血清25(OH)D3、超敏C反应蛋白水平与老年2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的相关性分析

目的分析血清25-羟维生素D3[25(OH) D3]、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并骨质疏松的相关性。方法将218例T2DM患者中存在骨质疏松者纳入观察组(n=80),骨量减少者纳入对照组A(n=50),无骨质疏松和骨量减少者纳入对照组B(n=88),另选择同期体检的健康老年人群62例作为健康组,比较各组血清25(OH)D3、hs-CRP水平及骨代谢指标[骨钙素(BGP)、总1型前胶原氨基端延长肽(T-P1NP)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)],根据血清25(OH)D3水平将观察组受试者分为25(OH)D3严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组,对比三组的血清hs-CRP及骨代谢指标,分析血清25 (OH) D3、hs-CRP、骨代谢指标的相关性。结果观察组血清25 (OH) D3、BGP、T-P1NP水平低于对照组A、对照组B、健康组,观察组血清hs-CRP、β-CTX水平高于其他各组(P <0.05);25(OH) D3水平严重缺乏组血清hs-CRP、β-CTX高于25(OH)D3缺乏组、不足组,而血清BGP、T-P1NP水平低于25(OH) D3缺乏组、不足组(P <0.05),25(OH) D3缺乏组、不足组上述指标比较差异也有统计学意义(P <0.05);老年T2DM合并骨质疏松患者血清25(OH)D3与其BGP、T-P1NP呈正相关,而与hs-CRP、β-CTX呈负相关,hs-CRP与BGP、T-P1NP呈负相关,与β-CTX呈正相关(P <0.05)。结论血清25 (OH) D3、hs-CRP参与T2DM发生与发展,能敏感地反映早期骨代谢情况,预测骨质疏松的发生风险。     

男性2型糖尿病患者维生素D营养状况及其对骨代谢指标的影响

目的 了解男性2型糖尿病患者维生素D营养状况及其对骨代谢指标的影响.方法 采用Roche E170全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪检测258例男性2型糖尿病患者血清的25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽(tPINP)和Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-CTX).根据血清25 (OH)D水平分为维生素D严重缺乏(＜25nmol/L)、缺乏(≥25nmol/L且＜ 50nmol/L)、不足(≥50nmol/L且＜75 nmol/L)和充足(≥75nmol/L).结果 男性2型糖尿病患者总体25(OH)D浓度为33.80±18.43nmol/L,为维生素D缺乏水平.根据年龄将受试者分为中年组(35 ～49岁)、老年前期组(50 ～ 59岁)、老年1组(60～69岁)、老年2组(＞70岁),发现随着年龄的增长,25(0H)D的浓度呈逐渐降低趋势,老年2组的25(OH)D显著低于中年组(P=0.044),而骨标志物在各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).258例男性2型糖尿病患者中维生素D严重缺乏、缺乏、不足、充足的比例分别为36.43％ (94/258)、48.45％(125/258)、11.63％ (30/258)和3.49％ (9/258).维生素D严重缺乏组的β-CTX明显高于其他各营养状况组(均P＜0.05),而tPINP在各营养状况组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).相关分析表明,血清25(OH)D水平与β-CTX呈负相关(r=-0.197,P=0.001),与tPINP无相关性(r=-0.046,P =0.464).结论 男性2型糖尿病患者存在严重维生素D缺乏和不足状况,维生素D严重缺乏对骨吸收可能有影响.     

重型抑郁症患者血清维生素D水平的研究

目的:探讨重型抑郁症患者血清中维生素D水平及与抑郁病情的相关。方法:检测107名重型抑郁症患者(研究组)和121名健康体检者(对照组)的血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]的浓度,应用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估抑郁症患者的抑郁程度。对重型抑郁症患者血清维生素D水平与患者的身高、肥胖指数、HAMD评分、复发次数及疾病持续时间进行相关性分析。结果:重型抑郁症患者血清25(OH)D浓度显著低于对照组(t=10.68,P0.001);重型抑郁症患者维生素D缺乏率和不足率显著高于对照组(χ2=167.5,P0.001);重型抑郁症患者血清25(OH)D水平与HAMD评分、疾病持续时间呈负相关(r=-0.81,-0.77;P=0.007,0.031),与身高、肥胖指数、复发次数不相关。结论:重型抑郁症患者的血清维生素D处于较低水平,为维生素D缺乏的高危人群;重型抑郁症患者维生素D水平与抑郁症状和病程呈负相关;对重型抑郁症患者进行维生素D水平检测和维生素D补充是必要的。     

新发Graves甲亢患者血清25(OH)D水平相关因素研究

目的 探讨新发Graves甲亢患者血清25羟-维生素D[25(OH)D]水平的相关因素.方法 收集2016年5月至10月于核医学科就诊的新发Graves甲亢患者665例,血清检测甲功、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、钙、磷及25(OH)D,SPECT法计算甲状腺质量.根据血清25(OH)D水平分为维生素D(VitD)缺乏组、不足组和充足组,分析患者病程、年龄、FT3、FT4、TSH、TRAb、TGAb、TPOAb、钙、磷、PTH和CT与25(OH)D的关系.结果 新发Graves甲亢患者中维生素D缺乏、不足、充足率分别为47.52％、30.98％、21.50％.三组比较,患者甲状腺质量、TRAb、PTH、CT和25(OH)D差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中缺乏组患者甲状腺质量更大,TRAb及PTH水平更高,25(OH)D及CT水平更低;而病程、年龄、FT3、FT4、TSH、TGAb、TPOAb、钙和磷差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患者25(OH)D分别与TRAb(rs=-0.414)、PTH(r =-0.175)和甲状腺质量(r=-0.094)负相关(P＜0.05),与CT(r=0.115,P=0.003)正相关.多因素Logistic回归分析发现,TRAb(OR=1.124,95％ CI 1.086 ～1.153,P＜0.001)的OR值为1.124且差异有统计学意义.ROC曲线分析发现,TRAb界值＞12.99且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 新发Graves甲亢患者血清25(OH)D水平与TRAb及甲状腺质量呈负相关.     

血清c5ar1、ALP及25(OH)D3的表达规律对股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况的预测价值

目的:探讨血清补体成分 5a 受体 1(Complement component 5a receptor,c5ar1)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)及25羟基维生素D(Vitamin D3 25-hydroxy monohydrate,25(OH)D3)的表达规律对股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况的预测价值.方法:选取 2019 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月本院治疗的股骨颈发生骨折且实施全髋关节置换术的 98 例患者作为研究对象.依据其术后 6 m的影像学方面检查结果评估患者的骨折愈合情况,并将患者分成骨折愈合组(77 例)和未愈合组(21 例).于入院及术后 42 d 分别对两组的血清 c5ar1、ALP、25(OH)D3水平进行测定,采用Pearson相关性分析c5ar1、ALP、25(OH)D3的相关性.采用受试者工作(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清c5ar1、ALP及 25(OH)D3 对股骨颈骨折术后骨折的愈合情况的预测价值.结果:骨折愈合组术后血清c5ar1、ALP及25(OH)D3的表达水平均高于术前(P＜0.05),未愈合组术后血清c5ar1、ALP及25(OH)D3 的表达水平均低于术前(P＜0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,c5ar1与25(OH)D3呈正相关关系(P＜0.05);c5ar1、ALP、25(OH)D3 诊断股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况的敏感度分别为 92.20%、62.30%、76.60%,特异度分别为90.50%、47.60%、52.40%,ROC曲线分析显示,c5ar1、ALP、25(OH)D3 诊断股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.953、0.515、0.765.结论:血清c5ar1、ALP及 25(OH)D3 的表达水平升高可促进股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合,c5ar1 与 25(OH)D3 呈正相关关系,c5ar1、25(OH)D3 诊断股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况具有较高的准确性,而ALP预测股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合情况的准确性较低.     

河南省1～7岁健康儿童血清25(OH)D水平分析

目的 了解河南省1～7岁健康儿童维生素D营养状况,为儿童合理补充维生素D、防治维生素D缺乏提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,选取河南省六个地区的妇幼保健院和社区卫生服务站进行体检的1～7岁健康儿童392名,采用化学发光法检测血清25 (OH)D水平,比较不同年龄段、不同性别儿童维生素D不足与缺乏情况.结果 392名1～7岁健康儿童血清25(OH)D平均水平为42.7±15.8nmol/L,不足与缺乏率达59.4％ (233/392),男女童之间差异无统计学意义(=0.500,P=0.618;x2 =0.051,P=0.822);不同年龄组维生素D平均水平及其不足与缺乏比例差异具有统计学意义(F=12.748,P＜0.001;x2=37.077,P＜0.001);维生素D水平随年龄增长而降低,不足与缺乏比例随年龄增长而升高.结论 河南省1～7岁健康儿童维生素D营养状况较差,且与年龄密切相关,应适当增加儿童日照时间,加强合理补充维生素D的科普宣传.     

类风湿关节炎患者骨密度改变与血清25-羟维生素D3水平的关系分析

目的 分析类风湿关节炎(RA)患者骨密度改变与血清25-羟维生素D3[(25-(OH)D3)]水平的关系.方法 选取2014年5月至2017年5月我院收治的RA患者96例为研究对象,另选取50例同期入院体检的健康志愿者为对照组,对比不同严重程度RA患者与对照组血清25-(OH)D3水平及骨密度(BMD)、骨密度T值,分析25-(OH)D3不同缺乏程度患者BMD、骨密度T值,分析RA患者25-(OH)D3水平与BMD及骨密度T值关系.结果 RA组血清25-(OH)D3水平、BMD、骨密度T值低于对照组(P<0.05);RA分期Ⅳ期患者血清25-(OH)D3水平、BMD、骨密度T值低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期(P<0.05);随25-(OH)D3缺乏程度加重,RA患者BMD、骨密度T值下降(P<0.05);相关分析显示RA患者血清25-(OH)D3水平与BMD、骨密度T值呈正相关(r=0.453、0.324,P均<0.05).结论 RA患者骨密度改变与其血25-(OH)D3水平存在密切关系,随RA病情加重,患者血清25-(OH)D3水平及BMD下降,且25-(OH)D3水平缺乏程度加重,骨密度降低越明显,因此在RA治疗中可补充维生素D而改善预后.     

妊娠期糖尿病母亲的新生儿血清25(OH)D3、胰岛素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 探究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)母亲的新生儿血清25-羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D3]、胰岛素水平变化及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.方法 选取2017年5月至2020年5月本院产科收治的GDM孕妇及其新生儿125例作为研究对象(GDM组),另选取同期在本院分娩的健康孕妇及其足月新生儿121例作为正常对照组.比较两组血清25(OH)D3、胰岛素、血糖、HOMA-IR水平;采用Pearson法分析出生24h时GDM母亲的新生儿血清25(OH)D3与胰岛素水平两者间的相关性及分别与血糖、HOMA-IR的相关性.结果 出生后6、24h及48h时GDM组新生儿血清25(OH)D3、血糖水平均明显低于正常对照组,血清胰岛素、HOMA-IR水平均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05).GDM组新生儿出生后6、24h及48h时血清25(OH)D3、血糖水平依次逐渐显著升高,胰岛素、HOMA-IR水平依次逐渐显著降低(P<0.05).出生24h时GDM组新生儿血清25(OH)D3与胰岛素水平呈负相关(r=-0.504,P<0.001).出生24h时GDM组新生儿血清25(OH)D3与血糖水平呈正相关(r=0.447,P<0.001),与HOMA-IR水平呈负相关(r=-0.609,P<0.001);血清胰岛素与血糖水平呈负相关(r=-0.501,P<0.001),与HOMA-IR水平呈正相关(r=0.549,P<0.001).结论 GDM母亲的新生儿血清25(OH)D3水平明显降低,血清胰岛素水平明显升高,检测两者水平可能对临床监控新生儿健康状况有一定价值.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的血清25-羟基维生素D和血脂水平变化及其相关性

目的:回顾性分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)患者血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)VitD]和血脂水平变化及其相关性。方法:2017-03—2018-03武汉大学中南医院收治的129例T2DM合并CHD患者,按其血清25(OH)VitD水平分为25(OH)VitD缺乏组(A组,n=93)和25(OH)VitD正常组(B组,n=36)。比较分析两组25(OH)VitD、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)水平差异以及25(OH)VitD与上述指标的相关性。结果:A组25(OH)VitD显著低于B组(P0.01),TC、LDL-C水平明显高于B组(均P0.05),TG、HDL-C、FBG水平两组无显著差异(均P0.05)。T2DM合并CHD患者血清25(OH)VitD与TC、LDL-C水平呈显著负相关(P0.05),25(OH)VitD与TG、HDL-C和FBG无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:T2DM合并CHD患者VitD缺乏,胆固醇代谢不良。     

血清25-羟维生素D3、IL-33与支气管哮喘病情程度及肺功能的相关性研究

目的研究血清25-(OH)D3、IL-33与支气管哮喘病情程度及肺功能的相关性。方法选取64例支气管哮喘患者作为研究对象(哮喘组),同期选取70例健康体检者作为健康组。比较健康组与哮喘组25-(OH)D3及IL-33水平,分析25-(OH)D3、IL-33与哮喘患者肺功能指标的相关性。结果哮喘组25-(OH)D3水平显著低于健康组,IL-33水平显著高于健康组(P0.05);在哮喘组中,轻度患者25-(OH)D3、FVC、FEV1、FEV1%pre及PEF水平均明显高于中度和重度患者,IL-33水平明显低于中度和重度患者(P0.05);25-(OH)D3与肺功能指标呈正相关,IL-33与肺功能指标呈负相关(P0.05)。结论支气管哮喘患者的血清25-(OH)D3与肺功能指标呈正相关,IL-33与肺功能指标呈负相关,通过检测患者血清25-(OH)D3及IL-33水平可有效评估其肺功能指标及病情程度。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.