鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童慢性咳嗽疗效分析

目的：方法:对慢性咳嗽儿童行鼻内镜检查,筛选出腺样体肥大并感染患儿39例,全麻下行鼻内镜下腺样体切除。结果：39例患儿中,29例痊愈,8例好转,2例手术前后无明显变化,转诊儿科,诊断咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）,收儿科治疗。 总有效率为95%。结论：对于腺样体肥大并常有感染的患儿,行鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗继发性慢性咳嗽是合理和有效的。     

鼻内镜切割器腺样体切除术

我们于1999年3月至2002年7月在鼻内镜下应用全自动鼻窦电动手术器械(Hummer)行腺样体切除术58例,取得了满意的效果。     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除术

腺样体和扁桃体肥大是儿童鼾症的主要原因,对儿童生长发育有一定的影响,如呼吸障碍、发育障碍,或出现腺样体面容,特别是腺样体肥大常可引起儿童咽鼓管功能障碍导致分泌性中耳炎,且久治不愈。彻底解决腺样体肥大最有效的方法是手术切除。1资料和方法1.1临床资料。2002～2003年浙     

鼻内镜下动力系统切除肥大腺样体

腺样体肥大是儿童及少数成人较常见的引起鼻塞、张口呼吸、打鼾的疾病之一.彻底解决腺样体肥大的方法是手术,但以往传统的手术方式存在着某些弊端.为避免严重并发症的发生,我们于2005年1月～2006年1月对28例腺样体肥大的患者采取鼻内镜下动力系统吸切的方式进行手术,现报告如下.     

内镜下腺样体肥大分型的临床意义

目的 探讨内镜下对腺样体肥大的分型与临床症状的关系.方法 对306例因为打鼾憋气(163例)、鼻塞流涕(80例)、分泌性中耳炎(63例)患儿术前施行了鼻咽侧位X线片、内镜检查及耳部的检查,所有患者均行腺样体切除,其中合并分泌性中耳炎的患儿同时行鼓室置管或鼓膜造孔,术后经过6个月～4年随访.结果 根据内镜的检查结果,将腺样体肥大分为3种类型.1型为整体肥大型,腺样体整体向前突出堵塞鼻中隔后缘、后鼻孔、鼻咽侧壁(106例,占34.6%).2型为中央肥大型,腺样体中央向前突出,突至鼻中隔后缘,只堵塞部分后鼻孔(79例,占25.8%).3型为侧方肥大型,腺样体主要在两侧突出,突向后鼻孔,堵塞鼻咽侧壁(73例,占23.9%).其余48例(15.7%)多为腺样体炎或肥大突出较轻者,各种症状的程度均较轻,故未进行分型.各型中不同症状的患者所占比例明显不同,差异有统计学意义(x2=73.48,P<0.01).以打鼾憋气和鼻塞流涕为主症的患者术后均恢复正常,其中6例症状复发,2例药物治疗和4例再次手术后症状消失.分泌性中耳炎为主的患儿中14例术前听力基本正常,43例术后恢复正常,6例遗留轻度的气导听力下降.结论 腺样体肥大的类型不同所产生的症状不尽相同,1型可以发生全部症状,2型以打鼾憋气为主,3型压迫或接近咽鼓管咽口是分泌性中耳炎的主要原因.内镜检查是确定腺样体肥大类型的有效方法,可以避免X线检查,有效指导临床诊断和治疗工作.     

鼻内窥镜下息肉切割器腺样体切除术

目的 探讨在鼻内窥镜下用微型息肉切割器切除肥大腺样体的效果。方法 对7例腺样体增生儿童,在鼻内窥镜下用息肉切割器行腺样体切除术,对照手术前后的治疗效果。结果 术后张口呼吸及打鼾全部消失,随访3月～2年无复发,伴渗出性中耳炎者辅以中耳穿刺治疗而治愈,鼻窦炎症状减轻．均无并发症出现。结论 鼻内窥镜下用息肉切割器行腺样体切除术是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

鼻内镜及反向切割器经口腺样体切除术

1999年7月～2004年6月,应用鼻内镜及反向切割器经口进路行腺样体切除术,治疗腺样体肥大45例,取得良好效果,报道如下。     

鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术

腺样体肥大多见于儿童，在成人中也并不少见，我科自2002年10月～2004年4月采用鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术18例，取得了较满意的效果，现报告如下。     

鼻内窥镜下腺样体切除术

腺样体肥大多发生于儿童,传统治疗是行腺样体刮除术.2000年来我们在鼻内窥镜显像系统监视下行腺样体切除术24例,方法简便,疗效满意,并发症少.现报道如下.     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除术与传统腺样体刮除术对比分析

腺样体肥大是儿童常见疾病,可导致鼻塞、儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、分泌性中耳炎,如果不能及时治疗,严重可导致腺样体面容.本文对我科2010年1月～2011年9月于我科进行传统腺样体刮除术及腺样体微创切除术的患儿进行对照分析,现总结如下.     

Objective assessment of endoscopy assisted adenoidectomy

Objectives

To objectively assess the effectiveness of endoscopy assisted adenoidectomy utilizing adenoid tissue volume measurement and to set some parameters for which patients are more legible to this procedure.

Methods

Forty three patients for whom adenoidectomy was conventionally done using adenoid curettes. Surgeon’s satisfaction for adenoid removal after curettage and digital palpation was reported. The volume of removed adenoidal tissue was measured. The remaining adenoid tissue, if any, was removed transnasally guided by endoscope. Residual adenoid volume was also was measured. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results

The volume of adenoid removed by curettage ranged from 1 to 3.6 ml with a mean of 2.45 ml. The volume of residual adenoid removed by endoscopy after curettage ranged from 0 to 2.9 ml (mean: 0.67 ± 0.58 ml). The volume of residual adenoid after blind curettage was found to have statistically significant relation to older age of patients, preoperative larger adenoid by X-ray and Surgeon’s dissatisfaction about the completeness of removal after curettage.

Conclusion

Conventional curettage adenoidectomy misses a substantial volume of adenoid tissue. Endoscopy-assisted adenoidectomy is significantly recommended in children age  >10 years, dissatisfied surgeon after curettage and palpation, and grade 3 adenoid enlargement on X-ray.     

腺样体肥大四种手术方式比较

目的 总结138例腺样体肥大患者手术方式,评价四种手术方式的特点。方法 对138例腺样体肥大患者分别采用四种术式进行治疗,其中传统的腺样体刮除术20例(A组),腺样体刮除+鼻内镜下残余腺样体咬切术63例(B组),鼻内镜下腺样体切吸术25例(C组),鼻内镜下腺样体等离子融切术30例(D组),统计各组的治疗效果、腺样体残留率、并发症、手术时间、出血量等,比较不同术式的优缺点。结果 A组的有效率为90%,其余三组均达到100%;残留率以A组最高,为60%,D组残留率为6.67%,B、C两组无残留;共有4例术后出血(A组1例、B组2例、C组1例),鼻腔粘连共出现6例(B组4例,C组2例);在手术时间的比较上,A组和D组无显著性差异,B组和C组无显著性差异,其余两两比较均有显著性差异,即A组和D组在手术时间上优于B组和C组。在出血量的比较上, D组出血量最少,A组和B组次之,C组出血量最多。结论 传统的刮除术因残留率过高需摒弃;等离子融切术虽然手术时间短、出血少,但价格昂贵,可用于经济条件好、对失血要求高的患者;一般患者可选用腺样体刮除+鼻内镜下残余腺样体咬切术或鼻内镜下腺样体切吸术,相对而言前者更为简单易行,经济实惠。     

Effects of adenoidectomy in children with symptoms of adenoidal hypertrophy

The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative symptoms of children who had adenoid hypertrophy with postadenoidectomy symptoms. Sixty children undergoing adenoidectomy were included in this prospective uncontrolled study at the Farabi Hospital of Karadeniz Technical University, an academic tertiary medical center. The symptoms of each child were described by their parents. Adenoidectomy with myringotomy alone or with tympanostomy tube placement was performed in all children. Two months after the operation, the children were re-evaluated for remaining or residual symptoms. Nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, hearing loss and nasal discharge were present preoperatively in 55 (91.6%), 51 (85%), 50 (83%), 28 (46%) and 45 (75%), respectively. We found that 53 of 60 children (88.3%) completely recovered from their preoperative symptoms. Of the remaining seven patients, four had persistent nasal obstruction, five mouth breathing, three snoring and two hearing loss. We also noted that the parents of 53 of 60 children were satisfied after the operation. Adenoidectomy provided significant relief and improvement of preoperative presenting symptoms, and it also showed a high rate of parent satisfaction.     

The effect of adenoidectomy on right ventricular performance in children

Objective

Several studies have shown a reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) after adenoidectomy in children suffering form upper airway obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy (AH). However, it is not clear whether this would be significantly reflected on right ventricle output (RVO).

Methods

Our aim was to determine if there were any detectable changes in RV performance parameters after adenoidectomy in children with AH. Thirty children with AH (female/male: 11/19) aged between 2.5 and 12 years (median: five years) were included in this study. Adenoidectomy was performed under sinuscopic guide using adenoid curette and microdebrider. All children were examined by echocardiography one day before and one month after adenoidectomy. Velocity time integral of tricuspid valve flow (VTItv) and pulmonary valve flow (VTIpa); E/A ratio of tricuspid valve flow; RV end-diastolic diameter (RVEDd) and left ventricle fraction shortening (FS) were measured. Heart rate (HR) was also recorded.

Results

Preoperatively VTItv, VTIpa, E/A ratio, RVEDd, FS, and HR were 18.6 ± 3.0 cm, 20.8 ± 3.1 cm, 1.21 ± 0.31, 11.5 ± 2.1 mm, 35.1 ± 4.3%, and 112 ± 19, respectively. Postoperatively VTItv, VTIpa, E/A ratio, RVEDd, FS, and HR were 21.5 ± 2.5 cm, 24.4 ± 4.3 cm, 1.44 ± 0.32, 9.3 ± 2.6 mm, 33.9 ± 3.5%, and 104 ± 28, respectively. There were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative VTItv (p = 0.03), VTIpa (p = 0.01), E/A ratios (p = 0.04), and RVEDd (p = 0.01). FS and HR were not significantly different.

Conclusions

This study illustrated that in children suffering from AH, relieving upper airway obstruction by adenoidectomy may result in improvement of RV filling and RVO, associated with the reduction in PAP.     

鼻内镜下等离子射频治疗儿童腺样体肥大60例分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下运用等离子治疗仪行腺样体射频减容的优点。方法分析60例腺样体肥大儿童接受等离子手术前、后的临床资料,并对术前术后听力、夜间打鼾、鼻塞等症状恢复情况进行观察比较。结果术后腺样体明显缩小,A/N值小于0.6,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无咽鼓管损伤等并发症发生。随访1~2年,患儿症状消失或明显减轻,治疗有效率为100%。结论鼻内镜下运用等离子射频减容手术治疗腺样体肥大是一种安全有效、简单易行的手术方法,值得推广。     

Sensitivity and specificity of nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in children with nasal obstruction. METHODS: One hundred and thirty consecutive children aged 2-12 years were examined from May to October 2005. A questionnaire answered by parents or guardians was used to obtain a symptom score. Adenoid size was measured on radiographs of the nasal cavity using the Cohen and Konak method, and by nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy using the Wornald and Prescott classification. The criterion standard was the adenoid size demonstrated on radiograph. RESULTS: The sensitivity of nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy was 92% (95% CI, 0.90-0.93), and specificity, 71% (95% CI, 0.70-0.72). The area under the ROC curve was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90) at a p<0.001 level of significance. Kappa values were 0.94 (p<0.001) for interobserver agreement, 0.95 (p<0.001) for intraobserver agreement, and 0.54 (p<0.001) for agreement between tests. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that nasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy is a highly accurate diagnostic method. This examination can be performed easily in cooperative children; it is safe, objective and dynamic, and helps to establish diagnoses in difficult cases.     

内镜下对传统腺样体刮除术的临床评估

目的在内镜直视下研究传统腺样体刮除术病变残留比率和残留的部位。方法对107例腺样体增生肥大患儿, 其中腺样体Ⅱ度肥大64例,Ⅲ度肥大43例,先行传统腺样体刮除术,然后在内镜直视下观察是否有病变残留以及病变残留的大小和部位,对有病变残留的患儿在内镜直视下应用切割吸引器切除腺样体残留组织。结果行传统腺样体刮除术的所有患儿均有不同程度的病变残留,显著残留率（病变残留最大径超过1cm）53.1%(57/107),其中腺样体Ⅱ度肥大显著残留率25.0%（16/64）,Ⅲ度肥大95.3%（41/43）,残留位于腺样体上极35例(61.4%)、腺样体靠近圆枕处28例(49.1%)、腺样体下级16例(28.1%)。结论传统腺样体刮除术极易遗留病变组织,部位包括腺样体上极、腺样体靠近圆枕处、腺样体下级。     

鼻内镜下射频结合电动切削器治疗儿童腺样体肥大68例

目的：探讨鼻内镜下射频结合电动切削器治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效。方法：鼻内镜下为68例腺样体肥大患儿先行射频消融,再用电动切削器切除腺样体。结果：治愈63例,有效5例。结论：鼻内镜下射频结合电动切削器手术直观、微创、安全、有效。     

儿童腺样体肥大经口行鼻内镜下吸切术

目的：探讨经口行鼻内镜下吸切术治疗儿童腺样体肥大的方法及优势。方法：回顾总结经口行鼻内镜下吸切术的80例腺样体肥大儿童的手术方法及预后。结果：本组患儿的腺样体组织均完整切除,术中出血少,术后随访3-6个月,无并发症及复发,症状消失或改善,结论：经口行鼻内镜下切割吸引器切除儿童肥大腺样体具有效果少、腺样体少、不易复发等优点,是腺样体切除的首选方式。     

Assessment of adenoid size: A comparison of lateral radiographic measurements, radiologist assessment, and nasal endoscopy

Objectives

Correlate adenoid size as determined by lateral neck radiographs and intra-operative mirror exam. Determine if a radiologist's assessment of the lateral neck X-ray correlates with adenoid size. Assess the correlation of endoscopic findings to the degree of adenoid hypertrophy seen on intra-operative mirror exam. To perform a cost analysis of radiographic and endoscopic evaluations of the adenoids.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Methods

Patients who underwent adenoidectomy were reviewed. The adenoid size as determined by the adenoid-to-nasopharyngeal (A/N) ratio, radiology report, and flexible nasal endoscopy were compared to the adenoid size as determined by intra-operative mirror nasopharyngeal exam. Compensation rates for each modality were compared.

Results

Sixty-one children had pre-operative airway radiography. Ninety-nine patients underwent flexible nasopharyngoscopy. When the A/N ratio was compared to the intra-operative mirror exam, the Pearson Correlation coefficient was 0.64 (p < 0.0001). The radiology reading was compared to intra-operative mirror exam and the Spearman Correlation coefficient was 0.29 (p = 0.0258). When endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy was compared to intra-operative mirror exam, the Pearson Correlation coefficient was 0.62 (p < 0.0001). The cost of nasal endoscopy was $654. Lateral airway radiography plus radiology interpretation cost $605.

Conclusion

Children who undergo lateral radiographs to assess adenoid size are younger than those who undergo awake flexible endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy. Both the A/N ratio and endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy correlate well with the findings of the intra-operative mirror exam. The radiologist interpretations that do not utilize the A/N ratio measurement do not correlate well with intra-operative mirror exam findings. Both modalities are comparable in cost.