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1.
目的了解当前哈尔滨地区早产儿母乳中各种营养素的含量,为研制国内早产儿强化母乳提供科学依据,为更加合理喂养早产儿促进其健康成长提供科学依据。方法收集哈尔滨市四个地区62名产妇的乳汁(早产儿初乳32份、成熟乳28份;足月儿初乳及成熟乳各30份),测定乳汁中蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、镁、铜、铁、锌、锰的含量。结果哈尔滨地区早产儿母乳中蛋白质、磷、锌、镁在成熟乳期下降明显,铁、铜略有下降,但差异无统计学意义,脂肪、锰随泌乳期呈上升趋势,钙无明显变化。早产儿母乳在初乳及成熟乳期蛋白质含量均高于足月儿母乳,其他元素差异两者间无统计学意义。结论早产儿母乳中蛋白质、锌、脂肪含量在成熟乳阶段含量偏低,建议适当补充,注意喂养。  相似文献   

2.
随机测定70名初产妇中的45份初乳及42份成熟乳锌,铜含量,并测定相应的母血清含量,结果表明,母乳锌,铜水平随产后时间推移而下降,且母血锌,铜水平与初乳锌,铜水平无相关,提出母乳锌,铜分泌可能既受自身调节控制,又受母乳其他成分分泌的影响。  相似文献   

3.
背景:中国早产儿母乳成分的报告不多,早产儿母乳成分可能受遗传、饮食习惯等影响。 目的探索不同孕周、不同分娩方式的早产儿母亲在不同泌乳阶段乳汁的宏量营养素含量及其变化情况。 设计:横断面调查。 方法:纳入NICU收治的出生体重<2 500 g、孕周<37周的早产儿母亲,母亲年龄>18岁、无严重先天畸形,未使用免疫抑制剂,无母乳喂养禁忌证,自愿提供新鲜母乳,以双侧电动吸奶器收集早上4~5时双侧乳房全乳至一次性储奶瓶,冷链运送,从母亲采集母乳至上机行成分分析的过程在4 h内完成,采用 MIRIS HMA 母乳分析仪(瑞典 Miris AB 公司),检测时用超声技术进行匀化。通过婴儿病例资料获取临床信息,根据纳入母亲分娩孕周分为<28周组、~32周组和~<37周组;根据纳入母亲分娩年龄分为适龄产妇(≤34岁)和高龄产妇(>35岁);根据采集母乳发生于产后时间分为产后初乳(1~7 d)、过渡乳(~14 d)、成熟乳(~42 d)。 主要结局指标:早产儿母亲不同泌乳阶段乳汁的宏量营养素含量。 结果:符合本文纳入标准的早产儿母亲191例,阴道分娩79例(41.4%),分娩年龄18~44(31.1±4.5)岁,分娩时孕周为(29.2±2.2)周;分娩191例婴儿,男婴102例(53.4%),女婴89例,出生体重 (1 286±344)g。共收集到母乳305份,其中初乳55份,过渡乳72份,成熟乳178份。初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳的脂肪含量呈递增趋势,蛋白质呈递减趋势,差异均有统计学意义;初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳多重比较结果显示,碳水化合物和总能量差异有统计学意义,但过渡乳和成熟乳的碳水化合物、总能量差异无统计学意义。不同孕周的早产儿母亲的母乳中宏量营养素及总能量多重分析差异均无统计学意义。过渡乳中的蛋白质含量<28周高于~32周和~<37周,过渡乳中的碳水化合物含量~28周和~32周高于~<37周,差异均有统计学意义。初乳中的脂肪含量阴道分娩低于剖宫产,过渡乳和成熟乳中的蛋白质含量阴道分娩均低于剖宫产,成熟乳中的碳水化合物含量阴道分娩高于剖宫产,差异均有统计学意义。成熟乳中的脂肪含量和总能量适龄产妇低于高龄产妇,差异均有统计学意义。 结论:不同泌乳阶段早产儿母乳中的宏量营养元素和总能量有明显差别,未来可考虑开展母乳成分分析以指导早产儿个体化母乳喂养。  相似文献   

4.
早产儿及其母亲体内钙 铁 镁含量的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:研究早产儿母亲孕前孕期钙、铁、镁摄入情况,早产儿及其母亲体内钙、铁、镁含量,从早产儿的营养影响因素方面初步探讨早产的发病机制,并为预防早产提供依据。方法:选取严格配对的病例和对照共240例作为研究对象,对母亲怀孕前和怀孕期间钙、铁、镁的摄入情况进行膳食调查,ICP-OES法对血浆、羊水、胎盘、母乳、胎粪多种生物样本中钙、铁、镁的水平进行检测和统计分析。结果:怀孕期间,早产儿母亲铁和镁的摄入量亦均显著低于足月儿母亲(P<0.05),怀孕前铁和钙的摄入量亦均显著低于足月儿母亲(P<0.05)。多元方差分析结果显示早产儿母亲体内的钙、铁含量显著低于足月儿母亲(P<0.05);早产儿体内铁、镁含量明显低于足月儿(P<0.05)。母亲和新生儿的血浆钙、铁和镁水平都呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:早产儿母亲体内钙、铁含量低于足月儿母亲,早产儿体内的铁、镁含量低于足月儿。有关反映钙、铁和镁含量的指标与母亲在孕前孕期摄入情况的关系还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

5.
早产儿和足月儿母乳中脂肪酸组成比较研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
为进一步提倡母乳喂养,本研究采用气相色谱法分析了不同泌乳期38例早产儿和足月儿母乳中脂肪酸的组成。结果:初乳中总饱和脂肪酸百分含量较低,总不饱和脂肪酸百分含量较高,尤其是长链多价不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,随着泌乳期的延长,母乳中C80、C100、C120和C161百分含量逐渐升高,而C160、C180、C204ω6和C226ω3百分含量逐渐下降,早产儿母乳成熟乳中总饱和脂肪酸及中链脂肪酸C80~C140百分含量明显高于足月儿母乳。结论:初乳,特别是第1、2天的初乳,应尽量哺喂新生儿。对于早产儿,更应鼓励母乳喂养。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨早产儿母亲乳汁营养成分的特点及动态变化。方法 收集2012 年11 月至2014 年1月在北京协和医院产科分娩产妇170 人的母乳339 份,用MIRIS 母乳分析仪检测母乳中宏量营养素及能量,比较各组母乳营养成分的差异。结果 (1)早产母乳中蛋白质含量:初乳> 过渡乳> 成熟乳(2.22±0.49 g/dL vs1.83±0.39 g/dL vs 1.40±0.28 g/dL;PPPPP+1~33+6 周组(2.11±0.25 g/dL)和≥ 34 周组(2.22±0.39 g/dL)比较差异有统计学意义(P+1~33+6 周(51±6 kcal/dL vs 58±8 kcal/dL,P+1~33+6 周组和≥ 34 周组(P+1~33+6 周成熟乳蛋白质显著高于≤ 30 周和≥ 34 周组(P结论 (1)早产初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳营养成分差异显著;(2)早产初乳蛋白质显著高于足月初乳,这种差异未能持续到成熟乳阶段;(3)不同孕周早产产妇母乳营养成分亦存在差异,以适应不同胎龄早产儿的营养需要。  相似文献   

7.
母发、子发、母乳微量元素配对分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探讨母发、于发、母乳之间的微量元素关系,我们对12名产妇的头发、乳汁及其新生儿的头发作了微量元素锡、锌、铁、钙、镁测定。对象为本院分娩的12名初产妇,孕期体检正常。12例配对的新生儿足月健康,产后1无~7天。每天上午(9~]0)时每名产妇各收集母了L约10ml。海份乳样分别检测微量元素的含量。产后8天内收集产妇及其新生儿头发标本各1价送检。测定方法均采用原子吸收光谱法则C京第二光学仪器厂出品)。结果见表1,表2。讨论一、母乳微量元素锡、锌、铁、钙、镁的含量第1天最高,第2大迅速下降,幼S天以后虽然呈下降趋势,但…  相似文献   

8.
佝偻病患儿血清微量元素比值的临床意义   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
目的研究佝偻病患儿血清微量元素的含量及其比值的临床意义。方法采用原子吸收光谱法,测定56例活动期佝偻病患儿、7l例健康小儿血清微量元素锌、铜、铁、锰、钙和镁的含量,并计算它们的比值。结果与健康儿童比较,佝偻病患儿血清Ca/Mg、Cu/Fe、Zn/Fe的比值下降,Cu/Zn比值升高,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。佝偻病患儿血清钙、锌含量下降,佝偻病与血清钙、锌之间呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.6542和-0.1683;血清铜、铁、镁含量高于正常儿;而锰含量两组之间无显著性差异。结论除低钙外,低锌可能也参与了佝偻病的发生发展。在佝偻病的防治中,应注意微量元素的平衡,适当补充锌制剂。  相似文献   

9.
早产儿消化系统的特点及喂养   总被引:201,自引:0,他引:201  
早产儿良好的生存离不开有效的营养 ,而这又有赖于胃肠道消化吸收功能、粘膜屏障功能和动力的成熟与完善 ,早产儿这些功能都不成熟 ,前两方面的缺陷可通过应用特殊的早产儿配方乳或母乳强化剂来克服 ,而胃肠道动力的不成熟只能采用合适的喂养方法来解决。1 早产儿消化系统特点1.1 胃肠道动力的特点[1]  ①尽管孕 15周就可检测到胎儿口部的吸吮动作 ,但协调的吸吮和吞咽要到 34周才成熟 ,因此较小的早产儿易发生乳汁吸入。②协调的食管蠕动存在于孕 32周时 ,然而与足月儿相比 ,其收缩幅度、传播速度及下食管括约肌压力均是降低的 ,因此比…  相似文献   

10.
动态观察母乳中表皮生长因子,骨钙素,铁蛋白及生长激素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用放免法对77例不同哺乳期母乳中表皮生长因子(EGF)、骨钙素(BGP)、铁蛋白及生长激素(GH)含量进行测定。结果表明,EGF在初乳和过渡乳含量明显高于成熟乳和晚乳(P<0.001);铁蛋白在初乳中含量最高,以后逐渐减低(P<0.05);BGP和GH在各期母乳间无显著性差异。认为乳中EGF、BGP、铁蛋白、GH及在各期间的变化对儿童的生长发育十分重要。  相似文献   

11.
Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.  相似文献   

12.
13.
目的研究氨磷汀在儿童肿瘤化疗中的作用及不良反应。方法随机选择肿瘤32例患儿,采用自身对照,观察患儿在同一化疗方案中使用氨磷汀辅助治疗后黏膜损伤、骨髓抑制时间、发热持续时间、抗生素及刺激因子应用时间及氨磷汀的不良反应。结果氨磷汀辅助治疗组发生黏膜溃疡4例,明显低于对照组9例;中性粒细胞<0.5×109/L持续时间缩短,血小板<5×109/L持续时间缩短;发热持续时间、抗生素和刺激因子应用时间缩短。两组化疗过程中均未出现低体温、皮疹、低血压等情况,化疗后肾功能、心电图均正常;对肝功能影响程度相似;氨磷汀组低钙血症尤其是低钙性抽搐发生率高。结论氨磷汀能够有效保护正常组织细胞,不良反应较低,可在儿童肿瘤患者化疗中应用。  相似文献   

14.
Objective : Social factors and prevalent norms in the community determine the proportion of teenage pregnancy in the community. In the light of high risk associated with teenage pregnancy, the socio-cultural determinants, which influence the conception among teenagers in Nepal, need to be understood. These determinants may be modified by suitable interventions to reduce teenage pregnancy. Aim of this study was to examine the socio-cultural determinants of teenage pregnancy in eastern Nepal.Methods : A case-control study design was selected for comparing the education, economic status, family support and freedom towards conception among teenagers as compared to higher age group women.Result : Seventy adolescent pregnant women were compared with seventy primigravida women in the 20 to 29 years age group. The teenage pregnant women were less educated, had poor economic background, more likely to have accidental pregnancies as compared to the other group and more likely to have love marriages. Husbands were more likely to decide about continuation of pregnancy. They had less psychological and social support from the family.Conclusion : Marriage at young age and pregnancy during teens are associated with less social acceptance and poor support in the family.  相似文献   

15.
Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.  相似文献   

16.
家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)是一种常染色体显性遗传的脂质代谢障碍疾病,由于FH早期就可引起动脉粥样硬化病变,增加患者严重心血管疾病的患病风险和死亡风险,因此目前越来越强调患者自儿童期就使用他汀类药物进行治疗,以改善远期预后。文章综述他汀类药物治疗儿童FH的必要性、有效性和安全性,同时也提出目前存在的一些问题和思考。  相似文献   

17.
The incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in children was studied prospectively in 112 children aged 1 mo to 14 y. Diagnosis of C. pneumoniae was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal aspirates and serology by the microimmunofluorescence test on a single serum specimen. Three (2.7%) cases of pneumonia due to this agent were diagnosed by both PCR and serology. C. pneumoniae was not found in any of 62 children below 5 y of age. In the age group 5-8 y, only 1/30 (3%) was found positive, and in the age group 9-14 y, C. pneumoniae was diagnosed in 2/20 (10%) children. Conclusion: Although the number of enrolled patients is small, and the diagnostic techniques used may have some limitations, the results of this study suggest that C. pneumoniae plays a minor role in the aetiology of pneumonia in children less than 9 y of age in our country. However, it should be considered as a potential agent in pneumonia in older children.  相似文献   

18.
皮质激素在癫痫中的应用已有近50a的历史,现已证明其对某些癫痫综合征如婴儿痉挛症、Landau—Kleffner综合征、Rassmussen综合征、具有睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态的癫痫综合征等具有肯定的治疗作用,其确切的作用机制尚不清楚。在皮质激素应用过程中应注意其不良反应。  相似文献   

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Fifty children in the first decade of life, and suffering from multiple drug resistant kala-azar, confirmed by demonstration of amastigotes in aspirates of bone marrow or spleen were treated with amphotericin B in gradually increasing dosage to a total dose of 20 mg/kg. All patients had classical features of severe kala-azar, and had taken more than one course of antimony and pentamidine, and three patients had taken one additional course of ketoconazole besides many courses of antimony and pentamidine. The clinical response started just after first infusion in 8 patients, and the patients became afebrile. By 5th infusion, all looked better and 18 patients became afebrile. By 15th infusion all patients were afebrile and cheerful. Their spleens became smaller and body weights and total white cell counts increased. Forty eight patients had parasitological cure at the end of treatment, and only 2 patients required an additional 5 infusions for parasitological cure. All patients were ultimately cured. No one relapsed within six months of follow up. All patients had shivering, rigor and rise of temperature on the day of infusion, which could be minimized with prior administration of low dose of hydrocortisone, but could not be eliminated. Eighteen patients had loose motions during treatment, while 14 patients had decrease in appetite which improved quickly when the treatment was over. Fourteen patients had transient rise of blood urea, in six patients serum creatinine also increased and 16 patients had a minor fall in serum potassium. It is concluded that amphotericin B is a very effective drug for multidrug resistant kala-azar in children, and should be used without hesitation in all such cases in children, but under close medical supervision.  相似文献   

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