中医医疗机构实施DRGs付费制初探

目前,国内主要采用按医疗服务项目付费的模式,其最大弊端在于容易促使医疗机构提供过度医疗服务,诱导和刺激医疗消费,导敛医疗费用过快增长.国外的经验表明,实行按诊断分类预定额付费制(DRGs-PPS)可以有效地控制医疗费用的不合理上涨,同时提高医院医疗服务的效率和质量.本义在分析巾医医疗机构实施DRGs付费制的可行性和面临的关键技术难题的基础上,提出在中医医疗机构实施DRGs付费制的有关技术设想,认为从长远考虑,我国中医医疗机构引进、吸收并加以实施这一制度是基本可行的,也是完全有必要的.     

基于医保支付标准的DRGs付费考核评价体系研究

目的 以定点医疗机构实施按疾病诊断相关分组（diagnosis related groups,DRGs）付费后建立考核评价管理体系为研究内容,系统分析建立科学客观、合理、有效的绩效评价体系的必要性、建立原则及方法。方法 以天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2022年1月至5月DRGs实际付费结算数据为研究对象,结合医院DRGs实施后考核评价体系的建立和实际结算结果进行实证研究。结果 建立基于DRGs结算结果的院内考核评价体系,对各主诊医生收治纳入DRGs结算的病历进行评价,根据费用超标情况进行排序,其中费用超标前10位的医生和未超标前10位的医生分别纳入DRGs费用评价。同时根据自费比例、药品耗材比例、新技术应用等情况对考核评价指标进行调整。结论 在全面推进DRGs付费改革过程中,定点医疗机构建立一套完整有效的绩效考核评价管理体系,有助于提高医务人员对医保付费方式改革的认知度,保证有限的医保资金在医院的合理使用,进而提高医院医保管理的公平性和科学性,为医院可持续高质量运营发展提供战略依据。     

DRGs评价系统在医疗机构的应用探讨

"疾病诊断相关组"(DRGs)是一种在发达国家广泛应用于医疗评价和医保支付的病例分类体系。本文从医疗产出能力、效率、安全水平三个维度探讨DRGs系统在评价医疗机构服务质量及效率方面的实践应用,并对在实践中发现的病案管理专业人员数量不足,医院信息化程度无法满足DRGs要求、现有的医疗价格系统对建立DRGs付费模式的影响、多种支付方式并存导致的矛盾等问题提出了建议。     

按病种付费的现状及思考

就医改这个社会热点问题,政府、医保、医疗机构等部门通过各种形式的尝试;分析目前试行较多的"按病种付费(DRGs)"模式在我国公立医院点片状展开的现状及存在条件不成熟的问题;思考按病种付费标准的制定和实施不是单个单位和部门的工作,而是依靠政府(财政、物价、公安、协调等部门)社保机构、医疗机构等多部门共同合作完成的工程.     

疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)付费模式的研究进展

分析疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)付费模式产生背景、发展历程及DRGs对世界医疗卫生和医疗保险体系的作用,探讨疾病诊断相关分组(DRGs)付费模式在我国医疗卫生和医疗保险中的现状、面临问题和发展趋势。     

国际疾病分类与医疗保险病种付费的关系

目的探讨国际疾病分类与医疗保险病种付费的关系。方法通过探讨单病种付费、DRGs付费方式,以及国际疾病分类和手术分类在该两种付费方式中的作用,分析国际疾病分类与医保病种付费的关系。结果国际疾病分类在医疗保险按病种付费中起着重要作用,是单病种付费、DRGs付费的基础和依据,编码的准确与否影响着实际付费的多少,疾病分类人员的作用越来越重要。结论疾病分类人员应遵守疾病分类规则,加强编码知识的学习和不断提高编码技能,从而提高编码准确性,为医院争取合理的医保偿付。     

从肝癌手术患者住院费用的构成分析探讨医保DRGs新付费模式的推行

目的 探讨目前医保按项目付费模式下肝癌手术患者住院费用的构成,为医保DRGs 新付费模式的精准推行提供参考依据。方法 收集2016 年1 月至2019 年12 月陕西省某三甲医院312 例肝癌手术患者的出院病历资料,选择有差异的单因素（包含患者的性别、年龄、手术方式、术前合并症、术后近期并发症、医保类型）作为自变量,住院天数的对数值作为因变量,采用Maximum likelihood 法作出参数评估,推导出各变量间的路径系数。依据其效应分解值的大小评估各因素对住院费用的影响程度。结果 影响住院费用的最主要因素是住院天数,路径系数为0.55。其他因素依次为手术方式、术后近期并发症、术前合并症、年龄、医保类型。结论 大型公立医院应对基于DRGs 的支付方式改革的发展策略：强化医院内部管理,加快病床周转,减少平均住院日,降低诊疗成本（包括高值耗材的合理应用）,推行精细化DRGs 付费模式,可在充分保障医疗质量的前提下合理控制肝癌手术患者的诊疗费用,同时减轻患者的经济负担。     

北京DRGs是与非

一向以谨慎和稳妥著称的北京医改,此次在医保领域,却少见地领全国之先。 7月26日,北京市医保中心与北京大学第三医院、北京大学人民医院、友谊医院、朝阳医院、宣武医院、天坛医院6家医院签订了《北京市医疗保险按病种分组（DRGs）付费试点医疗机构服务协议书》。按照协议,从8月1日开始,北京地区的参保患者在上述医院接受住院治疗时,将正式以DRGs付费方式来结算医疗费用。     

疾病诊断相关组数据分析在医院绩效评估中的应用

背景 疾病诊断相关组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)作为一种新的医疗支付方式,不仅综合考虑了疾病复杂性及严重度,还考虑了医疗需要及资源使用强度.目的 探讨DRGs数据分析在医院绩效评估中的应用效果.方法 导入北京市某三甲综合医院(以下简称某院)2015年(模拟DRGs付费第1年)出院的医保...     

北京市某医院实施按病种分组付费(DRGs)标准化管理初探简

北京市按病种分组付费（DRGs）试点至今已近两年,各家医院运行平稳,DRGs在控制费用、规范医疗行为、减轻患者负担、提高医院效率方面的作用已有所显现。北京市某医院在试点的基础上积极探索DRGs标准化管理,运用DRGs质量工具提高医疗机构水平,从组织结构及制度化、流程管理、疾病诊疗及诊断填写、临床质量管理考核4个方面进行标准化建设,并提出相关建议。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.