?

Anal sphincter tears during vaginal delivery may result in serious sequelae. We examined whether younger primiparous patients were at increased risk for sphincter tears during vaginal delivery. Data from an obstetric automated record were analyzed. Primiparous women delivering term infants (n = 5,937) were included to test for an association between age and sphincter tear rates. Three age groups were considered: young adolescents (≤16 years), older adolescents (17–20 years), and adults (≥21 years). No significant difference was found in tear rates among age cohorts (9.2%, 8.0%, and 9.6% respectively; p = 0.12). Logistic regression modeling revealed that young adolescents were not more likely to have sphincter tears compared to older cohorts. Younger adolescents may not be at increased risk of anal sphincter tears. Decisions regarding interventions to decrease sphincter tears during vaginal delivery should not be made on the basis of maternal age alone. Presented at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons, Savannah, GA, USA, April 14–16, 2008.     

球海绵体肌瓣重叠法阴道缩窄术治疗产后阴道松弛

目的：探讨一种有效的阴道缩窄整形术的方法。方法：经阴道口皮肤黏膜交界处切开．剥离阴道黏膜，分离出撕裂的球海绵体肌．形成肌瓣。将肌瓣折叠缝合，然后纵行缝合阴道黏膜，并形成阴道黏膜隆突。结果：本组11例患者均采用球海绵体肌重叠缝合法行阴道缩窄术，9例患者术后随访3个月至2年，夫妻性生活的质量均有明显提高，效果满意。结论：经此手术后可以矫正阴道松弛，提高患者性生活质量，效果确切。