FoxO3a、BubR1基因在皮肤自然衰老过程中的表达及意义

目的:探讨FoxO3a和BubR1基因与人皮肤自然衰老的关系。方法:收集80例急腹症手术患者非曝光部位皮肤标本,用反转录(RT)-PCR技术检测皮肤组织中FoxO3a和BubR1mRNA的表达量,并根据年龄分为3组:青年组(<25岁)、中年组(35～45岁)和老年组(>55岁),分析不同年龄组之间各基因表达水平的差异。结果:FoxO3amRNA的表达量随年龄增长而增多,BubR1mRNA随年龄增大而表达降低,两者在3组之间表达差异均有显著性(P<0.01),且两者呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论:FoxO3a和BubR1均可能在防止人的皮肤自然衰老过程中有一定的作用。     

过氧化物酶体增殖激活物受体γ在皮肤自然衰老过程中的表达及意义

目的研究过氧化物酶体增殖激活物受体γ（PPARγ）在皮肤自然衰老过程中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化方法（SP法）检测PPARγ的蛋白表达水平，RT—PCR方法检测PPARγ的mRNA表达水平。结果免疫组化研究结果表明中老年组PPARγ蛋白的表达强度显著高于青少年组（x^2=15．48，P=0．001）；RT—PCR检测结果表明中老年组PPARγmRNA的平均表达水平为0．697±0．204，青少年组为0．337±0．124，中老年组亦显著高于青少年组（t=8．25，P〈0．001）。结论随着年龄的增加，皮肤PPARγ的表达增高，在皮肤自然老化过程中可能起重要作用，PPARγ有可能成为研制延缓皮肤自然衰老药物的新靶点。     

不同年龄的唇部纹理分析

目的:初步探讨女性的唇部纹理在不同年龄段的特征和变化.方法:用临床评价和Photoshop7.0、VisioscanVC98 及面部图像分析仪共4种方法对263名中国女性唇部纹理表面形态及其相关客观参数进行分析.结果:①上唇:临床评分纹理数目在少年组与青年组、青年组与中年组、中年组与老年组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).Photoshop 直方图的中间值在少年组与青年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).Visioscan 熵值在少年组与青年组、青年组与中年组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);光滑度在少年组与青年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).SSA(skin surface analyser)深度值及分辨度在少年组与青年组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).②下唇:临床评分纹理数目、宽度及深度在少年组与青年组、中年组与老年组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).Visioscan 熵值、SSA 深度值及分辨度在中年组与老年组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).结论:女性的唇部老化随着年龄增大,表现为唇纹增多、加深,变得不规则.下唇比上唇纹理增加的更多、加深的更明显,变得更加不规则.     

吡咯喹啉醌对小鼠年龄相关皮肤衰老的延缓作用及机制研究

【摘要】 目的 研究吡咯喹啉醌对小鼠年龄相关皮肤衰老的作用及机制。方法 将昆明种小鼠SPF级喂养,分为3组,每组10只,年轻组用普通饮食喂养8个月,年老组用普通饮食喂养20个月构建小鼠自然衰老模型,吡咯喹啉醌组在每公斤普通饮食饲料中添加吡咯喹啉醌4 mg喂养20个月。喂养结束后,取各组小鼠背部皮肤组织,HE染色检测皮肤表皮和真皮厚度;Masson染色检测皮肤总胶原变化;免疫组化检测增殖蛋白Ki67表达变化;透射电镜检测皮肤自噬体变化;Western印迹检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin1、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、p62表达变化,各组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 HE和Masson染色显示,年老组表皮厚度［（15.67 ± 0.36） μm］和真皮厚度［（87.95 ± 11.86） μm］以及总胶原阳性百分率［（22.12 ± 1.72）%］均显著低于年轻组［（29.37 ± 0.25） μm、（264.93 ± 10.34） μm、（45.03 ± 1.54）%,均P＜0.05］,而吡咯喹啉醌组表皮厚度［（25.53 ± 0.47） μm］和真皮厚度［（145.01 ± 9.71） μm］以及总胶原阳性百分率［（31.17 ± 1.20）%］较年老组增加（均P＜0.05）。免疫组化结果显示,年老组皮肤增殖蛋白Ki67阳性细胞表达率［（13.74 ± 3.06）%］低于年轻组［（29.07 ± 2.79）%,P＜0.05］和吡咯喹啉醌组 ［（21.20 ± 1.47）%,P＜0.05］。透射电镜观察显示,年老组与年轻组比较,皮肤自噬体数量增加（P＜0.05）,吡咯喹啉醌组自噬体数量较年老组减少（P＜0.05）。Western印迹实验显示,与年轻组比较,年老组Beclin-1表达降低（P＜0.05）,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值下降（P＜0.05）,p62表达升高（P＜0.05）;而吡咯喹啉醌组与年老组比较,Beclin1表达升高（P＜0.05）,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值增加（P＜0.05）,p62表达降低（P＜0.05）。结论 吡咯喹啉醌能够延缓小鼠皮肤衰老,其机制可能与增加小鼠皮肤细胞增殖能力和促进皮肤自噬水平相关。     

蛋白激酶D1及其磷酸化位点在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、Bowen病及光线性角化病组织中的表达

目的 探讨蛋白激酶DI(PKD1)及其磷酸化位点pPKD1-tyr463和pPKD1-ser916在鳞状细胞癌(SCC)、Bowen病和光线性角化病(AK)中的表达及意义.方法 收集新鲜SCC、Bowen病、AK及正常皮肤组织各10份,RT-PCR法检测各组样本中PKD1在基因水平的表达,Western印迹法检测各组样本中PKD1及其磷酸化位点在蛋白水平的表达.另收集蜡块组织SCC 50份、Bowen病20份、AK 20份及正常表皮组织10份,免疫组化检测PKD1、pPKD1-tyr463及pPKD1-ser916的表达情况.结果 正常皮肤组织、SCC、Bowen病和AK组织中PRKD1 mRNA的表达量分别为0.64±0.09、5.37±1.06、2.69±0.72和2.43±0.46,4组间差异有统计学意义(F=21.37,P＜0.05),且SCC、Bowen病和AK组织的表达水平均显著高于正常组织(P＜0.05),SCC组织又显著高于AK和Bowen病组织(均P＜ 0.05),而Bowen病与AK组织的表达量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PKD1总蛋白及pPKD1-tyr463在SCC和Bowen病组织中主要表达在棘层细胞及异形细胞的细胞质和细胞膜,且阳性表达率均显著高于正常皮肤组和AK组(均P＜0.01);pPKD1-ser916仅在部分高分化SCC癌巢中少量表达,而低分化鳞癌、AK、Bowen病及正常皮肤组织中均未见表达;SCC组中PKD1阳性表达率随鳞癌病理分级的提高而增加,且PKD1与pPKD1-tyr463的表达呈正相关(rcc=0.479,P＜0.05).Western印迹检测结果与免疫组化检测结果大致相符.结论 PKD1及其磷酸化位点Tyr463可能参与复层鳞状上皮来源的皮肤肿瘤的形成和进一步发展分化,在皮肤SCC形成进程中PKD1可能通过Tyr463位点活化而发挥促进作用.     

P27,PCNA在CSCC中的表达

目的:测定P27(一种细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂)和PCNA(细胞核增殖抗原)在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(CSCC)组织中的表达.方法:用免疫组化法检测35例皮肤鳞癌石蜡包埋组织和8例正常皮肤组织P27,PCNA的表达.结果:P27在皮肤鳞癌组织中表达低于正常皮肤对照组(P＜0.05),在CSCC组织中各分级间表达强度差异显著(P＜0.05);PCNA在皮肤鳞癌组织中表达强度高于正常皮肤对照组,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在CSCC组织中各分级间表达强度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:P27和PCNA的异常表达可能与CSCC的发生和发展有关.     

iNOS在皮肤血管炎患者炎症细胞表达的研究

目的 :　观察诱导型一氧化氮合成酶 (iNOS)在皮肤血管炎的表达情况 ,进一步探讨其在皮肤血管炎发病机制中的作用。方法 :　应用免疫组化技术检测皮肤血管炎症细胞iNOS和内皮细胞型NOS(eNOS)的表达情况。结果 :　 2 3例皮肤血管炎皮损处血管炎症细胞iNOS有 16例表达阳性 ,与对照组比较 ,血管炎症细胞iNOS表达明显上调 (P <0 .0 1) ;并且 ,eNOS均有不同程度的表达 ,但两组间无显著性差异。结论 :　iNOS在皮肤血管炎的发病中可能起着重要作用。     

RUNX3蛋白在日光性角化病、鲍恩病及鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨RUNX3蛋白在日光性角化病(SK)、鲍恩病(BD)及鳞状细胞癌(SCC)组织中的表达及其作用机制和临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化(SP法)对正常皮肤组织(正常对照组)(10例),SK(30例)、BD(30例)及高(30例)、中(30例)、低分化的皮肤SCC(30例)组织分别对RUNX3进行染色,并采用Image-Pro Plus(IPP)6.0图像分析软件定量分析每个视野阳性表达的平均吸光度(A)值。结果:1RUNX3蛋白在正常对照组中平均A值为0.1841±0.0022;SK组为0.1922±0.0025;BD组为0.1926±0.0019;高分化SCC组为0.1943±0.0025,中分化SCC组为0.1945±0.0028,低分化SCC组为0.1946±0.0033。各组RUNX3蛋白的阳性表达差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2正常对照组分别与SK组、BD组及高、中、低分化SCC组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);SK组和BD组分别与高、中、低分化SCC组比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(P均0.05);而SK组与BD组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);高、中、低分化SCC组各组之间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RUNX3蛋白在SCC中的表达高于BD及SK,正常皮肤低表达或不表达,可以看出RUNX3蛋白在皮肤SCC中有可能参与了肿瘤发生及发展,可能有致瘤的作用;RUNX3是否可能成为皮肤肿瘤早期诊断、鉴别诊断、肿瘤恶性程度分级及预后评估的生物学指标之一,有待进一步研究。     

116例健康儿童部分皮肤屏障参数检测

目的 了解北京市健康儿童不同部位皮肤理化参数的数值及差别.方法 将北京116名健康儿童分为4组.采用皮肤水分流失测试仪TM300、皮肤水分测试仪CM825及皮肤酸碱度测试仪PH905检测前额、颊前、前臂3个部位的经表皮失水(TEWL)、水分和pH值,皮肤黑素和血红蛋白测试探头MX18测量面部的黑素值.结果 ①不同年龄及不同部位的TEWL值,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②角质层含水量值(额部、面颊部和前臂):＜1岁组分别为51.53±15.70、39.88±10.48、50.33±17.54;1～3岁组分别为49.95±17.88、32.51±12.09、36.10±7.43;4～6岁组分别为51.37±10.60、31.65±9.01、34.41±8.21;7～12岁组分别为49.74±10.64、39.99±50.43、29.35±8.10;不同年龄的角质层含水量,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在不同部位,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),颊部和前臂角质层含水量明显低于额部;③pH值(额部、面颊部和前臂):＜1岁组分别为5.27±0.60、6.12±0.51、5.48±0.45;1～3岁组分别为4.68±0.58、6.80±0.55、5.07±0.58;4～6岁组分别为4.58±0.37、5.70±0.48、5.09±0.49;7～12岁组分别为4.87±0.51、5.72±0.49、5.09±0.51;不同年龄的pH值,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在不同部位,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),颊部pH值明显高于前臂和额部;④不同年龄的面部皮肤黑素值,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 健康儿童皮肤理化参数在不同部位存在一定差异.     

Maspin蛋白在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达

目的:检测maspin蛋白在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达.方法:采用免疫组化方法分别检测43例初发尖锐湿疣、24例复发尖锐湿疣和20例正常包皮组织中maspin蛋白的表达,并分析maspin蛋白表达与尖锐湿疣各临床参数之间的关系.结果:正常对照组、初发组和复发组中maspin蛋白的阳性表达率分别为85.00％、51.16％和20.83％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);随着患者病程的延长及复发次数的增多maspin阳性性表达率随之降低,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:maspin蛋白表达下调可能是尖锐湿疣发生和复发的重要因素之一.     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Self‐resolving superficial primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a 7‐week‐old infant

A 7‐week‐old girl, born at 30 weeks' gestational age, presented to clinic for evaluation of a crop of vesicular lesions that were noted after removal of a bandage that had been in place for 4 days. A punch biopsy of the lesion revealed fungal elements that were later identified as Rhizopus spp. The lesion began to self‐resolve, and no further treatment was needed, with full resolution of the lesion by 1 month after presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of mucormycosis and consider fungal infection in the differential diagnosis when evaluating vulnerable patients with skin eruptions.     

Pathogenic role of IL-17 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from a complex network of cytokines and chemokines produced by various immune cell types and tissue cells. Emerging evidence suggests a central role of IL-17 and IL-23/T17 axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, giving a rationale for using IL-17-blocking agents as therapeutics.Three agents targeting IL-17 signaling are being studied in Phase III clinical trials: secukinumab and ixekizumab (IL-17 neutralizing agents), and brodalumab (IL-17 receptor antagonist). Preliminary results are highly promising for all anti-IL17 agents, creating fair expectations on this class of agents as the new effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of psoriasis.