凝血功能预测肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜术后早期再出血的效能分析

目的:分析凝血功能预测肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜术后早期再出血的效能.方法:将 2021年 6 月至 2023 年 6 月我院收治的 64 例肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者纳入研究.对所有患者行内镜手术,并根据术后是否发生再出血事件进行分组,将发生再出血事件的患者纳入出血组(31 例),将未发生出血事件的患者纳入未出血组(33 例).对比两组患者术后 1 d、5 d、7 d的凝血四项指标凝血酶时间(Thrombin time,TT)、凝血酶原时间(Prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(Activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB).并使用受试者工作特征曲线分析术后 1 d患者PT、APTT、TT、FIB对内镜术后早期再出血的预测价值.结果:术后 1 d,出血组患者PT、APTT、TT水平高于未出血组,FIB低于未出血组(P＜0.05);术后 5 d,出血组患者PT、APTT、TT水平高于未出血组,FIB低于未出血组(P＜0.05);术后 7 d,出血组患者PT、TT水平高于未出血组,FIB水平低于未出血组(P＜0.05),两组患者APTT水平差异不明显(P＞0.05).经 ROC 分析,PT、APTT、TT、FIB 对内镜术后早期再出血的下曲线面积分别为 0.679、0.761、0.754、0.743,敏感度分别为 72.73%、66.67%、75.00%、79.17%,特异性分别为 64.29%、75.00%、72.22%、70.00%(P＜0.05).结论:凝血功能对肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜术后早期再出血具有预测价值,可用于早期评估患者的再出血风险.     

初发急性白血病患者出血相关因素分析

目的:分析初发急性白血病患者出血与凝血指标和血小板数量(PLT)之间的关系。方法:92例初发急性白血病患者(急性早幼粒细胞白血病除外),依据是否发生出血分为出血组(43例)和未出血组(49例),分析各组初诊时PLT、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)异常状态和水平差异,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析PLT、FIB对急性白血病患者出血的诊断价值。结果:出血组与未出血组患者凝血指标异常率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者初诊时PLT分布差异有统计学意义(P0.01),且PLT越低越易发生出血。出血组患者FIB水平显著低于未出血组(P0.05),两组其它四项凝血指标差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。当PLT临界值为39.50×109/L时诊断急性白血病患者出血的敏感度为0.633,特异度为0.814。FIB判断患者出血的价值较差。结论:初发急性白血病患者的PLT、FIB水平与出血事件有关。     

新生儿高胆红素血症患儿胆红素的变化与继发性血小板增多症及凝血异常的临床研究

目的探究高胆红素血症新生儿血清胆红素的变化与继发性血小板增多症和凝血功能异常的关系。方法选取2016年6月~2017年6月于我院新生儿科住院的35例高胆红素血症患儿作为观察组,另取同期35例血清胆红素正常的新生儿作为对照组,比较两组新生儿外周血PLT、APTT、PT、TT、Fib水平以及继发性血小板增多症发生率。根据患儿血清总胆红素(TBiL)水平分为257μmol/L组和257μmol/L组,对比二组患儿PLT、APTT、PT、TT、Fib水平以及继发性血小板增多症发生率。观察血小板增多症患儿与PLT正常患儿TBiL恢复正常的时间。结果 1.观察组患儿外周血PLT、APTT、PT、TT水平高于对照组,Fib低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.14、7.33、7.54、4.64和5.18,均P0.05);观察组与对照组患儿继发性血小板增多症发病率分别为19.9%和5.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.94,P0.05);2.257μmol/L组PLT、APTT、PT、TT和FIB与257μmol/L组均具有显著的差异(t=2.56、2.71、2.11、2.23和2.45,P0.05)存在显著差异。而继发性血小板增多症发病率在两组之间不存在显著的统计学差异(χ2=2.58,P0.05);3.血小板增多症患儿外周血TBiL恢复正常时间为(10.2±3.4)d,PLT正常患儿外周血TBiL恢复正常时间为(8.3±1.5)d,两组差异有统计学意义(t=6.46,P0.05)。结论新生儿高胆红素血症可引起PLT增多和凝血功能异常;2.随着血清TBiL水平升高,凝血功能受损加重;3.继发性血小板增多症可延长患儿血清TBiL恢复正常时间。     

手术大出血和急性髓系白血病患者血小板数量变化及与凝血指标的关系

目的:分析手术中大量失血和急性髓系白血病患者血小板减少与凝血功能的关系。方法:选择本院手术大出血患者(手术大出血组)、急性髓系白血病患者(急性髓系白血病组)各30例,体检健康人群30例为健康对照组,平行检测三组血小板计数(PLT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和国际标准化比值(INR),比较各指标组间差异,分析各组PLT与凝血指标的相关性。结果:手术大出血组、急性髓系白血病组PLT明显低于健康对照组(P0.01),急性髓系白血病组更低(P0.01);急性髓系白血病组PT、APTT较健康对照组显著延长(P0.01),手术大出血组较急性髓系白血病组PT、APTT延长,INR升高(P0.01);手术大出血组FIB水平较健康对照组显著降低(P0.01)。相关性分析表明,急性髓系白血病患者PLT与FIB水平呈负相关(r=-0.374,P0.05)。结论:术中大量出血患者PLT高于急性髓系白血病患者,但凝血功能较差,出血风险较大。     

不同程度烧伤患者凝血功能变化及意义

目的探讨不同程度烧伤患者凝血指标包括血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)、D-二聚体(DD)以及血小板(PLT)计数的变化情况,为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析2017年4月至2018年12月第一次烧伤并在我院接受治疗的183例烧伤患者,根据其烧伤程度分为轻度、中度、重度及特重度烧伤组,对各组凝血指标包括PT、APTT、FIB、TT以及DD和PLT进行检测,比较各组患者同类指标水平的差异;根据重度及特重度烧伤患者入院以后是否发生DIC将患者分成DIC组和非DIC组,分析两组患者入院时的FIB、PLT及DD水平,比较两组结果是否有差异。结果随着烧伤程度的加重,从轻度组到特重度组烧伤患者凝血指标及DD水平逐步增高,PLT水平逐步降低。其中特重度组的凝血指标及DD水平最高,轻度组最低,特重度组的PLT水平最低,而轻度组的PLT水平最高。四组之间两两比较结果如下:轻度组与中度组相比,DD结果有显著差异,其他指标不存在差异;与重度组比较,PT、APTT、TT、DD以及PLT有差异,FIB无差异;与特重度组相比,PT、APTT、FIB、TT、DD以及PLT均有差异;中度组与重度组比较,DD有差异,其他指标无差异;与特重度组相比PT、APTT、FIB、TT、DD以及PLT均有差异;重度组与特重度组相比,FIB、DD结果有显著差异,其他指标无差异。DIC组患者的血小板水平低于非DIC组(P<0.05),而FIB及DD水平高于非DIC组(P<0.05)。结论不同程度的烧伤患者的凝血指标、DD及PLT水平存在较大差异,尤其重度及特重度烧伤患者烧伤面积较大,及时监测患者凝血系统及纤溶系统指标,对患者病情判断、预防弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的发生具有重要临床价值。     

机采血小板联合冷沉淀输注对颅脑外伤大出血患者凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨机采血小板联合冷沉淀输注对颅脑外伤大出血患者凝血功能的影响。方法 选取2017年1月~2018年10月我院收治的90例重型颅脑外伤患者，随机分为A、B、C三组，各30例。A组输注血小板治疗，B组输注冷沉淀治疗，C组输注血小板和冷沉淀治疗。比较三组输注血制品前后的凝血功能变化。结果 输注前1 h三组血小板（Plt）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血酶原时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；输注24 h后三组Plt、FIB均高于输注前1 h，TT、APTT、PT均低于输注前1 h，且C组PLT、TT、APTT、PT优于A组、B组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对于颅脑外伤大出血患者，联合输注血小板和冷沉淀对其凝血功能的改善优于单独输注血小板和冷沉淀。     

凶险性前置胎盘患者妊娠期止血凝血功能特点及其对产后出血的预测价值

目的 探究凶险性前置胎盘（PPP）妊娠期止血凝血特点及其对PPP患者产后出血的预测价值。方法 选择2019年3月至2021年6月四川省自贡市妇幼保健院收治的76例PPP患者作为研究对象并纳入PPP组,另于同一时期选择50例健康孕妇纳入健康组。根据PPP组组内患者产后是否出血分为产后出血组（36例）和非产后出血组（40例）。比较PPP组和健康组孕妇的凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）及D-二聚体（D-D）水平,分析PPP患者的止血凝血功能特点;多因素Logistic回归分析分析影响患者产后出血的独立影响因素;受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析凝血功能指标对PPP产妇产后出血的预测价值;构建并评价列线图预测模型。结果 PPP组PT、TT、APTT、FIB均明显高于正常组,D-D明显低于正常组（P<0.05）。PT、TT、APTT、FIB、D-D、胎盘粘连、胎盘植入、前置胎盘为可独立增加PPP患者产后出血风险（P<0.05）。PT、TT、APTT、FIB、D-D五者联合对PPP患者产后出血预测价值最好。列线图预测模型区分度...     

术前纤维蛋白原水平对高血压脑出血微创穿刺引流术后再出血的预测价值

目的探讨术前纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平对高血压脑出血(HICH)微创穿刺引流术后再出血的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年2月川北医学院附属三台医院神经外科收治的177例HICH患者的临床资料,患者均采用微创穿刺引流术治疗,术前ELISA法检测血清FIB,判断术后再出血发生率,分析术前FIB水平对术后再出血的预测价值,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析再出血的影响因素。结果本研究177例患者中,23例(12. 99%)发生术后再出血;再出血患者术前FIB为(4. 64±1. 03) g/L,未再出血患者术前FIB为(3. 07±0. 50) g/L,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=11. 829,P 0. 05)。术前FIB临界值为4. 190 g/L时,预测术后再出血的ROC曲线下面积为0. 894,敏感度为73. 91%,特异度为98. 05%。单因素分析结果显示,HICH微创穿刺引流术后再出血与患者发病至手术时间、术前FIB水平、术后收缩压、术后舒张压均有关;多因素Logictic回归分析显示,发病至手术时间≥6 h、术前FIB≥4. 190 g/L、术后收缩压≥200 mm Hg、术后舒张压≥120 mm Hg均是HICH微创穿刺引流术后再出血的危险因素,OR值分别为1. 844、3. 297、2. 469、2. 459。结论术前FIB水平是HICH微创穿刺引流术后再出血较灵敏的预测指标,临床需要对再出血高危人群采取针对性预防措施以降低再出血风险。     

血必净注射液对大面积烧伤患者炎性介质和凝血功能的影响

目的观察血必净对大面积烧伤患者血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)以及血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的影响。方法近4年总面积30%的烧伤患者24例,随机分为常规治疗组和血必净组,每组12例;常规治疗组根据体重、烧伤面积、烧伤深度行补液复苏,抗感染以及保护各脏器功能等对症支持治疗;血必净组在常规治疗组的基础上加用血必净注射液50mL配伍生理盐水100mL静脉滴注,2次/d。检测两组患者治疗第1、2、5和7天血清中TNF-α、IL-6浓度变化;第7天PLT、PT、TT、FIB、APTT的变化。结果 (1)治疗第1、2和5天,常规治疗组和血必净组TNF-α和IL-6均明显高于正常值(P0.05);治疗第5天和第7天,血必净组TNF-α和IL-6水平明显低于常规治疗组(P0.05);治疗第7天,常规治疗组TNF-α和IL-6水平显著高于正常值(P0.05),而血必净组和正常值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)常规治疗组PLT和FIB明显低于正常值和血必净组,而血必净组与正常值之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。常规治疗组APTT、PT和TT明显延长,与正常值相比有统计学意义(P0.05),血必净组APTT、PT和TT较常规治疗组显著缩短(P0.05),与正常值相比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血必净注射液可有效的抑制大面积烧伤患者血清中TNF-α和IL-6的释放,减轻APTT、PT和TT的异常。     

急性髓系白血病化疗患者凝血功能与其感染关系及相关因素分析

目的分析急性髓系白血病化疗患者凝血功能与其感染的关系,并研究影响化疗后患者感染发生的相关因素。方法选取我院2017年1月～2019年12月收治的65例急性髓系白血病化疗患者作为研究对象,按照化疗后感染情况分为感染组(35例)和未感染组(30例)。比较两组患者凝血功能指标,分析影响急性髓系白血病患者化疗后并发感染的危险因素。结果未感染组患者PT、APTT、D-D、FIB指标显著低于感染组患者(P0.05);患者WBC、血红蛋白、PT、APTT、D-D、FIB是影响急性髓系白血病化疗后患者并发感染的单因素(P0.05),患者年龄、性别、BMI指数、血小板计数非影响因素(P0.05);通过Logistic回归分析,发现凝血功能PT、APTT、D-D、FIB、WBC、血红蛋白为影响急性髓系白血病化疗后并发感染的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论凝血功能异常可加大急性髓系白血病患者化疗后感染发生的风险,同时WBC≥2.0×10~9/L、血红蛋白≥60g/L、PT≥10s、APTT≥33s、D-D≥0.2ng/L、FIB≥4g/L是影响急性髓系白血病患者化疗后并发感染的独立危险因素,密切监测指标变化情况可为急性髓系白血病患者治疗期间预测感染的发生提供一定参考依据。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.