白细胞介素-12和白细胞介素-18质粒对HBcAgDNA疫苗诱导小鼠(H-2d)体液免疫应答的影响

目的：观察编码白细胞介素（IL）－12和IL－18的真核表达载体[pcDNA3.1/IL-12(以下简称IL－12质粒）和pcDNA3.1/IL-18(以下简称IL－18质粒）]对HBcAg DNA疫苗（pJW4303/HBc)诱导BalB/c(H-2^d)小鼠免疫应答的影响。方法：肌肉注射接种IL－12质粒、IL－18质粒和HBcAg DNA疫苗，ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗HBc IgG亚类（IgGl,IgG2a)水平。结果：免疫6周后，联合注射IL－12、IL－18和IL－12＋IL－18组小鼠血清的抗HBc终点滴度均明显高于单纯注射HBcAg DNA疫苗组小鼠（P＜0．05），抗HBc IgG亚类以IgG2a占优。结论：IL－12、IL－18以及IL－12＋IL－18联合HBcAg DNA疫苗注射能够提高小鼠血清中抗HBc水平。     

严重发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒核蛋白核酸疫苗的构建及免疫原性研究

目的:构建SFTSV的核蛋白核酸疫苗并探讨其免疫原性?方法:采用PCR方法扩增SFTSV核蛋白基因,并用引物引入限制性内切酶酶切位点,克隆入载体pJW4303?经酶切和测序鉴定正确的质粒,用PEI瞬时转染HEK293T细胞,用免疫印迹法鉴定核蛋白的表达?同时以质粒pJW4303作为阴性对照,免疫BALB/c小鼠,酶联免疫法验证其免疫原性?结果:成功构建质粒pJW4303-N,经Western blot证实SFTSV核蛋白能够在HEK293T细胞中表达?ELISA检测免疫后小鼠血清特异性IgG抗体及其亚型发现,IgG抗体及其亚型较免疫前明显升高,亚型中以IgG2a升高为主?结论:SFTSV核蛋白核酸疫苗pJW4303-N具有良好的免疫原性,为进一步研究SFTSV核蛋白奠定了基础?     

呼吸道合胞病毒SH蛋白免疫原性初步研究

目的研究SH蛋白表达质粒pJW4303/SH/His在小鼠体内的免疫原性,为呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗研制提供基础。方法纯化质粒pJW4303/SH/His体外转染293T细胞,Western blot法检测蛋白表达;同时免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测体内抗SH蛋白抗体;通过体外法研究小鼠免疫血清对RSV感染的影响。结果所构建质粒pJW4303/SH/His在体外能够正常表达,免疫机体后刺激血清产生相应抗体,该免疫血清对RSV的体外感染有一定抑制作用。结论核酸质粒pJW4303/SH/His通过免疫小鼠,表现出较强的免疫原性,所产生的针对SH蛋白的抗体能够影响RSV对293T细胞的感染。     

HBV adr亚型基因疫苗诱导小鼠产生特异性体液和细胞免疫应答

目的：构建乙型肝炎病毒（HBV)adr亚型基因疫苗pCMV-S2.S(PS），观察其诱导小鼠所产生的特异性体液和细胞免疫应答。方法：将PS注射于C57BL／6小鼠胫骨前肌内，应用ELISA方法检测不同时间小鼠血清中抗HBs抗体以及采用^51Cr释放实验检测淋巴细胞杀伤功能。结果：注射基因疫苗1周后，血清中抗HBs抗体转阳，4周后抗体达到高峰，并以高水平维持至少8周；第12周时PS诱导小鼠产生了良好的HBV特异的细胞免疫应答（P＜0.05）。结论；所构建的HBV adr亚型基因疫苗PS能够诱导小鼠产生较好的体液和细胞免疫应答。     

IL-12对乙肝病毒全S基因疫苗免疫效应的影响

目的：探讨IL-12对乙型肝炎病毒全S基因疫苗的免疫效果的影响。 方法：BABL/c小鼠分为对照组、HBV全S基因表达质粒单独免疫组（pcDNA3-PS）及pcDNA3-PS联合IL-12表达质粒免疫组（pcDNA3-PS＋IL-12）,免疫后6周测血清抗HBs,T细胞增殖反应实验及IL-2和IFN-γ水平。 结果：pcDNA3-PS＋IL-12组抗HBs滴度、刺激指数（SI）、细胞因子水平均较pcDNA3-PS增高,差异有显著性;两免疫组抗HBs滴度、SI和细胞因子水平均较对照组增高,差异有显著性。 结论：HBV全S基因疫苗可刺激小鼠产生特异性免疫,IL-12对HBV全S基因疫苗具有免疫佐剂效果。     

乙肝核酸疫苗NV—HB／s接种小鼠的免疫反应

目的：研究乙型肝炎核酸疫苗NV－HB／s经肌肉注射、皮下注射、转化伤寒杆菌CVD908后再经口服等不同途径接种小鼠后，小鼠产生体液免疫应答的规律，以及磷酸钙在提高核酸疫苗免疫能中的作用。方法用自制的乙肝核酸疫苗、佐剂化乙肝核酸疫苗及口服疫苗，以不同接种途径免疫小鼠，分别检测小鼠外周血中的HBsAg及抗HBs；肌肉组织标本中的 苗质粒以及C－myc mRNA。结果：肌注NV－HB／s 3天后，在接种部位检出了HBsAg;1月后外周血中检出了抗HBs。肌注与皮下注射对HV－HB／s的免疫效能无显著影响。口服接种所诱生的抗HBs阳转率及滴度低于肌肉注射与皮下注射。磷酸钙处理可降低核酸疫苗的用量，增加其安全性。结论：乙肝核酸疫苗NV－HB／s能有效地诱导小鼠产生抗HBs，在免疫后6个月内，质粒的注入未见癌基因的激活。     

乙肝核酸疫苗NV-HB/s接种小鼠的免疫反应

目的　研究乙型肝炎核酸疫苗 NV- HB/s经肌肉注射、皮下注射、转化伤寒杆菌 CVD90 8后再经口服等不同途径接种小鼠后 ,小鼠产生体液免疫应答的规律 ,以及磷酸钙在提高核酸疫苗免疫效能中的作用。方法用自制的乙肝核酸疫苗、佐剂化乙肝核酸疫苗及口服疫苗 ,以不同接种途径免疫小鼠 ,分别检测小鼠外周血中的HBs Ag及抗 HBs;肌肉组织标本中的疫苗质粒以及 C- m yc m RNA。结果　肌注 NV- HB/s 3天后 ,在接种部位检出了 HBs Ag;1月后外周血中检出了抗 HBs。肌注与皮下注射对 NV- HB/s的免疫效能无显著影响 ;口服接种所诱生的抗 HBs阳转率及滴度低于肌肉注射与皮下注射。磷酸钙处理可降低核酸疫苗的用量 ,增加其安全性。结论　乙肝核酸疫苗 NV- HB/s能有效地诱导小鼠产生抗 HBs;在免疫后 6个月内 ,质粒的注入未见癌基因的激活     

密码子优化对乙肝病毒表面抗原中蛋白核酸疫苗免疫原性的影响

目的:观察密码子优化能否增强乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原中蛋白核酸疫苗的免疫原性.方法:根据乙型肝炎病毒(adr亚型)表面抗原中蛋白(MHBs)的氨基酸序列,在不改变其氨基酸序列的基础上,设计并人工合成了密码子优化的基因,并将该基因克隆到核酸疫苗载体pSW3891中,构建了密码子优化的表达MHBs核酸疫苗(命名为:pSW3891/MHBs/adr/opt,简称opt).用上述核酸疫苗与表达野生型MHBs核酸疫苗(命名为:pSW3891/MHBs/adr,简称adr)及空载体质粒pSW3891一起瞬时转染293T细胞,应用蛋白质印迹法检测转染细胞中MHBs的表达.采用肌肉注射法,以opt、adr及pSW3891,分别对BALB/c小鼠进行免疫.用EIJSA方法检测免疫后小鼠血清中HBs抗体的滴度,ELISPOT法检测免疫小鼠表面抗原特异性分泌IFN-γ的脾细胞.结果:opl和adr均可在体外293T细胞中高效表达,且opt的蛋白表达量要高于野生型.opt免疫组小鼠特异性抗体滴度和免疫小鼠表面抗原特异性分泌IFN-γ脾细胞数量都要显著的高于adr免疫组小鼠.结论:密码子优化可以增强乙型肝炎病毒DNA疫苗在体外的蛋白表达量及免疫小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫原性.     

成人接种重组酵母乙肝疫苗后免疫效果的评价

目的：探讨重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗（YDV）对成人的免疫效果及安全性。方法；在辽宁省北票市部分学校选择22－58岁教师124人，一般健康状况良好，乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg)，乙型肝炎表面抗体（抗－HBs ）,乙型肝炎核心抗体（抗－HBc)3项指标均为阴性，体温正常。按0，1，6个月程序，每剂5μg/0.5ml接种卫生部北京生物制品研究所生产的YDV。结果；免疫后3，7，12，24个月时，抗－HBs阳转率分别为35．0％，83．3％，65．5％，37．2％（P＜0．01），在7个月时达到高峰，以后又急剧下降。女性抗－HBs阳转率均高于男性。小于35岁组的抗体阳转率高于35岁以上组，但仅在免疫后12个月时二者有显著性差异。免疫3d后局部和全身未见不良反应。结论：YDV对成人具有良好的免疫原性和安全性，其抗－HBs持续时间有待进一步观察。     

HBV preS2-S DNA免疫诱导小鼠体液免疫应答

目的:构建HBV表面抗原preS2-S基因表达质粒,并探讨其在小鼠体内的表达及诱导体液免疫应答的能力.方法:采用PCR方法,以PBR322-HBV2.0(adr亚型)质粒DNA为模板获得HBV preS2-S基因,并将其重组进入pcDNA3.0表达载体中,转染7721细胞系进行稳定表达;以此重组质粒免疫小鼠,ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠抗HBs抗体浓度.结果:构建了HBV preS2-S基因的表达质粒pcDNAS2-S,该表达质粒可在7721细胞中稳定高效表达;免疫接种小鼠2周后抗HBs抗体浓度明显升高,接种后第4周布比卡因处理组小鼠抗HBs抗体的浓度达到峰值161.4 mIU/ml,布比卡因非处理组第5周抗HBs抗体的浓度可达133.7 mIU/ml.结论:所构建的pcDNAS2-S表达质粒能有效表达并诱导小鼠体液免疫应答.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.