中青年女性冠心病临床特点分析

目的了解中青年女性冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床和冠状动脉造影影像学特征及危险因素。方法入选2006年6月至2011年6月在马鞍山市中心医院心内科接受冠状动脉造影的住院中青年女性患者253例(年龄≤55岁)和同龄男性冠心病患者222例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分成女性冠心病组(n=96)、女性非冠心病组(n=157)和男性冠心病组(n=222),分析不同性别冠心病组冠状动脉病变的数量和部位;采用多因素Logistic回归分析中青年女性冠心病患者的影响因素。结果中青年女性冠心病组与非冠心病组相比,吸烟史、血压[(147.3±14.6/79.9±13.5)vs.(127.9±4.7/71.1±13.1)mm Hg]、空腹血糖[(6.32±1.26)vs.(5.56±1.19)mmol/L]、总胆固醇[(4.99±0.96)vs.(4.44±0.78)mmol/L]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)[(2.96±0.71)vs.(2.48±0.69)mmol/L]高(均p0.01)。与男性冠心病组相比,女性冠心病组糖尿病史比例较高(16.7%vs.4.5%,p0.05),冠状动脉病变以单支病变多见(58%vs.41%,p0.01);吸烟史比例、三支病变的发生率低(分别3.1%vs.14.9%,17%vs.36%,均p0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:糖尿病、高血压及吸烟史是女性冠心病的主要危险因素,OR值分别为4.286、3.267、2.500(均p0.05)。结论中青年女性冠心病患者,糖尿病是最重要的危险因素,其冠脉病变多为单支病变。     

心肌桥近端并发冠心病的患者临床及影像学特点

目的:回顾性分析心肌桥(MB)近端并发严重狭窄的冠心病患者临床和冠状动脉造影的影像学资料,与单纯MB患者作对照比较,探讨MB并发冠心病患者的临床易患因素和影像学特点。方法:病例组选择MB近端冠状动脉粥样硬化并发狭窄(≥70%)患者92例,均为冠脉血管前降支(LAD)病变,对照组选择同期入院有临床症状的单纯前降支MB患者100例,比较两组之间的临床特征和影像学特点。结果:两组患者临床特征比较,病例组与对照组年龄[(58±11)岁vs.(52±10)岁]、收缩压[(158±10)mm Hg vs.(146±10)mm Hg)]和高脂血症比例(36%vs.15%)均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。实验室及辅助检查显示病例组与对照组血浆总胆固醇水平[(5.9±1.8)mmol/L vs.(4.7±1.2)mmol/L]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平[(4.3±1.4)mmol/L vs.(3.0±1.1)mmol/L]均有显著差异。冠状动脉注入硝酸甘油后病例组MB收缩期压缩程度[(74±10)%vs.(67±9)%]高于对照组,而两组间平均MB血管长度[(27±12)mm vs.(26±10)mm]、MB血管直径[(3.1±1.1)mm vs.(3.2±0.9)mm]和MB近端距离前降支口部距离[(51±10)mm vs.(48±11)mm]没有显著差异。结论:MB近端并发严重冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的患者具有更多的冠心病易患因素。     

女性冠状动脉性心脏病危险因素分析

目的 探讨女性冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)患者的危险因素,同时了解这些危险因素与冠状动脉血管病变支数的相关关系.方法 分析了景德镇市第一人民医院2005年9月～2008年1月接受冠状动脉造影共139例女性住院患者的临床资料,根据冠状动脉造影结果 分成两组:冠心病组(n=49)及对照组(n=90).分别收集下列参数:吸烟、月经状况、原发性高血压病、糖尿病的人数比例,血清三酰甘油、尿酸、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及脂蛋白a浓度,进行比较分析,并和血管病变支数进行logistic多元回归分析.结果 三酰甘油和脂蛋白A在冠心病组高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白浓度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(2.4±2.4)mmol/L vs.(1.7±0.7)mmol/L,P<0.05;(3438.0±4393.0)αmg/Lvs.(1436.0±1287.0)αmg/L,P<0.05; (1.1±0.31)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.9)mmol/L,P<0.05].logistic多元回归分析显示,空腹血糖与冠状动脉的病变血管支数相关(β=1.579,P=0.015).结论 原发性高血压、糖尿病、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白A是本组女性冠心病患者的危险因素,且糖尿病是惟一与女性冠状动脉病变支数相关的危险因子.     

早发冠心病患者的临床特征和冠脉病变特点的性别差异分析

目的 探讨早发冠心病患者的危险因素、临床症状和冠状动脉病变特点的性别差异。方法 连续入选我科2009年5月~2014年10月经冠脉造影确诊的198例早发冠心病患者，分为男性组（年龄<55岁,n=135）和女性组（年龄<65岁,n=63）。观察两组在冠心病危险因素、临床症状和冠脉造影特点等方面的差异，探讨早发冠心病患者的性别特征。结果 男性组吸烟(83% vs. 5%，P<0.01)、肥胖(28% vs. 16%,P<0.05)和饮酒的比例(39% vs. 2%,P<0.01)显著高于女性组，而女性组高血压病患者的比例高于男性组(70% vs. 51%,P<0.05)；两组糖尿病、血脂异常患者的比例之间差别无统计学意义。男性组血清三酰甘油水平较女性组高〔(2.0±1.4) mmol/L vs.(1.6±0.9) mmol/L,P<0.05〕，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇〔(1.03±0.23) mmol/L vs.(1.18±0.27) mmol/L,P<0.01〕和载脂蛋白A水平〔(1.11±0.19) g/L vs.(1.20±0.23) g/L,P<0.01〕和载脂蛋白A/B比值〔(1.4±0.5) vs.(1.6±0.5),P<0.01〕则均较女性组低。男性组危险因素聚集较女性组明显〔(1.9±1.0) vs.( 1.1±0.8)，P<0.01〕；职业分布中，工人在两组所占比例均较高(50% vs. 40%),但男女组间无显著差异。与男性组比较，女性下岗或无业比例较更高(12% vs. 30%,P<0.01)；两组无胸痛比例(35% vs. 46 %)无显著差异，同时，男性患者出汗较为常见(44% vs. 29%,P<0.05)，而女性组心悸现象则较多见(7% vs. 22%,P<0.01)。两组冠状动脉造影结果显示均以单支病变为主(49% vs. 60%)，病变血管均以前降支最为多见(68% vs. 54%)。两组冠状动脉造影结果比较，病变血管数、罪犯血管分布和累及植入支架比例之间差别均无统计学意义。结论 早发冠心病患者临床特征存在性别差异，但冠状动脉病变分布特征二者之间无显著差别。     

青年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点及相关危险因素分析

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的临床特点在青年与老年患者间的差异。方法回顾性分析48例青年冠心病患者与156例老年冠心病患者的临床资料,着重分析比较两组的危险因素及冠状动脉造影结果。结果青年组冠心病患者女性比例占6.25%(3/48),明显低于老年组的33.33%(52/156),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。青年组体质量指数明显高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(27.03±2.73)kg/m2vs.(25.16±3.05)kg/m2,P0.01]。青年组大量吸烟的比例也远高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[75.00%(36/48)vs.36.54%(57/156),P0.01]。老年组合并原发性高血压、糖尿病的发生率高于青年组,差异有统计学意义[51.28%(80/156)vs.16.67%(8/48),P0.01;30.77%(48/156)vs.6.25%(3/48),P0.01]。青年组血浆总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及三酰甘油浓度与老年组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。青年组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度低于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(0.85±1.80)mmol/Lvs.(1.08±0.23)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组血浆尿酸浓度高于老年组,差异有统计学意义[(349.10±67.02)mmol/lvs.(323.77±73.82)mmol/L,P0.01]。青年组冠状动脉病变以单支病变为主,且左前降支病变发生率最高。结论男性、肥胖、大量吸烟为青年冠心病主要发病危险因素,低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和高尿酸浓度也可能为青年冠心病的危险因素;青年冠状动脉病变轻,以单支病变为主。     

女性慢性完全闭塞病变患者的临床和影像学特点

目的:通过同期男女冠心病慢性完全闭塞（CTO）患者的比较分析女性CTO病变的临床和影像学特点。方法:1989年6月~2005年12月诊断冠心病的患者,入院后行常规实验室生化检查及X线胸片、心脏超声等临床辅助检查,并行冠状动脉造影及左室造影检查。入选有1支或1支以上CTO病变的患者进入本研究,按性别分为女性组（n=334）和男性组(n=1 382)。结果:与男性组比较,在临床资料方面,女性组年龄大［(64±8)岁 vs.(60±11)岁,P<0.01］,高血压病比例高(65.6% vs. 53.3%,P<0.01),而女性组体质量低［(65±10)kg vs.(75±10)kg,P<0.01)、吸烟比例低(11.1% vs.46.7%,P<0.01)、饮酒比例低(2.4% vs. 26.6%,P<0.01)、心肌梗死比例低(38.0% vs. 52.7%,P<0.01),在心绞痛、心律失常、心力衰竭、糖尿病 、脑血管病的比例均无统计学差异。实验室检查资料方面,女性组三酰甘油（TG）高［(2.3±2.0)mmol/L vs.(2.0±1.5)mmol/L,P<0.01)、总胆固醇（TC）高［(5.4±1.3)mmol/L vs.(5.0±2.4)mmol/L,P<0.01］、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）高［(1.4±0.5)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.4)mmol/L,P<0.01 ］、空腹血糖（FPG）高［(6.1±1.7)mmol/L vs.(5.9±1.7)mmol/L,P<0.05］和纤维蛋白原（Fib）水平高［(4.1±1.3)g/L vs.(3.9±1.4)g/L,P<0.05 ］,而尿素氮低（BUN）［(5.6±2.4)mmol/L vs.(5.9±2.0)mmol/L,P<0.05］、血清肌酐（Cr）低［(81±31)μmol/L vs.(95±33)μmol/L,P<0.01］。心脏超声左室内径小［ (48±6)mm vs.(51±6)mm,P<0.01］,左室射血分数（LVEF）偏高［(0.64±0.10) vs.(0.63±0.11),P<0.05］。冠状动脉造影资料比较显示,两组在冠状动脉优势型、单支血管病变、多支血管病变、CTO血管分布、侧支循环0级、Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比例及造影并发症发生中均无统计学差异。结论:女性CTO患者中代谢指标异常较为突出,且年龄较高,但女性CTO患者病变复杂程度与男性并无显著差异。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者临床价值的研究

目的研究经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)慢性心力衰竭患者治疗的临床价值。方法入选2013年7月至2014年3月北京军区总医院心血管病研究所住院的资料完整心力衰竭患者66例,其中男性51例,女性15例。按照血运重建方式分为PCI组(n=35)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)组(31例)。比较两组术前及术后6个月的左室射血分数(LVEF)及NYHA心功能分级、6分钟步行试验距离,比较治疗效果。结果两组前降支近端病变、2支血管病变以及3支血管病变比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。与术前相比,PCI组术后左室射血分数[(39.8±5.2)%vs.(53.9±6.0)%]、NYHA心功能分级[(3.1±0.7)vs.(1.2±0.4)]均改善,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);6分钟步行试验距离增加[(222.5±126.9)m vs.(514.2±71.1)m],差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。CABG组术后较术前左室射血分数[(39.45±5.3)%vs.(54.4±5.6)%]升高,NYHA心功能分级[(3.2±0.7)vs.(1.3±0.6)]改善,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),6分钟步行试验距离增加[(215.4±125.3)m vs.(511.2±78.1)m],差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PCI提高了冠心病慢性心衰患者的心功能,与CABG疗效相当,对改善患者预后有积极的意义。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点

目的探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉的病变特点。方法临床诊断冠心病患者602例,其中老年女性207例(老年女性组),经冠状动脉造影确诊123例,中青年女性129例(中青年女性组),老年男性266例(老年男性组)。对比分析老年女性组与中青年女性组患者冠状动脉造影阳性率,老年女性组与老年男性组患者冠状动脉病变的不同特点。结果老年女性组不稳定性心绞痛和急性心肌梗死冠状动脉造影阳性率显著高于中青年女性组(77.3%vs57.7%,95.8%vs66.7%,P<0.01),两组患者稳定性心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死无统计学差异((78.2%vs76.5%,95.0%vs100.0%,P>0.05)。冠状动脉造影阳性的老年女性组与老年男性组患者不同临床类型的冠状动脉病变血管支数无统计学差异(P>0.05),老年女性组稳定性心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死冠状动脉Gensini积分均显著高于老年男性组[(54±7)分vs(46±5)分,(78±9)分vs(68±4)分,P<0.05],两组患者冠状动脉病变分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论老年女性患者冠状动脉病变阳性率高于中青年女性,部分老年女性患者冠状动脉病变程度较老年男性患者重。     

瑞舒伐他汀对冠状动脉慢血流患者冠状动脉贮备功能和超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨长期瑞舒伐他汀治疗对冠状动脉慢血流患者冠脉贮备功能(CFR)和超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响。方法:选择冠状动脉造影正常但存在冠脉慢血流的患者48例,所有患者随机分为试药组和对照组,对照组(22例)予常规治疗,试药组(26例)在常规治疗基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/d,治疗期为6个月。治疗前后测定两组患者的血脂,hsCRP,利用腺苷负荷超声记录左前降支远端血流频谱评评价CFR。结果:经过6个月瑞舒伐他汀的治疗后,试药组总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)较对照组明显下降,[TC:(3.2±0.9)mmol/Lvs.(5.4±1.2)mmol/L,P<0.05;LDL-C:(2.1±0.7)mmol/L vs.(3.4±0.8)mmol/L,P<0.05]。hsCRP较对照组明显下降[(2.1±1.4)mg/L vs.(3.7±2.1)mg/L,P<0.05]。试药组静息冠脉血流速度(bCFV)较对照组和治疗前显著下降[(21±6)cm/s vs.(26±5)cm/s和(21±6)cm/s vs.(25±7)cm/s,P<0.05],而最大冠状动脉扩张状态hCFV较对照组和治疗前增加[(71±9)cm/s vs.(56±8)cm/s和(71±9)cm/s vs.(56±10)cm/s,P<0.05],冠状动脉血流储备CFR较对照组和治疗前明显增加[(3.2±0.6)cm/s vs.(2.1±0.5)cm/s和(3.2±0.6)cm/s vs.(2.2±0.4)cm/s,P<0.05)]。结论:冠状动脉慢血流患者经过瑞舒伐他汀治疗可以有效改善冠脉贮备功能。     

家庭随访指导康复训练对冠状动脉支架置入术后患者的影响

目的评价家庭随访指导康复训练对冠状动脉支架置入患者术后的影响。方法选取2012年6月~2014年12月吉林大学第一医院心血管内科行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者102例,其中男性72例。随机分为常规组和随访组各51例。随访组通过随访接受指导的康复训练运动,服药以及生活方式的健康宣教,常规组仅接受出院指导。出院时、出院1年后检测三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)的变化情况;记录患者出院1年后的吸烟、饮酒、低盐饮食、低脂饮食的比例和心脏事件发生情况。结果出院1年后,与常规组比较,随访组TC、血压下降,HDL-C升高,[(5.26±1.12)mmol/L vs.(4.30±0.94)mmol/L]、[(137.6±11.6)mm Hg vs.(129.8±10.3)mm Hg]、[(84.2±9.3)mm Hg vs.(75.9±10.0)mm Hg]、[(1.20±0.19)mmol/L vs.(1.37±0.15)mmol/L],差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。出院1年后,与常规组比较,随访组的吸烟比例(23.53%vs.3.92%)、饮酒比例(31.37%vs.7.84%)均降低,低脂饮食比例(92.16%vs.74.51%)、低盐饮食比例(94.12%vs.70.59%)升高,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。随访组患者出院1年内心脏事件发生率显著低于常规组(9.80%vs.25.49%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论家庭随访指导康复训练对冠状动脉支架置入患者术后的生活习惯、血脂、血压改善具有积极意义,并且降低术后心脏事件的发生率。     

Coronary aneurysms: A case report and review

This case report describes a large coronary aneurysm and poses questions regarding management. The discussion that follows addresses what is known about the natural history of and options for management of coronary aneurysms.     

Right coronary arteriography: experience with standard-torque and limited-torque techniques in children and young adults.

Coronary spasm and intimal injury may occur during selective right coronary arteriography. The safety and efficacy of right coronary arteriography in children and young adults were retrospectively reviewed for this report. Right coronary arteriography was performed in 200 patients. A standard-torque technique was used in 150 patients, a limited-torque technique was used with a reshaped left coronary catheter in 53 patients. The standard-torque technique was associated with proximal coronary spasm in nine patients, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in one patient, and ST segment changes in one patient. The limited-torque technique was associated with no complications. The standard-torque technique was effective in one patient when the limited-torque technique failed to define distal coronary branches clearly. The limited-torque technique was effective in nine patients when the right coronary artery could not be engaged while attempting the standard-torque technique. In conclusion, right coronary arteriography may be performed in a safe and potentially more effective manner using a new catheter design and a limited-torque technique.     

Terminology and anatomy of angulated coronary arteriography

Angulated views in coronary arteriography have been increasingly utilized because of their superiority in demonstrating lesions not well seen in standard right and left oblique projections. The importance of these angulated views has been repeatedly demonstrated. It is the purpose of this article to review some basic coronary anatomy angulation terminology, and then to describe the particular advantages of the angulated views in coronary arteriography. Illustrations of these particular views of both coronary systems will be provided.     

Radiographically detectable calcium and atherosclerosis: the connection and its exploitation

The early detection of coronary atherosclerosis may be impossible if we continue to depend on its pathophysiologic effects (ischemia) for our screening tests. Insoluble crystalline calcium phosphate, which is ubiquitous in our inorganic and biologic worlds, precipitates relatively early in atherosclerotic lesions. Since coronary calcification is specific for atherosclerosis and since calcium is a strong radiation absorber in the X-ray frequency range, sensitive radiographic techniques such as dual-energy subtraction fluoroscopy and ultrafast computed tomography hold promise as screening tests for this disease.     

Concept of the homemade coronary stent: Experimental results and initial clinical experience

To defray the escalating cost of coronary stenting, we handmade a balloon expandable coil stent with stainless steel wire. Preliminary comparison with the Palmaz-Schatz stent showed that, when implanted in porcine illac arteries, there was no difference in immediate angiographic results or in the degree of foreign body reaction at 6 wk. Subsequently, a total of 73 stents were implanted in 52 patients, either as a bailout device (54%) or for suboptimal angiographic results (46%). All but two implantations were successful. The postprocedural regimen consisted of heparin 1,000 IU/hr, aspirin 250 mg daily, and ticlopidine 500 mg daily. In-hospital complications were limited to two groin hematomas, one necessitating blood transfusion. Importantly, stent thrombosis was not observed. While 6-mo follow-up is pending, we already conclude that a balloon expandable coil stent can be handmade easily at low cost and implanted safely in patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Coronary artery quantitation and data management system for paired cineangiograms

A computerized system designed to optimize the quantitation of coronary vessels on 35 mm cineangiograms is described and validated. Because the system has two cine film digitizers, it processes paired coronary arteriograms for the evaluation of serial changes in coronary arteries. A database system was specifically designed for the storage of coronary artery quantitation data which resides on a file server in a local area network and may be accessed by multiple workstations. In radiographic phantom studies of nine contrast-filled lucite cylinders of known size, the overall accuracy and precision for the measured diameters were 0.069 mm and 0.066 mm respectively. Measurements of minimum diameter and percent diameter stenosis of 21 coronary lesions selected from 17 routine cineangiograms showed high degree of intraobserver and interobserver reproduclbllity.     

Coronary anomalies: Incidence and importance

Most patients with coronary anomalies are asymptomatic. The knowledge of those variations could be important in regard to invasive catheter treatment or bypass surgery. In a retrospective study, the angiographic findings based on 4, 016 patients (1985-1989) were analyzed concerning coronary anomalies and malformations. Of the patients studied, 39 (0.97%) had coronary anomalies, and in 26 of these patients it was an anomalous circumflex branch. In 14 cases, the circumflex branch arose from a separate origin in the left aortic sinus. In 11 patients the origin was from the proximal segment of the right coronary artery. A singular coronary artery was found in five patients, originating from the right aortic sinus in two patients and from the left aortic sinus in three patients. An origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, a coronary fistula, or an origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the RCA could be found in only one patient. Unexpected findings during invasive procedures would suggest a possibly existing coronary anomaly, especially when main branches cannot be opacified by selective contrast medium injection.     

Long stenting in native coronary arteries: Relation between vessel size and outcome

Procedural and 6-mo clinical outcomes were evaluated in 34 consecutive patients who had stenting (<40 mm) of a long segment of coronary artery. Procedural success was achieved in 32 (96%) patients. Before stenting, 32 (96%) patients had Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class 3 or 4 angina compared to 7 (21%) at 6-mo follow-up (^P<0.001). Eleven patients (32%) suffered either acute/subacute stent thrombosis (n=4) or restenosis (n=7). On logistic regression distal reference diameter <2.5 mm (odds ratio 26, ^P<0.01) and previous cardiac intervention (odds ratio 9.0, ^P<0.01) were independent predictors of a major adverse event during follow-up. There was no significant association between outcome and indication for stenting, type of stent, or use of ticlopidine and aspirin. These results indicate that distal vessel diameter <2.5 mm is a powerful predictor of subacute thrombosis or restenosis after long coronary artery stenting. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:170-174, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.