冠状动脉旁路移植术后心绞痛复发患者行冠状动脉造影术的分析

1 资料与方法 选择2005年8月～2008年1月在我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后,因心绞痛复发而复查冠状动脉造影的患者82例,男65例,女17例,平均年龄(61.82±9.02)岁.冠状动脉造影时间平均(36.51±23.34)个月.旁路移植血管共199支,其中左内乳动脉桥41支,大隐静脉桥156支,桡动脉桥2支.     

MSCT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉旁路移植术后的应用

目的探讨64排MSCT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉旁路移植术后的应用价值。方法分析行冠状动脉旁路移植术后于我院2012年3月至2014年2月期间行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的患者35例。用评分的方法来客观评估冠状动脉桥血管吻合口及桥血管本身管腔狭窄的情况。对于中、重度狭窄的患者进一步行DSA检查,并与MSCT评估结果进行比较。结果35例患者共移植87支桥血管,其中评为2分的桥血管55支、评为1分的桥血管21支、评为0分的桥血管11支,桥血管通畅率为63．2％。评为1分的21支桥血管,经DSA检查18支桥血管评为1分、3支桥血管评为2分,正确率为85．7％;11支评为0分的桥血管经DSA检查均评为0分,正确率为100％。结论MSCT能够很好地显示冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管及其吻合口的狭窄及其程度,具有重要的实用价值。     

旋股外动脉降支在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用进展

旋股外动脉降支(DBLCFA)因可作为冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的移植血管而受到长期关注。DBLCFA可单独作为游离移植血管,或与乳内动脉构成复合移植血管实现CABG。近年来国外学者发现,该血管具有不易发生粥样硬化性病变和血管痉挛的特点,作为移植血管具有良好的冠状动脉血流适应性和近中期通畅率。DBLCFA是下肢重要侧支血管,但其长度、走形等解剖学特点变异大,目前缺乏可靠的术前评估策略,因此在CABG中的应用受到限制。随着计算机断层扫描血管造影及三维成像技术的应用,使DBLCFA的术前筛查、评估更加安全有效。DBLCFA增加了CABG术中移植血管的选择,有着广阔的应用前景。     

冠状动脉旁路手术中动脉材料的选择与应用

目的 在冠状动脉旁路手术(CABG)中寻求动脉材料作旁路移植，减少因大隐静脉桥(SVG)阻塞对远期通畅率的影响。方法 34例冠心病患者以乳内动脉(IMA)和桡动脉(RA)作为血管桥行CABG，采用不接触血管技术制备动脉桥，应用药物防止动脉痉挛。结果 取乳内动脉35根，桡动脉20根，大隐静脉11根，平均移植血管1．94支，死亡1例，手术死亡率2．9％。结论 使用动脉材料行旁路移植术安全有效，预计能保持移植血管长期通畅。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术766例的分析

目的:探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析766例OPCABG患者的临床资料。结果:766例中支病变40例,支病变109例,支病变617例,其中左主干病变83例,均选择胸部正中切口,每例移植血管1~6支,平均移植血管3.78支;随访1~56个月,631例(82.4%)症状完全消失,127例(16.6%)症状明显减轻,生活质量提高,6例死亡(0.78%),8例(1.04%)术中改常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)。术后3~12个月2例因血管桥堵塞需要作PTCA。呼吸机使用时间平均(16.35±19.8)h。住院时间(18.2±8)d。结论:非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术是绝大多数病例的首选术式,可以做到完全再血管化,满意的桥血流量,低并发症,操作安全,近期效果好,远期效果有待观察。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后移植血管再狭窄及介入治疗研究

目的　探讨冠状动脉旁路移植 (CABG)术后移植血管病变的特征及介入治疗的效果。　方法　CABG术后的 4 3例 (男性 37例 ,女性 6例 )患者 ,因心绞痛或心力衰竭而接受冠状动脉造影复查。行多体位投照 ,发现移植血管病变特征。获得家属书面同意书后 ,行支架置入术。术后即刻进入临床随访 ,记录心脏事件发生次数 ,术后 6个月时进行冠状动脉造影。　结果　再次出现心绞痛距CABG术的时间平均为 13 7(3～ 19)个月 ,复查冠状动脉造影距旁路移植术的时间为 2 1(6～ 2 4 )个月。总计桥血管 12 1根 ,其中动脉桥 12根 (10 % ) ,静脉桥 10 9根 (90 % )。 5例 <6 0岁患者计 9根桥(1 8个桥 /例 ) ,38例≥ 6 0岁患者计 112根 (3 0个桥 /例 )。CABG术后 3例 (7 2 % )发生院内急性心肌梗死。心脏超声测得患者左心室射血分数由CABG术前 (34 6± 11 5 ) %增加到 (46 2± 10 5 ) %(P <0 0 5 )。无动脉桥体狭窄 ,1例动脉桥远端吻合口狭窄 (8 3% ) ,1例动脉桥失败后改用静脉桥。10 9根静脉桥中 ,桥病变总数 4 8根 (44 0 % ) ,其中 17根桥狭窄并血栓形成 (35 4 % ) ,31根静脉桥闭塞 (6 4 6 % ) ,闭塞位于开口后 1～ 2mm处 ,前降支和右冠状动脉的静脉桥闭塞数量 (均为 14根 ,4 5 2 % )明显多于回旋支静脉桥 (     

双源CT冠状动脉血管造影和冠状动脉造影评价冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的效果

目的探讨双源CT冠状动脉血管造影和冠状动脉造影评价冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的效果。方法选取接受冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗的70例患者,均接受双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查,并对其结果进行分析。25例患者在双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查后2 w接受冠状动脉造影检查,评价双源CT冠状动脉血管造影的图像质量,并以冠状动脉造影检查结果为金标准,计算双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅的评价结果,分析双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查与冠状动脉造影检查结果的一致性。结果 70例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者共搭建204支桥血管,包括65支动脉桥血管,139支静脉桥血管,动脉桥血管的通畅率明显高于静脉桥血管(P<0.05)。双源CT冠状动脉血管造影的图像质量优良率为94.29%,以冠状动脉造影检查结果为金标准,双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管通畅评价的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.61%、96.00%、94.44%、97.78%、88.89%,其与冠状动脉造影检查结果之间的一致性良好。结论在冠状动脉旁路移植术后采用双源CT冠状动脉血管造影检查,可对其桥血管通畅情况予以清晰显示和准确评价,其评估效果较好。     

采用RA和SVG分别联合LIMA实施CABG治疗的多支冠状动脉病变患者术后1年桥血管通畅情况

目的 对比观察采用桡动脉(RA)和大隐静脉(SVG)分别联合左乳内动脉(LIMA)实施冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的多支冠状动脉病变患者术后1年桥血管通畅情况.方法 接受CABG治疗的多支冠状动脉病变患者67例,根据手术方式不同分为RA组、SVG组,其中RA组35例患者选用LIMA+RA作为桥血管进行CABG治疗,S...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后晚期静脉移植血管疾病的介入治疗策略比较

目的 对比分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后晚期静脉移植血管疾病(SVGD)患者于静脉移植血管及自身冠状动脉进行介入治疗的临床效果。方法 2014年3月至2017年12月于天津市胸科医院登记的1 608例CABG术后患者中筛选术后1年因心绞痛症状复发住院且冠状动脉造影证实至少1支静脉移植血管狭窄≥50%患者165例。根据造影结果及术者临床经验判断缺血相关血管并对静脉移植血管或自身冠状动脉行介入治疗,依据介入治疗部位将纳入患者分为静脉移植血管组(53例)及自身冠状动脉组(112组)。对比两组的手术成功率、严重并发症及住院期间病死率,比较两组出院12个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较两组患者的累积无事件生存率,并采用Cox回归分析晚期SVGD患者介入治疗后发生MACE的危险因素。结果 最终纳入165例进行分析,其中男性98例(59.4%),年龄(64.2±7.1)岁。随访时间12(8,12)个月。静脉移植血管组的手术成功率为90.57%(48/53),住院期间3例(5.66%)发生严重并发症,2例(3.77%)死亡。自身冠状动脉组的手术成...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽的变化及临床意义

体外循环下施行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)期间 ,心肌组织、心包和血液中的许多生物活性因子 ,如血浆内皮素(ET)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)、肿瘤坏死因子等均可发生变化 ,而这些变化与CABG术中及术后心功能的维持与恢复、移植血管的通畅与否、围术期疗效等可能有密切的关系。资料与方法1 临床资料 :自 1998年至 1999年的 32例冠心病患者在低温体外循环下行CABG ,4例死亡。 32例患者中男性 2 6例 ,平均年龄 (5 8 2 3± 9 0 7)岁 ;女性 6例 ,平均年龄 (6 0 17± 5 15 )岁 ,冠状动脉 2支病变 5例 ,3支病变 13例 ,4支病变 12例 ,5支…     

Non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts using multi-slice computed tomography: initial clinical experience

Recurrence of angina pectoris in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery due to severe coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common problem. Non-invasive imaging of coronary artery bypass grafts by computed tomography was first described in the early 1980s. Meanwhile, multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is now available. This new technique allows detection of coronary lesions with good sensitivity and specificity due to continuous improvement and modification of this method. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stenosis or occlusion of CABG can be detected by MSCT. Ten consecutive male patients (mean age 61±9.1 years) with previous CABG surgery and 21 bypass grafts (14 venous grafts, seven arterial grafts) were included in this study. Conventional coronary angiography and MSCT angiography (MSCTA) were performed in all patients. MSCTA results were compared with coronary angiography in regard of visualization and lesion detection in CABG. The analysis of MSCTA was performed blinded to the angiographic results. It was found that 18 of 21 bypass grafts (86%) were analyzable by MSCTA: seven of 21 (33%) grafts showed a significant stenosis (>75%), while six of them were detected by MSCTA (sensitivity: 86%, positive predictive value: 0.75). Dissection of one arterial graft could not be evaluated by MSCTA. Twelve of 13 grafts without severe lesion showed no significant stenosis in MSCTA (negative predictive value: 0.86). All grafts without severe lesions by MSCT showed no significant lesion in X-ray angiography (specificity: 100%). MSCTA is a promising new method for the detection of lesions in coronary artery bypass grafts. However, these data based on a small number has to be reevaluated by larger studies.     

冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像及冠脉造影对冠脉搭桥术后桥血管的评价

目的观察冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像及冠脉造影对冠脉搭桥手术后桥血管的评价作用。方法33例冠脉搭桥手术患者,术前常规冠脉造影检查,手术行不停跳冠脉搭桥术,手术后1 a行冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像,并于冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像复查后1周内行冠脉造影检查。结果33例患者共行冠脉搭桥101支,冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像能够成功显示99支,显示率为98.02%。冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像与冠脉造影结果对比,其对冠脉搭桥手术后桥血管狭窄和阻塞评价敏感度达100%。结论应用冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像对冠脉搭桥术后桥血管评价简便、无创,具有较好的可信性和可行性。     

Non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts using 16-row multi-slice computed tomography with 188 ms temporal resolution

BACKGROUND: Cardiac multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scanners permit visualization of the coronary arteries and coronary artery bypass grafts. The latest MSCT generation with true 16-detector slices (Sensation 16 Speed 4 D, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) provides improved temporal and spatial resolution, as well as significantly reduced scan time. To assess, whether this technical improvement has also an impact on image quality and accuracy of MSCT diagnosis in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery the following study was conducted. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Thirteen consecutive patients (pts) (10 male, 3 female, mean age 62 +/- 6.4 [55-73] years, heart rate 68 +/- 11 [52-88] bpm) and a total number of 43 coronary bypass grafts (11 arterial, 32 venous grafts) were examined by MSCT (gantry rotation time 375 ms). In addition to the analysis of coronary bypass grafts, 13 coronary segments (sgts) were evaluated in each patient (n = 169 sgts). MSCT results were compared with coronary angiography. RESULTS: Forty-one of 43 bypass grafts (95%) were analyzable by MSCT. In conventional angiography 16 of 43 (37%) grafts were occluded. Sixteen of them were correctly diagnosed by MSCT (sensitivity 100%). One graft showed a 50% anastomosis stenosis which was also detected. Twenty-five of 27 grafts without severe lesion showed no significant stenosis in MSCT (specificity 93%, positive predictive value (PPV) 89%, negative predictive value (NPV) 100%). Ninety of 108 (83%) high-grade stenosis (>70%) of the native coronary vessels were correctly detected (sensitivity 83%, PPV 78%). From the 61 sgts without high grade stenosis 36 were correctly classified (specificity 59%, NPV 67%). If sgts number 8, 9 and 10, which are normally not target for revascularization, are excluded sensitivity rises to 89%, specificity to 71%, PPV to 87% and NPV to 75%. The correct clinical diagnosis (absence or presence of a high grade stenosis of at least one bypass graft) was achieved in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: True 16-slice MSCT with faster gantry rotation time allows detection of lesions in coronary artery bypass grafts with high sensitivity and specificity. The evaluation of native vessels in pts with known CAD remains a diagnostic challenge. However, the correct clinical diagnosis was achieved in all pts. MSCT is a non-invasive tool to assess coronary artery bypass grafts.     

Noninvasive angiography of coronary bypass grafts with cardio-CT in a cardiology practice

BACKGROUND: The role of coronary artery bypass surgery as a key foundation in the therapy of coronary artery disease remains unchanged: in Germany in 2001, 75,537 coronary bypass procedures were performed. However, the endurance of coronary bypass grafts is limited: after 3 years, 20-30% of the bypass grafts have occluded. The myocardial infarct rate significantly increases 8 years after bypass surgery. Since the clinical outcome of the patients is closely related to the patency rate of their bypass grafts, it would be important for the patients to have the patency rate of their bypass grafts assessed on time to detect any occluded bypass grafts before the majority of the grafts become occluded. Recently, multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) offers an attractive tool for this purpose. This paper describes our first experiences with MSCT in our cardiology practice and regards whether this new method provides relevant information for a cardiology practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Studies were performed at the Heart Diagnostic Center in Munich with an Mx 8000 four-row spiral CT with an effective slice thickness of 1.3 mm, 120 kV at 300 mA and approximately 120 ml of contrast medium in double bolus technique. Image reconstruction was performed for 5 heart phases between 50% and 70% of the RR intervals. Thus, a total of over 1,500 slices were reconstructed. 74 patients without angina or proof of myocardial ischemia had noninvasive bypass angiography at a mean of 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Of the total of 220 investigated bypass grafts, 132 were venous and 88 were arterial. 177 bypass grafts were classified as open, 42 as occluded; and one venous bypass graft was highly narrowed. Compared with cardiac catheterization, the sensitivity of the cardio-CT regarding the occlusion of a bypass graft was 100% with a specificity of 96%. The only "false positive" occlusion was a LIMA with a small lumen. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that noninvasive bypass angiography with the ultrafast multi-slice CT (MSCT) provides relevant information for the practicing cardiologist. Noninvasive bypass angiography with a cardio-CT predominantly aims at asymptomatic patients without proof of myocardial ischemia ("bypass check") for the detection of asymptomatic occluded bypass grafts as early as possible. In patients with asymptomatic bypass occlusion, considering a coronary or bypass intervention for prognostic reasons is an option. It is important to note that in our study in a mean of 5 years after bypass surgery almost every third patient had an unexpected bypass graft occlusion.     

双源CT评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅率的临床研究

目的比较非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术（常规CABG）术后5年血管桥的通畅率。方法2006年1月至2008年1月间40例单独行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的患者资料回顾性地被分为OPCABG组和常规CABG组。OPCABG组通过胸骨正中切口,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成CABG;常规CABG组建立常规体外循环心脏停搏下完成CABG。两组术前的一般情况无明显差异。利用双源CT造影检查及CT图像后处理,研究两种术式各条血管桥的通畅情况。结果常规CABG组及OPCABG组左乳内动脉（uMA）到前降支（LAD）的通畅率都达到100％,静脉桥的通畅率分别为93．87％和94．23％,组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论OPCABG旁路血管桥的3~5年通畅率可以和常规CABG相媲美。OPCAB治疗冠心病的初期结果显示可以减少术后并发症,减少患者术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU留观时间和住院时间,降低住院费用。     

Detection of vein graft disease using 4-row computed tomography. Evaluation of coronary bypass graft patency and correlation with the Ca-score

BACKGROUND: Multi-row computed tomography (MDCT) is a promising non-invasive technique and capable of rapid imaging of cardiac structures, including coronary arteries and bypass grafts during a single held breath. In this study, we evaluated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency by comparing 4-slice computed tomography with conventional contrast angiography. One disadvantage of MDCT is the limited diagnostic accuracy with + increased calcification of the grafts. Therefore, the correlation between Ca-grading and diagnostic accuracy was examined. METHODS: We examined 30 patients with 104 bypass grafts with a 4-row MDCT scanner. On the basis of the Ca-score, patients were divided into 3 groups. RESULTS: It was possible to assess the exact degree of stenosis in 25 of 32 > 50% stenoses with 4-row MDCT, 7 stenoses were underestimated. All occlusions in 21 patients were identified correctly, 33 graft segments were underestimated in MDCT, of which 28 were in the group with a Ca-score of > 800. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT allows non-invasive angiographic evaluation of coronary bypass grafts with a high diagnostic accuracy. However, the method strongly depends on the degree of vascular calcification and underrates the degree of stenosis subject to the Ca-score. This is a distinct limitation in distal vascular segments of small calibre which cannot be validly displayed. In patients with low or moderate Ca-score values, MDCT coronary angiography is promising new technique with a high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of graft stenosis or occlusions.     

Noninvasive coronary imaging and assessment of left ventricular function using 16-slice computed tomography

In recent years, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been demonstrated to be a feasible imaging modality for noninvasive coronary angiography and left ventricular function analysis. The present study evaluated overall performance of 16-slice MSCT in the detection of significant coronary artery disease, stent, or bypass graft stenosis in combination with global left ventricular function analysis. Forty-five patients underwent 16-slice MSCT. Multislice computed tomograms were used to evaluate the presence of significant coronary artery stenoses (>/=50% decrease in luminal diameter) in native coronary segments, bypass grafts, and coronary stents and were compared with conventional coronary angiograms. In addition, left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated and compared with 2-dimensional echocardiography. MSCT was performed successfully in all patients. A close correlation between MSCT and 2-dimensional echocardiography was demonstrated for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (y = 0.93x +3.33, r = 0.96, p <0.001). A total of 298 of native coronary artery segments (94%) were evaluated with MSCT, whereas 81 of 94 grafts (85%) and 41 of 52 coronary stents (79%) were also evaluated. For all segments, overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 85%, 89%, 71%, and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, 16-slice MSCT is a feasible modality for noninvasive evaluation and exclusion of coronary artery disease in patients who present with chest pain.     

多排螺旋CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的对比研究

目的初步评价多排螺旋CT（MSCT）在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用价值。方法18例疑诊冠状动脉狭窄患者行MSCT扫描,利用影像曲面重建,3D重建,了解冠状动脉病变情况,并与冠状动脉造影（CAG）对比。结果18例76支血管同时经MSCT和CAG成像。CAG发现狭窄27支,其中左前降支（LAD）病变11支,回旋支（LCA）病变3支,左主干（LMA）2支,右冠（RCA）病变9支,桥支病变2支。MSCT发现狭窄24支,其中LAD病变11支,LCA病变3支,LMA病变1支,RCA病变7支,桥支病变2支。MSCT与CAG结果相符的病变血管22支,MSCT成像的敏感性为82%（22/27）,特异性96%（47/49）。结论在控制心率的情况下MSCT可作为冠状动脉狭窄的一种无创筛选检查方法。     

Routine intraoperative angiography improves the early patency of coronary grafts performed on the beating heart

OBJECTIVES: The techniques of performing coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass are rapidly evolving. However, concern remains regarding the accuracy of coronary artery anastomoses performed on the beating heart. This report reviews the use of intraoperative angiography in the critical appraisal of "off-pump" coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. PATIENTS: Intraoperative angiography was performed in 24 consecutive patients undergoing CABG surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. In all, 24 left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts and 18 saphenous vein bypass grafts were assessed for patency, anastomosis quality, distal and proximal runoff, and correct placement. RESULTS: All of the saphenous vein-to-coronary artery anastomoses were widely patent, although two patients (8%) required revision of their LIMA grafts on the basis of angiographic findings. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative angiography permits the surgeon to immediately appraise the CABG and to revise, if necessary, any graft abnormality, thus potentially eliminating the need for early repeated surgery. The practice of routine intraoperative angiography is likely to improve the outcome of CABG surgery on the beating heart.     

多层螺旋CT在冠状动脉支架术后的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉支架术后的应用价值。方法：21例患者在放置冠状动脉支架后行MSCT冠状动脉成像，其中5例与选择性冠状动脉造影进行了对照。结果：21例的27枚冠状动脉支架中，能满足影像学评价的有25枚，占92％，不能满足评价的有2枚，占8％；5例同时作导管法冠状动脉造影者两种检测方法结果相同。结论：MSCT冠状动脉成像是一种简便易行，安全有效的无创性检查方法，可作为冠状动脉支架术后随访观察的手段。