超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取高良姜素的应用进展

目的:高良姜是一种传统中药,其含有的高良姜素是其主要作用组分,本文旨在研究超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取高良姜素的优点以及应用进展.方法:本文首先介绍了高良姜素结构、作用以及一般提取方法,着重讲述了采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术萃取高良姜中的有效成分高良姜素的原理、工艺、意义以及与传统中药提取法相比的优缺点,并分析了当今超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取高良姜素的发展状况.结果:通过比较,可以看出超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取高良姜素具有环保、工艺流程简单、生产效率高等优点.结论:认为采用超临界流体萃取技术提取高良姜素大有可为.     

高良姜素提取工艺改进研究

目的优化从中药高良姜中提取高良姜素工艺研究.方法采用乙醇提取,石油醚脱脂,氯仿萃取,上聚酰胺柱得到高良姜素.采用紫外、红外方法进行检测.结果运用聚酰胺柱层析一次分离,获得有效成分高良姜素.结论本研究优化了高良姜提取工艺.     

高良姜炮制的历史沿革及现代化学与药理研究进展

高良姜是一味著名南药,也是常见的药食同源药材,临床应用广泛。该文通过查阅有关高良姜炮制的历代医家典籍、国家及地方炮制标准与现代研究文献,对高良姜的炮制历史沿革,现代炮制研究,炮制前后变化以及化学成分、药理作用等进行整理,总结高良姜相关炮制研究,分析其发展方向,为高良姜的临床合理用药及进一步的研究提供参考。     

高良姜与类似品大良姜的形态组织鉴别

本文对中药高良姜Alpinia officinarum Hance和混淆品大高良姜A.galanga Willd.作了形态组织鉴别研究,提出了鉴别特征,补充和完善高良姜和大高良姜的鉴别标准,纠正了一些文献记载的不当之处,首次提供了高良姜与大高良姜的组织解离特征。     

高良姜活性部位的镇痛研究

[摘要] 目的 研究高良姜活性部位镇痛活性。方法 采用热板法、甩尾法、扭体法对以高良姜素、芹菜素组成的高良姜活性部位进行镇痛活性研究。结果 热板法试验中高良姜活性部位大、中剂量,甩尾法试验中、小剂量组,扭体法试验小剂量组以下与空白对照能明显提高小白鼠痛阈。结论 高良姜活性部位具有明显的镇痛作用。     

高良姜与混淆品的鉴别研究

通过对高良姜及其与 4种混淆品益智、距花山姜、草豆蔻、大高良姜的鉴别研究 ,得出高良姜的基原、性状及鉴别的专属性特征 ,从而可为高良姜的质量标准提供基原、性状和鉴别部分。研究得出高良姜的专属性特征为 :叶舌长达 3cm ;外皮有浅波状环节 ,纤维性少 ,油性强 ;束鞘纤维少 ,分泌细胞多 ,淀粉粒多形 ,尤以米粒形、酒瓶形为特殊 ,纤维纹孔连珠状 ;挥发油显色反应玫红 ,黄酮类有碧绿色荧光     

南药高良姜药用植物资源调查研究

目的对我国南药高良姜主产区及道地产区的高良姜资源进行调查,明确高良姜资源分布、蕴藏量、栽培现状以及综合开发利用概况,为高良姜资源保护、开发及利用奠定基础。方法采用查阅文献、走访调查和现地调查相结合的方法进行。结果高良姜野生资源处在濒于灭绝状态,以前文献记载有高良姜分布的区域几乎难觅高良姜的踪影。在道地产区,人工栽培、加工技术较为粗放,且因栽培高良姜周期长、收益较低,高良姜栽培面积呈逐年下降趋势,部分地区已经出现供需矛盾。结论应加大力度保护高良姜资源的生态环境,促进其种群恢复。同时,应该尽快建立高良姜规范化种植基地,完善高良姜人工栽培、加工技术,满足市场对高良姜药材的需求。     

高良姜总黄酮抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的观察高良姜总黄酮的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用角叉菜胶大鼠足肿胀模型、二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀模型、毛细血管通透性实验研究高良姜总黄酮的抗炎作用;采用小鼠热板法和扭体法观察高良姜总黄酮的镇痛作用。结果高良姜总黄酮对大鼠角叉菜胶所致足趾肿胀、二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀以及乙酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高等急性炎症模型均有明显抑制作用。高良姜总黄酮对乙酸、热刺激所诱发的小鼠疼痛均有抑制作用。结论高良姜总黄酮具有一定的抗炎镇痛作用。     

高良姜与类似品大良姜的形态组织鉴别

本文对中药高良姜Alpinia officinarum Hance和混淆品大高良姜A．galanga Willd，作了形态组织鉴别研究，提出了鉴别特征．补充和完善高良姜和大高良姜的鉴别标准，纠正了一些文献记载的不当之处，首次提供了高良姜与大高良姜的组织解离特征．     

大高良姜的药理学及植物化学研究综述

传统医学使用大量具有医用及药用价值的植物治疗疾病,因此是生物活性物质的一个宝库。姜科植物大高良姜通常被用作调经剂、催欲剂、堕胎药、驱风剂、退热剂和抗炎药等,可用于治疗支气管炎、心脏疾病、慢性肠炎、肾结石、糖尿病、风湿病及肾脏疾病。大高良姜含有精油、鞣酸、苯酚、苷类、单萜及糖类等。过去几年,有报道大高良姜各部位提取物中还含有没食子酸、生姜异黄酮、β-谷甾醇、高良姜素、良姜素、花姜酮、山萘素等。本文总结了近年来有关大高良姜的研究中新的植物化学成分及药理学的研究内容。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.