天津地区莱姆病疫源地的发现与研究

目的通过对天津地区自然人群、动物宿主和媒介生物进行研究,以确定该地区是否为莱姆病疫源地。方法采用分层整群抽样方法选取3个代表性地区10个调查点的居民进行人群的莱姆病血清流行病学调查,同时用间接免疫荧光试验、病原分离培养和PCR方法对动物宿主和媒介生物进行血清学和病原学研究。并通过测序确定基因型。结果905份人群血清样本检测结果显示该地区人群的莱姆病感染率为5.97%;100份野鼠血清样本的感染率是32.00%,并从大林姬鼠、社鼠、小林姬鼠的脾脏和/或肾脏中检查到莱姆病螺旋体的特异片段。经聚类分析定为Borrelia garinii基因型,因此可以推断鼠类可能为此地区莱姆病螺旋体的重要储存宿主。共收集到1226只蜱,以长角血蜱为优势种。选取300只长角血蜱经PCR检测,其带菌率为4.67%(14/300)。结论首次发现天津蓟县山林地区可能为我国莱姆病的疫源地之一。     

从野鼠中发现嗜肺军团菌血清1型(Lp_1)抗体

1987年5月及9月,我们采用ELISA法检测了延边地区的9种野鼠中的Lp_1抗体。结果表明,野鼠的抗体平均滴度为1:10.3±1.3。≥1:80的有黑线姬鼠2只(2/287,0.7％),东方田鼠1只(1/99,1.0％),大仓鼠1只(1/50,0.2％),其中黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠各有1份样本高达1:160,血清抗体效价≥1:80者占0.84％,春秋两季抗体水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

吉林林区动物莱姆病螺旋体感染的调查研究

目的了解吉林珲春林区的蜱、野鼠及牛、绵羊感染莱姆病的情况。方法对蜱和野鼠进行莱姆病螺旋体的PCR扩增,阳性标本RFLP分型,应用间接免疫荧光法检测家畜血清中的IgG抗体。结果PCR检测全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱的带菌率为36.0%和30.9%;在五种鼠中检测到莱姆病螺旋体的特异性片段,带菌率分别为14.0%、8.3%、13.0%、25.0%和33.3%。阳性标本RFLP分型结果属于B.garinii和B.afzelii型;牛、羊血清学检测阳性率为27.5%和31.5%。结论野鼠、蜱和牛羊中都检测到伯氏疏螺旋体的感染,证实吉林珲春林区存在莱姆病的自然疫源地。     

贵州省2010-2014年钩端螺旋体病流行特征分析

目的分析贵州省2010-2014年人间钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)病流行病学特征与鼠类动物带菌情况,为钩体病的防控提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2014年贵州省钩体病例报告数据,利用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。对钩体疑似病例标本进行血清学检测和菌株培养和鉴定。采用夹夜法捕获老鼠对贵州省钩体病高发地区进行鼠类宿主动物及带菌情况进行监测,分析鼠间带菌情况与人间疫情的相关性。结果2010-2014年贵州省报告钩体病人共73例,死亡10例,病死率13.70%。疫情主要集中在黔东南州,5年合计报告病例数52例占全省同期病例的71.23%。6—9月份达到发病高峰。发病人群以农民为主,占总病例数的69.86%。检测钩体疑似病人血清样本18份,其中阳性7份,阳性率为38.89%,均为黄疸出血群抗体。未从钩体疑似病人分离到钩体菌株。鼠间动物监测有效布夹数6 750夹次,共捕鼠646只,鼠密度9.57%,黑线姬鼠密度呈上升趋势,共分离钩体菌株56株,全部分离自黑线姬鼠,带菌率8.67%,经PCR检测均为黄疸出血群钩体。结论贵州省2010—2014年间钩体疫情主要集中在黔东南州,黑线姬鼠为主要带菌鼠类动物,带菌群别为黄疸出血群,与钩体病人血清抗体群别相匹配,提示黑线姬鼠带菌与人间疫情存在相关性。     

中国6省莱姆病螺旋体主要宿主动物鼠的初步调查

目的了解中国吉林、山西、甘肃、青海、贵州、湖南6省林区莱姆病螺旋体宿主动物鼠的感染情况。方法在每个省各选取两个采样点进行捕鼠,采用病原分离培养和巢式PCR方法对野鼠的脾脏、肾脏和膀胱进行了病原学检测。并通过基因测序方法确定基因型。结果从贵州黑线姬鼠中分离到了2株莱姆病螺旋体;从5省(贵州未检测到)野鼠的脾脏和/或肾脏中检查到了莱姆病螺旋体的特异片段,其中青海黄南(28.85%)和湖南石门(19.6%)两地标本的PCR阳性率较高,各地区阳性率的差异有统计学意义。通过序列同源性分析确定吉林、青海、甘肃和山西的基因型均为Borrelia garinii。湖南的基因型为Borreliavalaisiana。结论本次调查表明各地宿主动物鼠的感染状况不同,各地应根据具体情况进一步扩大调查以明确当地的主要宿主动物种类及携带病原体情况。     

黑线姬鼠携带钩端螺旋体分析

<正> 本文就钩体病稻田型流行区湖南省桃源县1972～1983年的调查资料分析如下。 一、鼠群组成和带菌情况 桃源1972～1983年共捕获鼠类2目2科4属11种计3359只,其中黑线姬鼠2871只,占85.4％,为当地优势鼠种。黑线姬鼠遍及全县,以平原、丘陵区较多,与桃源县钩体病病例地区分布相符。 11种2504只鼠有效培养,从黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、食虫目鼩鼱中分离出钩体602株,其中由黑线姬鼠检获596株,黑线姬鼠带菌率为28.06％(596     

从野鼠型疫区家犬血清中检出EHFV家鼠型抗体

<正> 近年来,由于病原学和血清学的突破性进展,我国已报道的流行性出血热(EHF)宿主动物有50多种。米尔英等从家鼠型疫区6种家畜家禽血清中检出EHF 病毒抗体,张云等从野鼠型疫区狗肺中检出EHF 病毒抗原并分离出两株病毒。但从野鼠型疫区犬血清中检出 EHF 病毒家鼠型抗体,未见报道。 四川省雅安市是以黑线姬鼠为主要传染源的     

广东梅州市莱姆病自然疫源地调查

目的了解广东梅州市大埔、平远和梅县莱姆病人群血清流行病学、动物宿主和传播媒介特征。方法应用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行人群和宿主动物的血清学检测、个案调查、动物宿主和传播媒介病原学调查。结果检测人群血清2 184份,莱姆病感染率为10.30%（225/2184）,其中林区为10.33%（123/1191）,非林区为10.27%（102/993）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.21,P〉0.5）;检测牛和野鼠血清各30份,感染率分别为23.33%和43.33%;从褐家鼠和白腹巨鼠各分离到1株莱姆病螺旋体;调查蜱506只,其中台湾角血蜱493只,占97.43%,该蜱中肠带莱姆病螺旋体率为16.00%（8/50）,且分离到1株莱姆病螺旋体。结论梅州市存在莱姆病自然疫源地,人群普遍易感,野鼠和牛是该地莱姆病螺旋体的主要动物宿主,台湾角血蜱是主要传播媒介。     

莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体在黑线姬鼠体内垂直传播的证实

我们于1992年在辽宁省桓仁县开展莱姆病动物宿主调查时,从黑线姬鼠的胎鼠肝中分离到1株伯氏疏螺旋体,命名为辽6。该分离株与单克隆抗体H5332、H9724反应良好,与H6831不反应(B31株均反应),分离株与国际标准株B31(分离自美国达敏硬蜱)比较,其抗原性质相似,但不完全相同。从黑线姬鼠的胎鼠中分离到伯氏疏螺旋体为世界首次报告,证明该螺旋体在小型野鼠体内可能存在经胎盘的垂直传播过程,此种传播途径在维持莱姆病自然疫源地的连续存在方面具有一定意义。     

吉林省莱姆病流行病学调查

目的对吉林省9个地区,进行莱姆病疫源地地理分布调查。方法按[莱姆病流行病学个案调查表]的内容进行了人群、动物感染率,媒介蜱带菌率、蜱活动规律消长时间、生存条件等调查。对吉林省莱姆病自然疫源地的分布,地理景观进行分析。对山区、半山区、平原调查的数据进行了统计学处理。结果吉林省9个地区35个市县、55个乡镇的3561人群蜱叮咬率为91.00%、2292人群感染率为6.20%。马、牛、羊、狗、野鼠5种动物2499份调查,感染率为22.13%。抓捕的3570媒介蜱带菌率为35.80%。结论调查结果证明,吉林省9个地区及旅游景点存在莱姆病疫源地,莱姆病并非属林业型疾病。     

粒细胞缺乏症的临床特点及实验室检查

目的：探讨粒细胞缺乏症（粒缺）的临床及实验室检查特点。方法：对我院10年内收治的67例粒缺住院患者,回顾分析其临床资料、外周血常规、骨髓象及病原学检查的结果。结果：67例中,以药物性的粒缺和感染性粒缺为主,分别为41例（61.2%）和16例（23.9%）。白细胞计数为（0.36-1.79）×10^9/L,骨髓增生程度从减低到明显活跃;病原学检查26例,其中血培养10例,阳性率20.0%;咽拭子培养16例,阳性率12.5%;粒缺治疗中除了抗感染、并发症的对症处理、加强环境保护及规范化护理外,57例患者使用了粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）,10例使用利血生、强力升白片、鲨肝醇等治疗。治愈19例、好转45例、自动出院2例、死亡1例。结论：药物和感染可能是导致粒细胞缺乏症的直接诱因,同时加强病原学检查有助于粒细胞缺乏症的治疗。     

Pericardial effusion: clinical and analytical parameters clues

Prospectively, clinical and biochemical data of 83 patients with a diagnosis of pericardial effusion were studied. The etiologies were as follows: Idiopathic: 42 cases (50%); Tuberculous: 18 cases (22%); Neoplastic: 14 cases (17%); Other: 9 cases (11%) with a miscellaneous etiology. Sedimentation rate resulted significantly higher in Tuberculous group (67-102), p<0.05. The highest values of adenosine deaminase in pericardial fluid were observed in Tuberculous group (110 U/l), p<0.001. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by culture of the bacillus in sputum in 8 cases and by pericardial biopsy in 11 patients. Analysis of the pericardial fluid leads to diagnosis in 25 cases (30%). The pericardial biopsy resulted as the most reliable method for the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis.     

Antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma

When HeLa cells were used as the substrate for detection by the indirect immunofluorescence method, antinuclear antibodies were demonstrated in 16 of 22 (72.7%) sera from patients with localized scleroderma. When mouse kidney sections were used, the positive rate for antinuclear antibodies was 50% (11 of 22). In the 3 subgroups of localized scleroderma, frequencies of antinuclear antibodies on HeLa cells were as follows: morphea, 50% (2 of 4), generalized morphea, 100% (6 of 6), linear scleroderma, 67% (8 of 12). Antibodies to centromere, Scl-70, nuclear RNP, Sm, and SS-B antigens were not detected in any patients with localized scleroderma. The high frequency of antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma sera suggests that localized scleroderma is a disease which, though different from diffuse scleroderma, also involves an immunologic abnormality.     

双重式PCR检测鼠疫流行现场动物脏器的结果分析

目的探讨双重式聚合酶链反应(Pla-FI-PCR)技术在鼠疫流行现场检测动物脏器的应用。方法应用双重式PCR技术，采用简单的加热法处理模板，对罗平县的50份动物脏器进行检测。结果检出阳性22份，阳性率为44％，其中活鼠脏器阳性11份。结论提示双重式PCR检测活鼠材料作为早期发现疫情具有一定的应用价值。     

不同血清浓度及介质对体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系生长曲线和细胞形态的影响

目的：通过探讨不同血清浓度及介质对体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系生长曲线和细胞形态的影响，了解它们对成纤维细胞体外生存和生长的情况。方法：采用体外细胞培养技术进行小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞，并采用磺基罗丹明B（sulforhodamineB，SRB）酶标仪法（A490nm波长下）测量各孔的吸光值（A值）并转换为小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系生长曲线；同时，分别采用HE（苏木精-伊红）染色法、、吖啶橙荧光染色和Hoechst33342荧光染色法进行小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系形态学观察。结果：小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系不同浓度的血清分别在3种不同的介质（RPMI1640培养基、0．9％生理盐水和5％葡萄糖生理盐水）中表现出不同的生长和生存情况及细胞形态学改变。其中，在不同血清浓度（0％、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、100％）的同一介质中，血清浓度为0％和100％浓度组的小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞生长明显抑制及吸光度（A）值呈逐步减少的趋势，而除此之外的其它血清浓度组对小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞的影响，基本表现为随着血清浓度的升高，吸光度（A）值呈逐步增加及促进细胞生长的趋势。而某些相同血清浓度在不同介质中对小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系生长和生存及形态学的有利影响，则基本表现为RP—M11640培养基作为介质的细胞培养效果优于0．9％生理盐水，而0．9％生理盐水作为介质的细胞培养效果又优于5％葡萄糖生理盐水。结论：不同血清浓度及介质对体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞L929细胞系生长和生存及细胞学形态均有明显影响。提示在进行体外细胞培养时应充分考虑细胞培养介质及所添加血清的浓度。     

Comparison of a new immunoassay for determining serum pancreatic isoamylase with two standard techniques

A method has recently been developed for measuring serum pancreatic (P) isoamylase, using two monoclonal antibodies specific for salivary isoamylase. We performed this test on 67 healthy controls and 133 patients: 15 with acute pancreatitis, 53 with chronic pancreatitis (20 during painful relapse and 33 in clinical remission), 18 with pancreatic cancer, 41 with nonpancreatic disease with abdominal pain, five with macroamylasemia, and one with total pancreatectomy. Results were compared with those of a wheat germ inhibition method and with electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. A close correlation was found between the results of immunoinhibition assay and those of the other two tests. All patients with acute pancreatitis had abnormally high values in all three tests. In the group with chronic pancreatitis studied during painful relapse, 16 had an increase in P-isoamylase, as determined with the immunoinhibition assay, 13 with the wheat germ inhibition test, and 15 with electrophoresis. In the group with chronic pancreatitis in clinical remission, we found low values in one patient, by immunoinhibition assay, but found low values in 17 and 19 patients by wheat germ inhibition and electrophoresis, respectively. Low P-isoamylase values corresponded to a severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In the group with pancreatic cancer, the three tests showed similar results, and the majority of the patients had normal values. In the patients with nonpancreatic diseases, abnormally high levels were found in five, by immunoassay, in four by electrophoresis, and in three by the wheat germ inhibition method. In the five cases with macroamylasemia, both inhibition assays erroneously demonstrated an abnormal P-isoamylase elevation. The results show that the three tests are equally useful for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, or chronic pancreatitis during an acute relapse. In these diseases, the immunoinhibition test would be the preferred assay because it is simple and rapidly performed.     

浙江省赛罗群钩端螺旋体病的监测

目的研究赛罗群钩体病流行规律。方法用显微镜凝集试验法检测患者、水鸭和蛙血清抗体；同时分离培养病原体。用夹夜法捕鼠，采集鼠。肾、猪肾、牛中段尿、蛙肾、水鸭肾和蚂蟥血分离培养病原体。结果浙江省20世纪60至80年代钩体病不断出现大规模暴发流行，90年代后疫情平稳下降。到2004年为止，全省共发生钩体病138526例，死亡933例，年平均发病率为5.86／10万，病死率为0、67％。1997至2004年全省共发生钩体病956例，平均发病率为0、27/10万，死亡14例，平均病死率为1、46％。衢州、丽水和台州市的发病数占全省发病总数的93、20％。病例主要分布在7～10月份，占94．87％。患者血清抗体阳性率为61、72％，菌群主要为黄疸出血群、七日热群和赛罗群。患者血培养阳性率为1．0％。鼠密度为4．54％，以黑线姬鼠为优势种，占52．04％。鼠带菌率为3．82％，黑线姬鼠带菌率为6、05％。蛙。肾阳性率为0.41％。水鸭血清抗体阳性率为34％，菌株主要为秋季群和赛罗群；蛙血抗体阳性率为8．7％，菌株为秋季群。结论浙江省存在赛罗群钩体感染，钩体病进入低发期，需要科学监测。     

Molecular epidemiology and clinical implications of TT virus (TTV) infection in Indian subjects

GOALS: This study was aimed at obtaining data on the epidemiology and clinical course of TT virus (TTV) infections among Indian subjects. BACKGROUND: The TTV is a nonenveloped DNA virus, first identified in the peripheral blood of individuals with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. There has been much conjecture regarding the disease association of this virus. STUDY: A total of 494 serum specimens from various groups of high-risk and control subjects were screened for TTV DNA by a semi-nested PCR, using the ORF1-derived N22 primers. The sera were also screened for the HBsAg surface antigen by an ELISA, HCV RNA by a 5' NCR-based RT-PCR and GBV-C/HGV RNA by a 5' UTR-based RT-PCR. The clinical and hepatic profiles of the various subjects were also studied. Seventy-one randomly picked TTV isolates were directly sequenced and their phylogeny was studied. RESULTS: TTV showed an overall positivity rate of 45.34% with a significant higher prevalence of 52.9% among the high-risk subjects as against a prevalence of 28% among healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Abnormal liver function profiles were frequent among TTV viremic individuals and among the acute hepatitis cases studied a higher mortality rate correlated with a superimposed TTV infection. The 71 TTV isolates sequenced were found to belong to genotype 1a being closely homologous to TTV prototype TA278. CONCLUSION: The TT virus shows a significant prevalence in the Indian population, particularly among subjects at risk for acquiring parenterally transmitted infections. Our study corroborates a putative role of the virus in the etiology of liver disease, particularly in coinfection with other agents.     

Infection with a novel human DNA virus (TTV) has no pathogenic significance in patients with liver diseases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A recently identified DNA virus, termed TT virus (TTV), has been associated with post-transfusional hepatitis, and a high prevalence of TTV infection in patients with acute or chronic liver disease of unknown etiology has been reported from Japan, but few data are available about TTV infection in other countries. METHODS: Using hemi-nested-PCR amplification to detect TTV-DNA sequences in serum, we investigated TTV infection in blood donors and in patients with liver diseases of varied etiology. RESULTS: The prevalence of TTV infection was 13.7% in blood donors (23/168), 18.6% in chronic hepatitis C (19/102), 28.6% in chronic hepatitis B (16/56), 29.9% in hepatocellular carcinoma (20/67), 9.1% in cryptogenic chronic liver disease (2/22) and 39.6% in fulminant hepatitis (19/48). The prevalence of TTV infection in patients with virus-induced or idiopathic fulminant hepatitis was similar. Comparison of TTV-infected and non-infected patients did not reveal significant differences concerning demographic, epidemiological or histopathological features. In patients with hepatitis C, response to interferon therapy was not related to TTV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of TTV isolates showed that at least three different types of TTV are present in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that TTV infection is frequent among blood donors and patients with acute liver disease. However, pathogenic effects associated with TTV infection were not observed.     

Effects of dietary protein and fiber on growth and selected cholesterol responses of rats

The effect of dietary protein and fiber on growth and metabolic parameters in blood serum, liver and kidney were determined in a 2 X 5 factorial experiment involving 40 Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment variables were two dietary protein levels (16 and 24%) and five acid detergent fiber levels (6, 10, 16, 24 and 34%). No difference in growth rate of rats was found due to varying levels of either protein or fiber in the diet. Increasing the dietary protein level from 16 to 24% resulted in an 18.5% reduction in blood cholesterol. The dietary treatment containing 16% fiber influenced most metabolic parameters examined, including blood serum cholesterol, liver cholesterol and total lipid content in liver and kidney. Rats receiving the diet containing 16% fiber had the highest serum cholesterol (88.9 mg/dl) and the lowest liver cholesterol (4.4 mg/g) as compared with other fiber groups.