不育症伴精索静脉曲张两种术式疗效比较

目的观察显微镜下高位小切口精索静脉结扎术与传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,对不育伴有精索静脉曲张患者精液质量的影响。方法60例男性不育症患者分成两组,各30例;分别行显微镜下高位小切口精索静脉结扎术（显微镜组）和传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术（传统术组）。比较两组患者术前、术后3月和6个月的精液质量及不育症复发情况。结果两组患者术后精液质量较术前都有较大的改善;显微镜组精液质量好于传统手术组。显微镜组不育症复发率明显低于传统手术组。结论显微镜下高位小切H精索静脉结扎术效果优于传统经腹股沟精索静脉结扎术,是不育伴有精索静脉曲张患者治疗的首选方法。     

显微镜下精索静脉结扎术和腹腔镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的效果比较

目的比较显微镜下精索静脉结扎术和腹腔镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的效果。方法 60例精索静脉曲张患者随机分为两组各30例,对照组进行腹腔镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗,实验组进行显微镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗。比较两组患者的围手术期相关指标,以及手术前后的血清IgA、 IgG浓度和精子质量。结果实验组的手术时间显著长于对照组,住院时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院费用及术后阴囊水肿发生率均显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。实验组术后6天的IgA、 IgG浓度均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。术后半年,实验组的精子密度、精子存活率以及(a+b)级精子百分率均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论显微镜下精索静脉结扎术相较于腹腔镜下精索静脉结扎术的创伤更小,术后精液质量更高,阴囊水肿发生率更低。     

腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比

目的探讨腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比。方法回顾性分析2010年2月²014年2月期间在我院就诊的120例精索静脉曲张患者,其中行腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术40例(腹腔镜组)、行改良Palomo术40例(改良组)、行经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术40例(常规组),对比三组患者的手术时间、住院天数以及术后疗效。结果三组患者在手术时间、住院时间均无显著性差异(p>0.05),术后3个月、6个月时精液质量均较治疗前有显著改善(p<0.05),但三组组内比较3个月、6个月时精液质量无显著性差异(p>0.05)。而常规组患者手术复发率显著高于腹腔镜组和改良组(p<0.05)。结论精索静脉曲张患者采用腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术治疗均能取得较好的治疗效果,而对于双侧的曲张患者,建议选择腹腔镜手术。     

显微技术在精索静脉结扎术中的应用

目的 探讨显微镜技术在曲张精索静脉结扎术中的优势.方法 因精索静脉曲张行曲张精索静脉结扎术患者68例,根据不同的手术方式分为三组,采用传统开放高位曲张精索静脉结扎23例(传统开放组),腹腔镜曲张精索静脉结扎25例(腹腔镜组),显微镜小切口低位曲张精索静脉结扎20例(显微镜组).对三组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、住院总费用、手术前后精液分析、术后并发症等进行比较分析.结果 显微镜组手术时间、出血量、住院时间及住院总费用均明显优于其他两组(P＜0.01),术中损伤及术后并发症少于其他两组,术后6个月前进精子密度(a+b)高于其他两组[传统开放组为(31±1)％,腹腔镜组为(39±1)％,显微镜组为(45±1)％](P＜0.01或＞0.05).结论 显微手术治疗精索静脉曲张具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短、住院总费用低、精液分析参数改善明显、术后并发症少、技术易推广等优势.     

腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效分析

目的观察腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育患者的疗效。方法 150例精索静脉曲张性不育患者行腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术,比较术前、术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量,并且追踪术后2年内配偶临床妊娠结果。结果术后精子密度、精子总数、a+b级精子数均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量各主要参数间对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后2年内配偶临床妊娠为90例(60%)。结论腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效好,能改善患者的精液质量,提高其配偶的怀孕率。     

腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张102例疗效分析

目的:探讨经腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的意义。方法对经腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗的102例精索静脉曲张患者进行分析,并与同期开放手术治疗的116例患者比较。结果:腹腔镜组平均住院时间3d±1.1d,对照组平均住院时间7d±1.5d,有显著差异(P<0.01);术后两组患者的症状、精液性质均较术前有显著改善(P<0.01),但术前、术后两组间同一参数相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:经腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术具有创伤小、病人术后恢复快、疗效确切等优点,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜与开放手术治疗精索静脉曲张

目的：观察腹腔镜与开放手术治疗精索脉曲张的疗效。方法：采用腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术40例 ，经腹股沟内环精索静脉高位结扎32例，术后随访3个月－3年。结果：所有患者术后精子计数、活动率、活动力较术前比较均有明显改善（P＜0．01），与常规手术组相比，腹腔镜组的精子计数、活动率、活动力改善更为明显（P＜0．01）。结论：腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张具有创伤小，疗效好，并发症少等优点，是治疗精索静脉曲张的理想方法。     

腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效分析

目的观察腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育患者的疗效。方法 150例精索静脉曲张性不育患者行腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术,比较术前、术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量,并且追踪术后2年内配偶临床妊娠结果。结果术后精子密度、精子总数、a+b级精子数均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量各主要参数间对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后2年内配偶临床妊娠为90例(60%)。结论腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效好,能改善患者的精液质量,提高其配偶的怀孕率。     

腹腔镜与显微镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的效果比较

目的比较腹腔镜与显微镜下精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张(VC)的临床效果。方法将76例VC患者随机分为腹腔镜组(行腹腔镜下高位结扎术)与显微镜组(行显微镜下高位结扎术)各38例,观察两组术前及术后6个月精液质量、体内性激素水平的变化及术后阴囊水肿情况。结果术后6个月,两组精液质量较术前明显改善(P<0.01),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,两组性激素各项指标均较术前明显改善(P<0.01),但显微镜组改善更为明显(P<0.05或P<0.01)。显微镜组术后阴囊水肿率、VC复发率均明显低于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),但术后疼痛缓解率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论显微镜下精索静脉结扎术具有疗效好、并发症少及术后不易复发等优点,有望替代腹腔镜成为治疗VC的首选方法。     

腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及价值体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及患者精液质量的改善效果。方法：选择2019年8月至2021年12月医院收治的精索静脉曲张患者82例作为研究对象,随机数字抽签分为2组,各41例。对照组行开放经腹膜外精索静脉高位结扎术治疗,观察组行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗,评价两组治疗效果,记录围手术期指标,测定术前、术后的精液质量参数,观察术后并发症发生情况和复发情况。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为97.56%,高于对照组80.49%,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随访6个月观察组复发率0.00%与对照组3.03%,比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组手术时间高于对照组,术中出血量、下床活动时间、住院时间低于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后6个月,两组精液量、精液浓度、精子活力及正常形态精子百分率高于术前,而且观察组各参数高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率为4.88%,低于对照组24.39%,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：治疗精索静脉曲张采取腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗可改善患者的...     

Significant improvement of sperm DNA quality after microsurgical repair of varicocele

Varicocele is currently the most common irregularity identified in males that is associated with impaired spermatogenesis. It primarily presents in the form of decreased sperm count and motility, abnormal morphology, and significantly increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Several studies have shown that surgical repair improves semen parameters and increases the odds of spontaneous pregnancy. However the exact effect of surgical repair treatment remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microsurgical repair by comparing common semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). We evaluated infertile men (n?=?19) who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy for treatment of clinical varicocele before and 3 months after surgery. Normozoospermic men (n?=?19) were considered as the normal control group. Semen parameters improved significantly after surgery when compared with that before surgery, but still significant differences with the normal control group were observed. In comparison, sperm DNA integrity improved significantly after surgery (percentage DFI decreased from 28.4?±?15.6% before surgery to 22.4?±?12.9%, at 3 months post surgery) to similar levels as the normal control group. These results suggest that microsurgical repair may be considered as a treatment option in infertile men with palpable varicocele.     

三种术式治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术、改良Palomo术和传统开放手术(经腹股沟管精索静脉结扎术)治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效及差别.方法 将135例精索静脉曲张手术患者按照随机数字表法分为三组,腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术组(A组,50例)、改良Palomo术组(B组,70例)和传统开放手术组(C组,15例),对三组患者的手术时间、住院时间、手术费用,术前、术后1、6、12个月的精液质量进行比较,并追踪18个月内患者精索静脉曲张复发、配偶临床妊娠结果 及睾丸萎缩的发生情况.结果 三组患者在单侧手术时间、住院时间方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);住院费用方面A组明显高于B、C组(P<0.05),而B、C组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组术后精液质量均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但组内术后1、6、12个月精液质量各参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后随访18个月,C组复发率13.3%(2/15),显著高于A组的0和B组的1.4%(1/70)(P<0.05),三组配偶临床妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)[A组68.0%(34/50),B组68.6%(48/70),C组66.7%(10/15)].随访期间三组均无睾丸萎缩.结论 腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术和改良Palomo术是治疗精索静脉曲张的安全、简单、有效的手术方式.对于单侧精索静脉曲张,改良Palomo术值得首先推荐;对于双侧和复发的精索静脉曲张,则可以优先考虑腹腔镜手术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effectiveness of laparoscopic high ligation of spermatic vein method, modified Palomo procedure and ligating of spermatic vein via inguinal canal for varicocele. Methods All 135 patients with varicocele who underwent varicocele were divided into three groups by random number table method: laparoscopic high ligation of spermatic vein method group (group A, 50 cases), modified Palomo procedure group(group B, 70 cases) and ligating of spermatic vein via inguinal canal group (group C, 15 cases). The surgery time,the length of stay,the hospital expenses,and the quality of their semen were collected at different time points (preoperation, 1,6,12 months after operation) and assessed,the recurrence rate,the pregnant outcomes of their spouses and the testicle atrophy rate 18 months postoperation were followed-up. Results There was no significant difference in the surgery time and the length of stay among three groups (P> 0.05). But the hospital expenses in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and group C (P <0.05). The quality of their semen were all significantly increased after operation in three groups compared with that before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the key parameters of the quality of their after operation among three groups (P> 0.05). During the follow-up of 18 months, the recurrence rate in semen group C (13.3% ,2/15) was significantly higher than that in group A (0) and group B (1.4%, l/70)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in their spouses who were found to have clinical pregnant outcomes during follow-up [group A: 68.0%(34/50),group B:68.6%(48/70),group C:66.7%(10/15)](P> 0.05). No testicle atrophy happened during follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery and modified Palomo procedure are safe,convenient and effective surgical techniques. Modified Palomo procedure is recommended for unilateral varicocele. Laparoscopic surgery has advantages for recurrent and bilateral varicocele.     

Efficacy and safety of varicocelectomies: A meta-analysis

This study reviewed the efficacy and safety of the three surgical approaches for varicocele (microsurgical, laparoscopic, and open varicocelectomy). A systematic review of the relevant randomized clinical trials was performed. Trials were identified from specialized trials register of the Cochrane UGDP Group, the Cochrane library, additional electronic searches (mainly MEDLINE, EMBSAE, SCI, CBM), and handsearching. Clinical trials comparing microsurgical, laparoscopic and open varicocelectomies were included. Statistical analysis was managed using Review Manager 5.3. Seven clinical trials of 1,781 patients were included. The meta-analysis indicated that compared with open varicocelectomy, microsurgery had a higher pregnancy rate (p=0.002), while there was nonsignificant difference between microsurgical and laparoscopic varicocelectomies or between laparoscopic and open varicocelectomies. Both microsurgical and laparoscopic varicocelectomies had a greater increase in postoperative sperm concentration than open varicocelectomy (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). Microsurgical varicocelectomy also showed better improvement in postoperative sperm motility (p=0.02). Compared with the other two, microsurgical varicocelectomy had the longest operative time (p=0.01 and p=0.0004 respectively). A nonsignificant difference was found in the hospital stay between the three approaches, whereas microsurgical and laparoscopic varicocelectomies had a shorter time to return to work. Moreover, microsurgical varicocelectomy had a lower incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence compared with the others. Analysis of current evidence shows that microsurgical varicocelectomy has a longer operative time, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and recurrence than laparoscopic and open varicocelectomies, and shows a higher pregnancy rate, with a greater increase in postoperative sperm concentration, better improvement in postoperative sperm motility, and shorter time to return to work than open varicocelectomy.     

经脐单孔无气腹腹腔镜下治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的效果观察

目的了解经脐单孔法无气腹腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的临床疗效。方法选取精索静脉曲张患者40例,行经脐单孔法无气腹腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,观察患者的手术时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症及术后3个月时精液质量改善情况。结果 40例患者术后均顺利完成,无明显出血影响手术操作,无严重手术并发症,术后阴囊坠胀不适感均消失或减轻,阴囊触诊扩张迂曲的静脉明显缩小,Valsava试验阴性。其中单侧患者手术时间为18~25 min,平均24.2 min;双侧患者手术时间为35~47 min,平均36.7 min。平均住院时间2.4 d。经过3个月随访,无复发病例,术后3个月复查精液常规,精液质量明显改善,术后精子密度、活率、（A＋B）级精子比例与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术可作为治疗精索静脉曲张性不育的一种可选术式,可取得良好的临床疗效。     

显微精索静脉结扎术治疗男性不育56例报告

目的探讨显微精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张不育的临床效果。方法采用显微精索静脉结扎技术治疗56例精索静脉曲张不育患者,观察术前及术后1、3、12个月的精液质量并随访观察1年内配偶的妊娠率。结果56例患者术前精子浓度为（16．1±6．3）×10^6个／ml,术后1、3和12个月的精子浓度分别为（32．3±12．3）×10^6个／ml、（38．3±14．7）×10^6个／ml和（39．9±14．2）×10^6个／ml;术前精子总数为（54．2±18．3）×10^6个,术后1、3和12个月的精子总数分别为（112．5±48．8）×10^6、（125．7±47．7）×10^6和（126．7±49．5）×10^6个;术前前向运动精子总数为（7．3±1．5）×10^6个,术后1、3和12个月的前向运动精子总数分别为（53．8±9．0）×10^6、（66．2±10．2）×10^6和（68．3±11．9）×10。个,术后3项指标均有明显提高,与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义。术后随访1年妊娠率为60．7％。结论显微精索静脉结扎术可显著改善精索静脉曲张不育患者的精液质量,提高奸娠率。     

ROLE OF ESTROGENS IN HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

We reviewed records from patients who underwent two different microsurgical varicocelectomy methods: 147 (high inguinal (MHIV) and 65 sub-inguinal (MSIV) microsurgery) to compare the therapeutic activity and complications. Patients who had 2 different microsurgical varicocelectomies were compared according to preoperative connected vein, number of designated arteries, postoperative semen and improvement degree in hormone parameters, increased ratio related with pregnancy and complications. The ratio of improvement of postoperative semen parameters in patients where MHIV and MSIV were performed was, 42% and 38% (p > 0.05). Pregnancy was achieved in MHIV at a ratio of 41% (34/82) and 33% (22/65) in MSIV (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference according to mean operation periods, the vein connected between the groups. The number of testicular arteries were significantly higher than the ones in MHIV (p < 0.01). However, as a postoperative complication, hydrocele was not seen in any of the patients, while relapses occurred in 1 MHIV and 2 MSIV patients. MHIV and MSIV techniques are effective methods to treat varicocele. However, the excess number of connected veins due to the anatomic feature of MSIV increases the possibility of relapses and the technical difficulty during surgical intervention.     

精索静脉高位结扎术对抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子数量、活动力的影响

目的探讨精索静脉曲张患者在精索静脉高位结扎术前、后精液中抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子数量、活动力的变化。方法选取精索静脉曲张患者35例。用混合抗球蛋白凝集法(MAR)、改良的Kennedy法测定术前和术后3～6个月精液中抗精子抗体、精子顶体酶活性及精子计数、活动力(a及b级活动力精子的百分率)测定。结果精索静脉高位结扎术后患者精液中抗精子抗体有下降、精子顶体酶活性较术前明显增高、精子数量增加、活动力升高。结论精索静脉高位结扎术对精索静脉曲张患者精液中抗精子抗体的下降、精子顶体酶活性的提高、精液质量的提高有帮助。