男性不育精浆弓形虫感染与生精细胞凋亡关系的研究

目的探讨男性不育精浆弓形虫感染与生精细胞凋亡及精子凋亡与男性不育关系。方法应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)介导的脱氧核苷酸原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测正常生育、不育男性精液中的生精细胞凋亡。结果男性不育精浆弓形虫感染组生精细胞凋亡率为(14．17± 7．16)％,显著高于男性不育弓形虫感染阴性组生精细胞凋亡率(12．22±6．18)％(P<0．05)。男性不育组精子凋亡发生率为(13．76±9．19)％,显著高于正常生育组男性精子凋亡发生率(4．28± 1．67)％(P<0．01)。结论精子凋亡与男性不育有着密切关系,弓形虫感染可引起生精细胞凋亡。     

幽门螺杆菌与胃黏膜bFGF,FGFR-2表达的关系及意义

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(H pylori)感染的胃黏膜上皮细胞碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子受体-2 (FGFR-2)的表达及其在胃黏膜癌变过程中的意义.方法:选择慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)30例、胃黏膜肠上皮化生(IM)29例、不典型增生(Dys) 31例及胃癌(GC)55例.采用免疫组化SP法检测胃黏膜上皮细胞bFGF,FGFR-2表达状况,用快速尿素酶试验和组织学Warthin-Starry嗜银染色法联合检测胃黏膜H pylori感染情况.结果:CSG组bFGF,FGFR-2的表达显著低于其余三组(IM组:χ~2=4.002,P<0.05;χ~2= 4.163,P<0.05;Dys组:χ~2=15.779,P=0.000;χ~2=15.949,P=0.000;GC组:χ~2=24.110,P= 0.000;χ~2=18.736,P=0.000),IM组的表达低于Dys组及GC组(Dys组:χ~2=4.258,P<0.05;χ~2 =4.212,P<0.05:GC组:χ~2=7.786,P<0.01;χ~2 =4.687,P<0.05),而Dys组与GC组间无显著性差异.H pylori阳性IM及Dys组bFGF,FGFR-2的表达均显著高于阴性组(IM组:χ~2=10.076,P<0.01;χ~2=7.535,P<0.01;Dys组:χ~2=11.501,P<0.01;χ~2=8.330,P<0.01).H pylori阳性Dys组bFGF,FGFR-2表达显著高于GC组(χ~2= 4.201,P<0.05;χ~2=3.982,P<0.05),H pylori阳性IM组则与GC组的表达无显著性差异;H pylori阴性Dys组及IM组bFGF的表达均显著低于GC组(χ~2=5.736,P<0.05;χ~2=17.113,P= 0.000),H pylori阴性Dys组FGFR-2表达与GC组无显著性差异而IM组的FGFR-2的表达显著低于GC组(χ~2=11.091,P<0.05).结论:H pylori感染引起胃黏膜上皮细胞bFGF及FGFR-2的过度表达可能与H pylori感染致胃黏膜上皮细胞的癌变有关.     

性病门诊就诊者泌尿生殖道性传播疾病的病原学检测分析

目的了解门诊就诊者泌尿生殖道病原体感染状况。方法收集北京佑安医院2005年7月～2006年5月门诊就诊者2 178例泌尿生殖道标本,进行病原体检测。结果2178份标本中有642份检出病原体,患病率为29.48%。单一感染450份(70.09%),其中检出淋球菌34份(29.82%),沙眼衣原体48份(44.44%),支原体363份(71.18%);混合感染192份(29.91%),其中淋球菌合并Ct或Uu者90份(24.75%),Ct Uu Mh102份(11.85%)。三种病原体在男女就诊者中的检出率有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论中青年就诊者的泌尿生殖道病原体阳性率较高,应重视病原学检查,进一步加强性病防治工作力度。     

二维超声诊断老年冠心病颈动脉硬化的特征及血流动力学变化

目的探讨应用超声诊断老年冠心病(CHD)患者颈动脉硬化(CAS)特征及血流动力学变化。方法选取829例患者,其中CHD患者589例(观察组),非CHD患者240例(对照组),观察组中合并心肌梗死252例(A组),无合并心肌梗死337例(B组)。所有患者实施超声扫描,对比颈动脉影像学表现及血流动力学参数。结果观察组患者内中膜厚度(IMT)增厚(332/56.37%)、斑块(277/47.03%)、IMT、斑块厚度、斑块积分均高于对照组(χ2=7.923,P<0.01;χ2=18.832,P<0.01;t=10.332,P<0.01;t=13.221,P<0.01;t=17.394;P<0.01);观察组以软斑(376/66.67%)为主,对照组以扁平斑(6/35.29%)、硬斑(9/52.94%)为主,扁平斑、硬斑、软斑斑块分布比例对比差异显著(χ2=9.348,P<0.01;χ2=14.554,P<0.01;χ2=20.324,P<0.01);观察组收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)高于对照组(t=13.332,P<0.01;t=26.439,P<0.01);A组患者IMT增厚(66/26.19%)低于B组,斑块(192/76.19%)高于B组(χ2=12.548,P<0.01;χ2=12.437,P<0.01)。结论应用超声诊断老年CHD患者颈动脉硬化特征及血流动力学变化有利于判别冠心病严重程度。     

沙眼衣原体不同omp1基因型感染泌尿生殖道的临床特征研究

目的探讨泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体(Ct)不同omp1基因型感染的临床特征。方法套式聚合酶链反应(Nested PCR)检测尿道(宫颈)拭子,诊断Ct omp1基因型感染,常规培养法检测泌尿道拭子中的淋球菌、解脲支原体/人型支原体,ELISA法检测单纯疱疹病毒,排除其他性传播感染。按照无症状感染、泌尿生殖道激惹症及异常分泌物三类临床表现,分析Ct各生物群、不同omp1基因型Ct感染的临床特征。结果共检测126例Ct阳性者,检出Ct 126株。宿主性别分析表明:三组生物群Ct中,各生物群Ct感染宿主时无性别选择性(P>0.05);所有感染者中,50%由B组感染,27.8%由C组感染,22.1%由中间组感染引起。对其中80例单纯Ct感染者的症状分析表明:无症状感染者中,女性多于男性(P<0.05);男性泌尿道感染omp1基因型D、F、J型常有症状(P=0.042<0.05);按生物组分析表明:B组、C组及中间组分别有50%、65.6%、55%感染者有症状,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.67,P<0.05)。结论不同的Ct omp1基因型感染泌尿生殖道后,男女患者的症状和体征间有一定差异。     

荧光定量PCR检测精液HCMV感染及与不育相关性研究

目的采用荧光定量PCR检测精液内人巨细胞病毒(HCMV),探讨精液HCMV感染及与男性不育的相关性。方法采用荧光定量PCR技术检测85例男性不育患者精液HCMV感染情况,采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法对不育患者精液作常规检测及形态分析。结果 85例男性不育患者精液中HCMV阳性率为3.8%(3/85),与生育组(0/16)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病毒感染组精子密度、精液pH值、精液量、液化时间、形态正常精子百分率与未感染组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。病毒感染组精子的头部畸形率显著高于未感染组(P0.05)。结论 HCMV感染可能导致精子头部畸形,与男性不育的发生关系密切。     

尿道宫颈炎支原体检测情况及药敏分析

目的对2641株培养阳性支原体的药敏结果进行统计分析,以便为临床支原体感染者的药物治疗提供有价值的参考信息,并提高临床疗效。方法采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒(14Drugs),对4714例泌尿生殖道感染患者进行支原体培养鉴定,对2641株支原体进行14种抗生素体外药敏试验。结果4803例患者标本中,支原体培养阳性者2641例,阳性率为54.99%。2641例支原体阳性者中,单纯解脲脲原体(Uu)感染1811例,占68.57%;单纯人型支原体(Mh)感染63例,占2.39%;Uu+Mh混合感染767例,占29.04%。男女患者支原体感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=152.409,P<0.001)。检出的2641株支原体中,44株全耐药株均为Uu+Mh混合感染,且其检出率逐年上升。耐药现象尤以环丙沙星与红霉素最为严重。单纯Uu感染其敏感性最高的为交沙霉素(99.75%),其次为克拉霉素(97.85%);耐药率最高的为环丙沙星(66.81%)。单纯Mh感染其敏感性最高的为强力霉素(96.83%),其次为交沙霉素(93.65%);耐药率最高的为红霉素(88.89%)。Uu和Mh混合感染的患者,敏感性最高的...     

性高危人群感染解脲脲原体和人型支原体分析

目的　探讨泌尿生殖道支原体在性高危人群中的感染状况。方法　采用培养法对 4 6 8例按摩妇女、95例性乱者、2 12例性病伴侣进行解脲脲原体 (Uu)和人型支原体 (Mh)的检测。结果　按摩妇女、性乱者、性病伴侣泌尿生殖道支原体感染率分别为 6 6 .7%、35 .8%、39.2 % ,与健康人群 (13.5 % )比较 ,差异均有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =174 .5 6、2 0 .91、37.98,P均 <0 .0 0 5 )。按摩妇女支原体感染率与性乱者、性病伴侣比较 ,差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =31 78、4 5 .37,P均 <0 .0 0 5 ) ,性乱者与性病伴侣比较 ,差异无显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =0 .31,P>0 .0 5 )。Uu感染率 (2 1.0 % )与Mh(8.0 % )比较 ,前者非常明显地高于后者 (χ2 =33.16 7,P <0 .0 0 5 )。女性支原体感染率 (6 3.0 % )非常明显地高于男性 (2 4 .5 % ) (χ2 =74 .5 5 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。男性Uu感染率 (9.0 % )与女性(2 0 .0 % )比较 ,女性非常明显地高于男性 (χ2 =10 .19,P <0 .0 0 5 )。Uu和Mh混合感染率 (2 9.6 % )非常明显地高于Uu(17.8% )或Mh(8.0 % )的感染率 (χ2 =2 9.5 6、117.99,P均 <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　Uu、Mh在按摩妇女、性乱者、性病伴侣中流行广、感染率高 ,在性病的防治和监测工作中应加以重视。     

4 224例性病门诊就诊者尿道(宫颈)炎分泌物相关病原体检测分析

目的比较分析性病门诊淋病和非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）的发病情况，探讨淋病合并NGU感染、沙眼衣原体（Ct）合并解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）感染的意义。方法对所有患者均同时检测淋球菌（Gc）、Ct、Uu、Mh。结果2004年到性病门诊就诊的患者共4224例，检出淋球菌感染459例，感染率10．87％。其中129例为Gc、Ct和Uu合并感染，感染率3．05％；检出NGU感染1370例（32．43％），其中363例为单纯Ct感染，感染率为8．51％；552例为单纯Uu感染，感染率为13．07％；110例为Mh感染，感染率为2．60％。Ct、Uu合并感染216例，感染率为5．11％。结论NGU感染阳性率明显高于淋球菌感染，在对性传播疾病（STD）怀疑NGU感染的高危人群检查或复查时，应同时检测Ct和Uu，尤其不能忽视高度怀疑Gc感染，同时合并Ct、Uu感染或淋球菌感染后非淋菌性尿道炎的发生。     

自然流产患者生殖器沙眼衣原体感染及其致病机理的研究

目的探讨沙眼衣原体（Ct）感染与自然流产的关系及可能的致病机理。方法对39例自然流产患者、33例正常生育及39例正常妊娠妇女，分别检测宫颈管粘液Ct—DNA、血清内特异性衣原体抗体（AcAb）及血清内抗子宫内膜抗体（EMAb）。结果自然流产患者与正常生育及妊娠组比较，宫颈管粘液Ct—DNA检出率显著增高（P＜0．05），而AcAh检出率无明显差异（P＞0．05）；但自然流产次数≥3次者，其宫颈管粘液Ct—DNA和AcAb检出率皆显著高于流产次数＜3次者及正常生育及妊娠组；自然流产患者血清内特异性EMAb检出率显著高于正常妊娠组；其中ACAb阳性的自然流产患者EMAb检出率显著高于AcAb阴性的自然流产患者。结论生殖器Ct感染是自然流产的病因之一，尤其与反复多次的自然流产有关；其致病机理可能与诱发子宫内膜局部组织的自身免疫反应有关。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。