风扇缓释型驱蚊片的制备与药效研究

目的研制一种风扇缓释型驱蚊片,对驱蚊药效进行测试研究。方法采用浓乳液模板法制备驱蚊片的多孔基材,在基材上负载拟除虫菊酯后得到缓释型驱蚊片。研究驱蚊片中载药在室温下自然挥发速率曲线,讨论挥发速率与多孔基材结构的关系。将样品固定在风扇罩,参照国标GB/T 13917.10-2009进行模拟现场实验评估。采用扫描电子显微镜对驱蚊缓释剂的表面形貌进行观察。结果制备得到的风扇型缓释驱蚊片每块含有500 mg的四氟苯菊酯,其中样品C、D、E、F、G、H均具有良好的缓慢释放效果及驱蚊性能。对缓释型驱蚊片的表面形貌进行分析,在室温下,自然挥发速率与多孔基材的结构有一定的关联关系,孔隙结构中等发达的缓释驱蚊片样品缓释时间及载药释放量最优。结论风扇缓释型驱蚊片具有优秀的长效驱蚊能力,能够满足日常驱避蚊虫的需求。     

4种不同液体蚊香在野外对流行性乙型脑炎媒介控制效果研究

目的研究4种电热液体蚊香[0．12％四氟甲醚菊酯（A）,0．17％四氟甲醚菊酯（B）,0．86％四氟苯菊酯（C）,0．86％四氟丙炔菊酯（D）]在野外对流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）媒介的控制效果。方法采用人诱法,比较测定控制蚊虫前、后密度的下降率,调查蚊虫密度。结果试验主要蚊虫为传播乙脑的三带喙库蚊和致倦库蚊。蚊香样品中仅有样品A使三带喙库蚊的密度下降率〉80％,样品B、C和D使三带喙库蚊密度下降率均〈80％;蚊香样品A、C、D使致倦库蚊的密度下降率〉80％,样品B使其密度下降率在70％-80％之间。结论4种蚊香样品在现场有良好的驱避致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊的效果,但是蚊香B的驱蚊效果要差于蚊香样品A、C、D,野外试验结果与实验室药效有差别。     

固体室温空间驱避剂配方及工艺的初步研究

目的研究载体对固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发度、成形性、稳定性、残余量、驱蚊率及工艺的影响。方法比较7种不同载体的固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发速率、成形性、残余量、稳定性、驱蚊率及工艺,最终确定合适的载体。结果 7种固体室温空间驱避剂的挥发趋势大体相同,挥发速度有所差别,成形性各有差异,稳定性基本没有出现异常,残余量各自不同,驱蚊率皆在80%以上,制作工艺各有差异。结论琼脂的成形性最好,表面平整光滑,硬度最大,生产灌装工艺简单,驱蚊率在90%以上,稳定性未出现异常。最后确定选用琼脂作为固体室温空间驱避剂的载体。     

6种有效成分和2种禁用成分含量测定方法的建立

目的 建立测定蚊香、电热蚊香液和电热蚊香片中6种有效成分(四氟醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、富右旋反式烯丙菊酯、炔丙菊酯和氯氟醚菊酯)和2种禁用成分(仲丁威和八氯二丙醚)含量的研究。方法 采用气质内标法。结果 该方法测定6种有效成分和2种禁用成分的回收率为74.5%～94.3%。精密度试验显示浓度测定的标准偏差为1.72%～4.55%和峰面积测定的标准偏差为0.97%～2.44%。结论 该方法分离度好、精密度高、灵敏度高、专属性强且操作简单快速。     

四氟苯菊酯的合成与毒理学及生物学特征

目的分析四氟苯菊酯的毒理学和生物学特征。方法通过喂食、涂敷、喷雾等方法，对埃及伊蚊、家蝇等进行直接测试。结果在试验浓度范围内，四氟苯菊酯的急慢性毒性极低，致畸、致癌性未观测到，对埃及伊蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊、幕衣蛾击倒速度快，用量小。结论四氟苯菊酯毒性低，适合用于卫生杀虫制品。     

蝇香的风险评估研究

目的对蝇香风险进行评估,为实际应用提供指导。方法参考蚊香类产品风险评估方法,结合蝇香实际使用情况,对4种蝇香进行风险评估。结果评估有效成分为0.8%氯烯炔菊酯、0.2%四氟苯菊酯、1%右旋烯炔菊酯和0.4%Es-生物烯丙菊酯的4种蝇香在不开窗的情形下,对成人风险系数分别为45.866 3、0.380 0、0.665 7和1.404 8,对幼儿风险系数分别为102.435 1、0.861 0、1.544 6和3.144 8;在开窗的情形下,对成人风险系数分别为3.969 6、0.033 5、0.060 3和0.123 6,对幼儿风险系数分别为9.535 1、0.080 7、0.146 3和0.294 1。结论建立的蝇香风险评估方法可行。在不开窗的情形下,0.2%四氟苯菊酯蝇香对成人和幼儿的风险可接受,1%右旋烯炔菊酯蝇香对成人风险可接受,其余各有效成分蝇香对成人和幼儿风险均不可接受;在开窗的情形下,0.8%氯烯炔菊酯蚊香针对成人和幼儿风险不可接受,其余各有效成分蝇香对成人和幼儿的风险均可接受。     

室内空气中四氟苯菊酯的气相色谱-电子捕获器测定法

目的 采用气相色谱-电子捕获器(GC-ECD)法测定使用气雾杀虫剂后室内空气中残留的四氟苯菊酯.方法 在实验房间内布置4个采样泵,设定门窗开启和关闭两种实验条件.用OVS-2吸附管采集室内空气中的气雾杀虫剂样品,经甲苯萃取后,利用GC-ECD法检测.结果 四氟苯菊酯的保留时间为4.944 min,内标物毒死蜱的保留时间...     

驱蚊杀菌电热片的实验室效果观察

市场上电热蚊香片种类品牌很多，文献报道也不少，功能主要是驱除蚊虫。既驱蚊又对空气中的病菌起杀灭作用的蚊香片尚未见报道。本文就新研制成功的具有驱蚊和杀菌双重作用的电热蚊香片“蚊菌清”实验室驱蚊杀菌效果做以报道，同时观察其它品牌电热蚊香片的驱蚊效果。1材料与方法样品来源：“蚊菌清”电热片，济方生物技术公司提供，杀虫有效成分：右旋丙烯菊酯十丙快菊酯30ms；杀菌药物：唇形科植物提取物50ms；“雷达”。“必扑”、“洁利33”、浪潮”电热蚊香片，购自市场。方法：驱蚊效果，按照GB13917．5．92进行；蚊菌清的杀菌效果测…     

高效低毒风扇式驱蚊器与驱蚊片的研制

目的研制利用专用风扇驱蚊器的风力,使药物持续稳定释放,使灭蚊剂均匀、高效挥发的杀蚊产品。方法选用适宜的有效成分,并配合挥发调节剂制成驱蚊药剂,将药剂均匀地喷洒在专用的三层JQ11复合网制成的载体上;使用微电机驱动风扇吹出自然风,使含有药物的驱蚊片在空气中加速挥发。结果研制出风扇式驱蚊器与驱蚊片,有效驱蚊时间达90 h。结论风扇驱蚊器及驱蚊片的推出使国内又增加了一个新的卫生杀虫剂类型,这对将本行业的卫生杀虫产品向节能、环保及更高效安全的方向发展和对产业产品结构的更新有积极的促进作用。     

水基杀虫气雾剂有效成分测定中的样品前处理方法

目的在水基杀虫气雾剂有效成分的检测中,制定合适的样品处理方法,供气相色谱分析用。方法萃取法。结果用三氯甲烷作为萃取剂,对2种有效成分进行液-液萃取试验。经气相色谱测定,富右旋反式炔丙菊酯和氯菊酯的平均添加回收率分别为100.1%和99.8%。结论萃取法可用于水基杀虫气雾剂样品前处理。     

Evaporation and skin penetration characteristics of mosquito repellent formulations

Formulations of the mosquito repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in combination with a variety of additives were developed to control repellent evaporation and percutaneous penetration. Deet was also formulated with the repellent dimethyl phthalate to study the interaction of the two compounds on the skin. The evaporation and penetration processes were evaluated on whole and split-thickness pig skin using radiolabeled repellents with an in vitro apparatus. Under essentially still air and air flow conditions, one of the deet formulations resulted in significantly reduced total evaporation and percutaneous penetration of deet as compared to unformulated repellent. When deet and dimethyl phthalate were combined, neither repellent affected the total amount of evaporation and penetration of the other compound. However, initial percutaneous penetration and evaporation rates were slightly less and decayed less rapidly than when both chemicals were tested separately at the same dose. These results indicated a degree of competition of the two compounds for the same avenues of loss.     

驱蚊服饰面料驱避效果评价方法的探讨

目的建立对驱蚊服饰面料驱避效果的评价方法。方法以淡色库蚊为试虫,在特制玻璃方箱中于不同时间观察测试布和对照布上蚊虫停落只数,以蚊虫总数的比值的大小来评价驱避效果。结果将本方法分别应用于纯棉型驱蚊服饰面料和涤/棉型驱蚊服饰面料对淡色库蚊驱避效果的评价,2种驱蚊服饰面料的驱避指数分别为0.68~53.14和0.78~∞。结论本方法试验材料易获取,方法简便易行,适合于对驱蚊服饰面料驱避效果的评价。     

Permeation resistance of glove materials to agricultural pesticides.

The toxicities of many agricultural pesticides require that hand protection be used by persons who mix, load, and apply these products, as specified on the label and material safety data sheet. Selection of gloves for formulations that contain organic solvents is particularly problematic because a solvent that permeates the glove can carry with it the active ingredient of the pesticide formulation. With a test method that measures the simultaneous permeation of the carrier solvent(s) and active ingredient(s), in particular those active ingredients that have low solubility in water and low volatility, over 100 permeation tests (in triplicate) with approximately 20 pesticide formulations were conducted with 13 different glove materials. These results are summarized and generalizations are presented within the perspective of the large base of permeation data for neat chemicals and another large permeation study with pesticides. Key among the findings is that the carrier solvent generally permeates first and at a much higher rate than the active ingredient. Furthermore, the permeation behavior of formulations containing solvents generally mirrored that of neat carrier solvents alone. Thus, insight into the selection of the most appropriate glove material for a given pesticide formulation can be gained from permeation data for neat chemicals. For the types of solvents that may be present in pesticide formulations, preferred materials include nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, and plastic film laminates. Natural rubber and polyvinyl chloride materials generally are not recommended.     

用"Y"形管测试驱避剂药效的方法研究

目的：为驱避剂的生物药效测试提供一个新的方法;方法：Y形管测试法;结果：用其单独测试A、B两种驱蚊露产品时驱避时间分别为5h和6h,同时测试时则A表现得比B要强一些;用其单独测试C、D两种防蛀驱虫剂驱避率分别为100％和90％以上,同时测试时C也表现得比D强一些;结论：用Y形管驱避法能测试驱飞虫类和驱爬虫类驱避剂产品药效。     

Field efficacy of commercial antimosquito products in Illinois

We evaluated the efficacy of commercial antimosquito products in field trials in Illinois in June 1998 by comparing mosquito landing rates. Products tested were a sonic mosquito repeller, an insect killing grid using ultraviolet light and 1-octen-3-ol as lures, mosquito smoke coils containing a pyrethroid, citronella candles, the mosquito plant Pelargonium citrosum, and a N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet)-impregnated wrist band. The sonic mosquito repeller, insect killing grid, and mosquito smoke coils were evaluated in 16 trials over 5 days; the citronella candles and mosquito plants in II trials over 4 days; and the wrist bands in 4 trials on 1 day. In all 3 studies, we compared landing rates with the antimosquito products to both positive (topical application of a deet formulation) and negative (no treatment) controls. The deet topical repellent had a consistently lower landing rate than all the nontopically applied products tested. However, the mosquito coils and the deet-impregnated wrist bands did significantly reduce mosquito landing rates relative to untreated controls.     

4种配方驱避剂防蚊效果的研究

目的在新疆北湾地区观察4种驱避剂对刺扰伊蚊的驱避效果。方法在试验人群暴露的下肢上均匀涂抹驱避剂,然后观察驱避剂的有效率和有效保护率。结果4种驱避剂1 h的有效保护率较高为98.33%~99.79%,但保护时间和有效率较低,2号、3号配方有30%~40%的试验者保护时间超过60 m in;1号配方在不同密度剃度下,其保护时间有很大不同。结论在北湾地区,蚊虫密度很高的条件下,驱避剂虽然不能完全防止蚊虫的叮咬,但可极大地减少蚊虫的刺叮骚扰;在北湾地区科学使用驱避剂,对人体可起到较好的保护作用。     

10％高氯热雾剂的研制与现场灭蚊蝇效果观察

目的探索高效氯氰菊酯作为热雾剂的科学配制与应用。方法参照有关国家标准试验方法，进行助溶剂、稳定剂等筛选试验。结果研制的10％高氯热雾剂闪点适中、粘度小、低毒、冷热贮稳定性好。按2．5～5．0mg ai／m^3现场应用对蚊、蝇灭效达95％以上。结论该热雾剂性能稳定、效果可靠、使用安全、经济有效。     

多孔电热片蚊香对致乏库蚊的效果及其性能研究

目的　观察多孔电热片蚊香在实际应用中的生物药效、挥发性及稳定性。方法　室内药效试验和模拟现场药效试验分别按照GB 13 917.5 1992和GB 13 917.8 1992标准中规定的相关测试步骤进行 ;通过不同时间段加热处理 ,求出累计挥发率 ;采用热藏加速试验处理 ,给出有效含量损失率。结果　多孔电热片蚊香的生物药效优于对照组 ;累计挥发率多孔电热片蚊香为 84.5 6% ,对照组为 79.43 % ;损失率多孔电热片蚊香为 8.3 3 % ,对照组为 6.67%。结论　多孔电热片蚊香药液挥散面积大 ,见效快 ,药效高 ,具有开发应用前景。