北京市正常儿童、青少年的AF-BF距及AXB角

目的 :研究北京市正常儿童、青少年的AF—BF距及AXB角。方法 :对 4 3名北京市替牙期正常者及 4 4名恒牙早期正常者拍摄头颅侧位X线片 ,测量其AF—BF距及AXB角。结果 :得出了北京市正常替牙期组及恒牙早期组的AF—BF距及AXB角的正常值范围。结论 :AF—BF距及AXB角可反映上下颌骨间的前后位置关系 ,在某些情况下可代替ANB角及“wits”分析法。     

常规X线头影测量的改进

作者对常规Ｘ线头影测量中存在的问题及对此所作的改进进行了综述。它包括提高仪器的精确度以减小误差，从影像中获得更有价值的信息（包括：三维头影测量分析、傅立叶函数分析、有限元分析）及对获得的数据进行更好的处理（包括：模板分析、网络图分析、多元分析法）等三个方面，尤以后两方面为主。     

唇腭裂患者颌面部测量分析方法的研究进展

唇腭裂患者由于自身畸形程度及外科手术的影响,其颌面部组织结构均具有与一般人不同的特征。对唇腭裂患者术前术后颌面部组织进行测量分析,能够更加直观地评价手术,为唇腭裂的序列治疗提供更为可靠的解剖学基础及理论支持。常用的测量方法有：照片测量法,方法简便实用、成本低,但不够准确;X 线测量法,测量结果可靠,为大多数学者所接受,但使用不方便;而三维测量法能够客观定量地分析面部外形,简便、精确、高效,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Beta角评价前牙反患者颌骨矢状关系的准确性分析

目的探讨Beta角判断替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者颅面矢状关系的可靠程度。方法应用X线头颅定位侧位片,比较替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者的Beta角、ANB角、Wits值和APDI指数的差异,并进行相关性和变异程度分析。结果替牙期与恒牙期前牙反[牙合]患者Beta角间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Beta角与ANB角、Wits值和APDI指数显著相关（P〈0．05）,但变异较ANB角和Wits值小,与APDI指数接近。结论Beta角可准确评价前牙反[牙合]患者的颌骨矢状关系。     

广东双颌前突患者错He类型的调查及X线头影测量研究

目的 探讨使用E线检测出的双颌前突患者错He的分类，并对安氏I类双颌前突患者X线头影测量分析研究。方法 对我院放射科现存的部分正畸患者头影测量片，依照片编号次序用E线测评出双颌前突患者110例，统计分类，并对其中60例（男女各30例）I类磨牙关系者进行头影测量描片分析。结果 使用E线检出的双颌前突患者中，安氏I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错He分别占70%、27.3%、2.7%。结论 头影测量显示安氏I类双颌前突患者主要表现为以切牙唇倾、唇部组织丰满突出为主。过大的SNA、SNB不是形成患者侧貌较突的主要原因。     

后前位X线头影测量分析中正中矢状定位线的评价

后前位X线投影测量是颜面对称性研究的重要方法之一。国内及国外学者曾采用这一手段进行了一些研究工作。评价颅面结构对称与否,关键在于正中矢状定位线的选择。国内外文献中常常使用各种正中矢状定位线,但是每种方法的可靠性如何?对于这个问题,迄今尚未见到对比分析的研究报道。本文采用三个牙龄期的60张正常(牙合)人头颅后前位定位X线片作为研究对象,对于常用的四条正中矢状定位线的可靠性进行了分析评价。     

153例错畸形患者W角的测量分析研究

目的:本研究使用一种新的头影测量方法-W角评价上下颌骨矢状向关系,据此分析安氏3种错类型W值。方法:对153例11～20岁患者头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析,按照ANB角、Wits值和β角分为3组,取平均值和标准差,分析男女差异。结果:分析安氏3种错类型患者W角的正常值;3组W值间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组W值在性别上没有显著差异。结论:W角能反映上下颌骨矢状方向不调,具有较好可重复性。     

错(牙合)畸形患者YEN角的测量研究

用YEN角头影测量方法描述上下颌骨间的矢状向关系。将152例治疗前头颅侧位片分为安氏Ⅰ类(69例)、安氏Ⅱ类(43例)、安氏Ⅲ类(40例)3组,使用3个骨性标志点:S点(蝶鞍中点)、M点(前颌骨的中心点)和G点(下颌骨骨性联合的中心点)。3种安氏错类型患者YEN角值(°)分别为125.37±3.24、120.07±4.78和134.75±5.39,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别间无显著差异。YEN角在122°～129°间为Ⅰ类骨面型。     

Orthodontic treatment of children with cleft lip and cleft palate

Orthodontic treatment of children with cleft palates continues through the periods of the three dentitions: temporary, mixed, and adult. Using examples, this paper deals with the different difficulties that can be encountered during treatment of this malformation. Orthodontic interception at the time of the temporary dentition corrects the heart of the problem, the transverse insufficiency, but also addresses moderate maxillary retrusion. Cooperation with a speech therapist at this stage is essential. In the mixed dentition, orthodontists correct incisal malalignment and, depending upon the severity of the deformity, consider surgical intervention. In the adult dentition, a variety of decisions must be made: whether to open or close the spaces left by absent lateral incisors; whether to accept an orthodontic compromise or to elect surgical advancement of the maxilla; and, if surgery is deemed appropriate, whether to embark on an early distraction procedure or to rely on a classical osteotomy.     

Phenotypical analysis of children with congenital cleft of upper lip and palate

The relation between congenital cleft of upper lip and palate with dysplasia of connective tissue was studied. 102 patients (aged from 1 to 14 years) with various kinds of congenital cleft of upper lip and palate were observed. The reports showed phenotypical attributes of dysplasia of connective tissue of patients with similar pathology. The data on the character and prevalence of external features are received from children with congenital cleft of upper lip and palate.     

Salivary analysis and antioxidants in cleft lip and palate children

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sialometry, sialochemistry and antioxidants in cleft patients prior to alveolar closure procedures. DESIGN: Saliva was collected from 21 children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP and BCLP) with overt oronasal alveolar communication and with recurrent licking of fluids and soft diet complaints (the study group) and in 22 normal individuals (the control group). Salivary flow rate was measured, and calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg), total protein, albumin, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and secretory IgA were analysed. Salivary total antioxidant status (TAS), peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, uric acid (UA), was also determined. RESULTS: The sialometry and sialochemistry analyses did not reveal significant difference between the two groups. Salivary median uric acid concentration was 6-fold lower in the cleft group (p<0.05). The median total antioxidant status (TAS) of the cleft group however, was significantly higher by 58% (p<0.005) than that of the control group. Median SOD activity was also higher in the cleft group, by 42%, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the oral biology system of cleft patients in their prealveolar closure stage does not differ significantly from normal controls. Low UA found in the saliva of cleft patients may suggest that some genetic alteration of the UA transport occurs simultaneously when cleft lip and palate occur. TAS reduction may also reveal an increased oxidative stress burden in the oral cavities of cleft children which has never been shown before.     

Feeding infants with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate

In assessing 143 infants with cleft lip and palate, we found feeding problems to vary with the patients' anatomic lesion. Effective feeding techniques were identified by first assessing the infant's ability to generate negative intraoral pressure and to move the tongue against the nipple and then by matching these deficits to appropriate feeding devices.     

Tooth size in children with cleft lip and palate

The mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of primary and permanent teeth were measured in 246 children with either isolated cleft palate or complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. The primary teeth of males with clefts were reduced in their buccolingual dimension compared to the control, while in females there were reductions in the mesio-distal dimension. There were no remarkable differences in the size of the permanent teeth in males with clefts. Females with clefts had reduced buccolingual dimensions of the permanent teeth, in both jaws.     

Craniofacial morphology of parents with cleft lip and palate children

In order to elucidate their cranial and facial morphological features, frontal and lateral cephometric analysis was made of parents of 86 children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL (P)] and 14 children with cleft palate (CP). Similar analysis was made of 30 control male and female volunteers who demonstrated no maxillofacial anormalies and had no blood relatives affected by CL(P) or CP. In addition, discriminative analysis was performed. Results (1) Maximum cranial breadth values in the 4 parent groups, both father groups [CL(P)-F, CP-F] and mother groups [CL(P)-M, CP-M] were lower than those in controls. Differences were significant in the CP-F and CP-M groups. The shapes and sizes of the cranial base, however, in all parent groups showed no distinct difference from those in the control group. (2) Inner canthal distance and maximum piriform aperture breadth in all parent groups and outer canthal distance, zygoma breadth, and maxillary alveolar base breadth in the CL(P)-F, CL(P)-M, and CP-M groups were all greater than those in controls. The differences were significant in the case of inner canthal distance and maximum piriform aperture breadth in the CL(P)-F group and in both inner and outer canthal distances and maximum piriform aperture breadth in the CL(P)-M group. (3) SNA angle in all parent groups was slightly greater, but occlusal plane angle and maxillary incisor angle were smaller than those in the control group. Significant difference was noted in occlusal plane angle in the CL(P)-F group. In all parent groups, depth values at various upper facial points in the lateral aspect of hard tissue tended to be greater and height values smaller than those of the control group. (4) In all parent groups, upper facial height, upper labial thickness, upper labial bending degree, and anterior nasal angle in the lateral aspect of the upper facial soft tissue tended to be smaller and upper labial height greater than those in the control group. A distinct difference between subjects and controls was observed in upper labial height in the CL(P)-F and CL(P)-M groups and in upper labial bending degree in the CP-F and CP-M groups. (5) Although no distinct difference was observed between controls and the parent groups in terms of facial angle and SNB angle, mandibular plane angle and gonial angle were relatively large and incisor axial angle was small in the parent groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Nasopharyngeal characteristics in children with cleft lip and palate.

Cephalometric assessment of the nasopharynx and its adjacent structures was carried out in two experimental groups of 5-year-old male patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The first group included individuals who had not had surgery, and the second was comprised of individuals who were at least 1 year postpalatoplasty with primary pharyngeal flap. They were compared with a control group of boys of comparable average age who did not have clefts. Both groups of patients with clefts showed a reduction of the nasopharyngeal bony framework related to the posterior position and decreased posterior height of the maxilla without hypertrophy of the adenoids. The smaller nasopharyngeal airway was consistent with the reduction of the size of the bony nasopharynx. There was shortening of the anterior cranial base located in the region of the middle cranial fossa. The height of the body of the sphenoid bone was reduced, but the angle of the cranial base was within normal limits.