腹内疝伴肠扭转的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对腹内疝及伴发肠扭转的诊断价值.方法:对10例手术证实的腹内疝病例的CT资料进行回顾性分析,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强,并进行VR、MPR及M1P等后处理.结果:10例腹内疝中,8例有腹部手术史,10例均表现为肠梗阻,8例显示疝口,并有肠聚集、移位、肠系膜血管走形异常.伴发肠扭转7例,显示肠管和血管的“漩涡征”,5例见“鸟喙征”,3例见“同心圆征”,4例出现肠绞窄,表现为肠管强化减弱、肠壁水肿、腹水.结论:螺旋CT增强扫描和多种方法重组对腹内疝伴发肠扭转具有重要的诊断价值,及时诊断对患者的预后具有重要的作用.     

闭孔疝CT诊断(附9例报告)

目的探讨CT诊断闭孔疝的价值和临床意义,提高对闭孔疝的认识。方法回顾分析9例经CT术前检查、并为手术证实的闭孔疝CT表现。结果右侧闭孔疝7例,左侧闭孔疝2例。CT表现主要有小肠梗阻,空回肠肠管扩张、积液;在闭孔外肌和耻骨肌之间可见疝囊;闭孔疝绞窄时,可见肠壁增厚、水肿,增强扫描强化减弱;腹腔可见积液。结论CT检查是闭孔疝的有效检测手段,对老年患者,特别是老年女性患者的不明原因肠梗阻,腹部CT检查将有助于临床确诊。     

多层螺旋CT对闭孔疝的术前诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slicle computed tomography,MSCT)在闭孔疝术前诊断中的临床价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的14例闭孔疝患者的临床表现和影像学特征,对其影像学表现和术中发现进行对比分析.结果 腹部平片检查14例中仅1例术前确诊为闭孔疝(7.1%),CT检查6例均术前诊断为闭孔疝,诊断准确率为100%.闭孔疝的X线平片主要表现为小肠梗阻,仅1例于闭孔区有含气小肠曲显示.耻骨上支闭孔沟内有肠管疝入、耻骨肌和闭孔外肌之间见肠管和疝囊显示为CT诊断闭孔疝的特征性表现.肠壁增厚、增强扫描强化程度减弱、肠系膜水肿及腹腔积液征象提示肠壁缺血,其发生穿孔、坏死的概率较高(66.7%,4/6).结论 MSCT 能明确显示闭孔疝的直接征象,可显著提高闭孔疝的术前诊断准确率,有助于闭孔疝的早期诊断和治疗.     

腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻CT诊断

目的 探讨CT对腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析17例经手术证实的腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻的CT表现,CT检查包括全腹部平扫、动脉期及门脉期增强.结果 17例患者均有不同程度的肠梗阻表现,腹股沟斜疝9例,CT表现为疝囊内肠管从腹壁下动脉外侧、腹股沟韧带前上方走行,行经腹股沟管内;直疝1例,CT表现为扩张的小肠肠管从腹壁下动脉内侧的直疝三角区(Hesselback三角)直接由后向前突出,疝囊不进入阴囊;股疝3例,CT表现为股疝疝囊位于股三角区、耻骨结节水平线以后、腹股沟韧带后下方;闭孔疝4例,CT表现为闭孔外肌与耻骨肌之间的肠管影和腹部肠管相连.结论 CT检查能明确诊断腹股沟及其周围疝所致肠梗阻.     

螺旋CT检查在绞窄性小肠梗阻诊断中的作用

目的：探讨CT检查在诊断绞窄性肠梗阻中的价值。方法：对CT诊断并经手术证实的32例绞窄性肠梗阻患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者均行CT平扫及三期增强扫描。分析内容包括肠系膜血管改变、肠壁强化程度及腹水情况等,并与手术结果进行对比分析。结果：32例绞窄性肠梗阻主要征象有病变段肠管无强化和强化减弱（23/32,72%）,腹腔积液（21/32,66%）,系膜血管改变和网膜浑浊、密度增高（18/32,56%）。结论：肠壁强化程度减退、漩涡征、肠腔积血及腹腔积血是绞窄性肠梗阻比较可靠的征象。螺旋CT检查是诊断有无绞窄性肠梗阻的首选检查方法。     

小肠扭转的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对小肠扭转的诊断价值.方法:对8例经手术证实小肠扭转患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析.1例患者行CT平扫,7例行CT平扫和双期增强扫描,并进行图像后处理,包括容积再现(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)和最大密度投影(MIP).结果:8例中7例有肠管和血管的漩涡征,5例有鸟喙征,2例见同心圆征,4例显示肠管壁强化减弱、肠壁水肿和腹水.结论:肠管和血管的漩涡征是诊断小肠扭转的特征性征象,同心圆征、肠管强化减弱、肠壁水肿和腹水的出现,则高度提示绞窄性肠梗阻;螺旋CT增强扫描和图像重组可对小肠扭转做出准确的定位和定性诊断.     

MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的16例后天性腹内疝的MSCT资料,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强扫描,并行MPR观察。结果:16例均表现为肠梗阻,其中13例有腹部手术史。14例CT表现为肠襻聚集伴扩张积液,具有占位效应;疝内肠系膜血管移位、伸拉,向疝口纠集,呈“梳征”或“缆绳征”。2例CT表现为空肠移位,呈“C”型,肠管积液、稍扩张,肠壁无明显水肿增厚。CT增强扫描7例肠壁及系膜强化程度减弱。结论:MSCT及其后处理技术对后天性腹内疝具有重要的诊断价值。     

绞窄性肠梗阻的多层螺旋CT征象

目的绞窄性肠梗阻为急腹症之一,病死率高,本研究旨在探讨绞窄性肠梗阻的多层螺旋CT表现,提高术前CT诊断正确率。资料与方法经手术证实为绞窄性肠梗阻的43例患者(研究组),同期搜集97例单纯性肠梗阻作为对照组,比较两组的CT征象,分析CT征象诊断绞窄性肠梗阻的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 43例绞窄性肠梗阻中,肠扭转14例,腹内疝8例,闭孔疝4例,股疝17例。研究组CT表现为"鸟嘴征"43例,肠壁气泡4例,肠壁密度增高4例,肠壁强化减弱5例,"X征"8例,扩张肠袢壁增厚11例,肠壁内缘模糊5例,附属系膜血管扩张16例,闭袢16例,"漩涡征"13例,以上CT征象与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.001)。诊断绞窄性肠梗阻敏感度最高的CT征象为"鸟嘴征"(100.0%),特异度最高的CT征象为肠壁气泡、肠壁密度增高、肠壁强化减弱、"X征",均为100.0%。结论 "鸟嘴征"是诊断绞窄性肠梗阻最敏感的CT征象,肠壁气泡、肠壁密度增高、肠壁强化减弱、"X征"为绞窄性肠梗阻最特异的CT征象,扩张肠袢壁增厚、肠壁内缘模糊、附属系膜血管扩张、"漩涡征"、闭袢为绞窄性肠梗阻常见的CT征象。     

绞窄性肠梗阻的多层螺旋CT征象分析

目的探讨绞窄性肠梗阻的多层螺旋CT表现及其价值。方法回顾性分析诊断明确的32例绞窄性肠梗阻和85例单纯性肠梗阻患者的多层螺旋CT资料,结合文献筛选了7种绞窄性肠梗阻的CT征象:(1)肠壁强化减弱或无强化;(2)肠壁持续强化;(3)肠壁或门静脉积气;(4)肠壁增厚;(5)肠系膜血管充血;(6)肠系膜水肿/积液;(7)腹腔大量积液。比较上述CT征象在绞窄性肠梗阻与单纯性肠梗阻病例中的分布及诊断效能。结果上述7种CT征象在绞窄性肠梗阻病例中出现概率明显高于单纯性肠梗阻病例(P均<0.05);前3种征象只出现在绞窄性肠梗阻病例中,32例绞窄性肠梗阻患者中同时具备2项以上征象者占90.6%,85例单纯性肠梗阻患者中具备2项以上征象者仅3例,两组差异有明显统计学意义(χ2=88.752,P=0.000)。结论在诊断肠梗阻基础上,出现肠壁强化减弱或无强化、肠壁持续强化、肠壁或门静脉积气等征象之一或至少其他2种以上CT征象可提示为绞窄性。     

螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在小肠梗阻诊断中的价值。方法:对64例小肠梗阻患者肌注低张剂、口服对比剂后行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:机械性小肠梗阻59例(其中肠肿瘤17例,炎性病变7例,腹外疝8例,腹内疝5例,肠粘连8例,腹茧症5例,胆石3例,肠套叠3例,肠扭转2例,粪块1例),CT诊断正确55例,诊断符合率93%。麻痹性肠梗阻5例,CT诊断正确3例,诊断符合率为60%。8例绞窄性肠梗阻,7例CT诊断正确,诊断符合率88%。结论:CT判断小肠梗阻的有无以及明确梗阻的部位、原因、程度和肠管缺血具有较高的准确性,是诊断小肠梗阻的可靠方法。     

Computed tomography of traumatic abdominal wall hernia and associated deceleration injuries.

We retrospectively reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) examinations of 15 cases of abdominal wall hernia due to abdominal trauma; 13 patients had been injured in motor vehicle accidents (11 of those were belted in). All hernias were correctly identified on CT and confirmed intraoperatively. Traumatic abdominal wall hernia proved an important indicator of associated visceral injury, especially to the bowel (n = 6) and mesentery (n = 10). Careful review of the bowel and mesentery should thus be undertaken when disruption of the abdominal wall is documented. Radiologists should be aware, however, that CT findings may correlate poorly with severity of injury in these areas. In these instances, close clinical correlation and, sometimes, rescanning may be necessary.     

MDCT of abdominal wall hernias: is there a role for valsalva's maneuver?

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the role of Valsalva's maneuver during MDCT for the diagnosis and characterization of abdominal wall hernias. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From September 2002 to May 2003, 100 consecutive patients (37 men and 63 women; mean age, 53 years) with suspected anterior abdominal wall hernias underwent 4-, 8-, or 16-MDCT with and without Valsalva's maneuver. Patients received both oral and IV contrast material. On a workstation, three independent reviewers evaluated each scan obtained during rest and during Valsalva's maneuver for the following parameters: anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the abdomen; presence, location, and contents of the hernia; and transverse diameter of the fascial defect. The scans were compared to assess for changes in hernia size and contents and to determine whether the hernia would have been overlooked without Valsalva's maneuver. Fisher's exact test, the McNemar test, and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to assess for significant differences. RESULTS: The three reviewers identified a mean of 72 abdominal wall hernias (72%). The reviewers agreed (kappa = 0.723) with respect to the presence of a hernia. AP diameters increased an average of 1.33 cm during Valsalva's maneuver (p < 0.001). The transverse diameter of the fascial defect increased an average of 0.66 cm and the AP diameter of the hernia sac increased an average of 0.79 cm during Valsalva's maneuver (p < 0.001). Fifty percent of the hernias became more apparent with Valsalva's maneuver. Ten percent of the hernias could be detected only on the scan obtained during Valsalva's maneuver. Conversely, in no patients was the hernia detected only on the rest scan. CONCLUSION: As opposed to scans obtained at rest, scans obtained during Valsalva's maneuver aid in the detection and characterization of suspected abdominal wall hernias. A single scan obtained during Valsalva's maneuver is sufficient to detect 100% of anterior abdominal wall hernias identified on CT.     

Abdominal wall hernias: cross-sectional imaging signs of incarceration determined with sonography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine with sonography whether distinct cross-sectional imaging signs exist that may differentiate between incarcerated and nonincarcerated abdominal wall hernias. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sonographic appearance of 149 consecutive abdominal wall hernias was prospectively investigated and correlated with subsequent surgical results. Commercially available 4- to 10-MHz linear transducers and 2- to 5-MHz curved transducers were used to evaluate the hernias. RESULTS: Surgery revealed 126 nonincarcerated and 23 incarcerated hernias. The sonographic signs suggestive of incarceration that we identified included free fluid in the hernia sac, which was observed in 91% of the incarcerated hernias and in 3% of the nonincarcerated hernias; bowel wall thickening in the hernia, which was detected in 88% of the incarcerated hernias and in none of the nonincarcerated hernias; fluid in the herniated bowel loop, which was detected in 82% of the incarcerated hernias and in 3% of the nonincarcerated hernias; and dilated bowel loops in the abdomen, which occurred in 65% of the incarcerated hernias and in none of the nonincarcerated hernias. These imaging findings allowed the identification of incarceration in all 23 cases and led to a false-positive result in two of 126 nonincarcerated hernias. CONCLUSION: Cross-sectional imaging signs indicating hernial incarceration included free fluid in the hernial sac, bowel wall thickening in the hernia, fluid in the herniated bowel loop, and dilated bowel loops in the abdomen. Sonography is an appropriate cross-sectional imaging modality for detecting these signs that are helpful in diagnosing patients with atypical clinical presentations.     

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Purpose: To assess complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in uremic patients with and without clinical symptoms by CT peritoneography.Material and Methods: A total of 64 patients with end-stage renal disease and on continuous CAPD were investigated. Twenty-eight had some clinical symptoms, which might be related to the complications of CAPD. Thirty-six patients had no complaints or symptoms due to the dialysis treatment.Results: CT peritoneography revealed various complications including hernias (50%), dialysate leakage (46%), localized fluid collection (4%) and peritoneal adhesions (4%) in the patients who had clinical symptoms that might be related to the dialysis treatment. Moreover, similar complications were found in the asymptomatic patients at a lower rate: hernia (3%), dialysate leakage (17%), peritoneal adhesions (3%) and abdominal wall laxity (3%). Complication detection rate by CT peritoneography was 68% (n=19) in the symptomatic patients and 22% (n=8) in the asymptomatic patients. The number of complications found in each group was significant.Conclusion: CT peritoneography was an effective modality in detecting complications from CAPD in patients with and without clinical symptoms.     

MDCT imaging in Spigelian hernia,clinical, and surgical implications

ObjectiveSpigelian hernia is an uncommon congenital or acquired defect in the transversus abdominis aponeurosis with non-specific symptoms posing a diagnostic challenge. There is a paucity of radiology literature on imaging findings of Spigelian hernia. The objective of this study is to explore the role of MDCT in evaluating Spigelian hernia along with clinical and surgical implications.Materials and methodsIn this IRB approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective observational analysis MDCT imaging findings of 43 Spigelian hernias were evaluated by two fellowship-trained radiologists. Imaging features evaluated were: presence of Spigelian hernia, laterality, relation to “hernia belt” (between 0 and 6 cm cranial to an imaginary axial line between both anterior superior iliac spines), the hernia neck and sac sizes, hernia content, and other coexistent hernias (umbilical, incisional, inguinal). Patient's demographics (age, gender, BMI, conditions with increased intra-abdominal pressure) were also recorded for any correlation.Results60% (26/43) of Spigelian hernias were located below the hernia belt while 33% (14/43) within the hernia belt and 7% (3/43) above the hernia belt. The most common subtype of Spigelian hernia encountered was interparietal (84%). The mean hernia neck diameter was 3.4 cm, mean hernia sac volume was 329 cc. Hernia content included: fat (43/43) bowel (23/43), fluid (3/43). 3 patients had no clinical history provided, the remaining 37 patients' clinical presentation was asymptomatic in 73% (27/37), acute abdominal pain in 5% (2/37) and chronic abdominal pain in 22% (8/37). None of the hernia were incarcerated and none of the patients underwent emergent surgery. No significant correlation was noted between Spigelian hernia and causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure. 90% of our patients had other abdominal hernias. 30.9 was the mean BMI (20.8–69.1).ConclusionMost of the Spigelian hernia occurred below the traditionally described hernia belt and the majority are of interparietal subtype that can be best diagnosed with MDCT in contrast to physical examination.     

粘连性腹内疝及其合并肠缺血坏死的MSCT诊断

目的 探讨粘连性腹内疝及合并绞窄性肠坏死的MSCT特征.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术证实的粘连性腹内疝的CT资料,CT原始数据经多平面重建(MPR)及CT血管造影(CTA),以显示疝环、疝入肠系膜、疝内肠管的特征.结果 19例粘连性腹内疝均显示疝环,小肠扩张积液、聚集并移位,其中17例显示疝环处肠管狭窄与扩张肠管移行;17例显示疝入肠系膜水肿、增厚,肠系膜血管纠集、充血,其中11例显示疝环处肠管及其系膜扭转;15例显示腹水.根据疝入肠管影像表现将粘连性腹内疝分型:Ⅰ型为肠管扩张伴肠壁增厚(7例);Ⅱ型为肠管扩张不伴肠壁增厚(9例);Ⅲ型为肠管不扩张但肠壁增厚(5例).3型腹内疝肠管壁平扫CT值、动脉及门脉期肠壁强化值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅲ型小于Ⅱ型,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).8例粘连性腹内疝合并绞窄性肠坏死(5例为Ⅰ型,3例为Ⅲ型),CT显示肠扭转伴疝入小肠壁显著水肿增厚,肠壁模糊呈持续性低强化,其中4例显示肠系膜上静脉血栓栓塞,3例显示肠系膜上动脉主干或分支闭塞,8例均显示大量腹水.结论 粘连带形成的疝环,狭窄与扩张肠管移行以及小肠扩张、聚集并移位提示粘连性腹内疝的存在;疝入肠系膜水肿,血管纠集,充血,肠系膜血管闭塞,肠管壁显著水肿增厚并持续低强化,则是绞窄性肠坏死的影像特征.     

Characteristic locations of inguinal region and anterior abdominal wall hernias: sonographic appearances and identification of clinical pitfalls

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to show the typical locations of anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region hernias and to illustrate their sonographic appearances and describe pitfalls in clinical diagnosis of hernias that may be resolved with sonography. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the expected locations of anterior abdominal wall hernias and potential clinical pitfalls allows an accurate diagnosis of a hernia and helps in differentiating a hernia from other abnormalities.     

腹内疝37例临床分析

目的探讨腹内疝发生的病因,提高对该病的认识、诊断及治疗水平。方法对我院经手术证实的37例腹内疝临床资料进行回顾分析。结果剖腹探查手术证实为横结肠系膜裂孔疝1例;闭孔疝1例;盲肠旁疝1例;毕Ⅱ式结肠前吻合术后输出段空肠疝入输入段空肠与横结肠系膜间隙6例;M iles术后盆底腹膜裂开所致内疝5例;M iles术后降结肠与侧腹壁形成的间隙致内疝4例;大网膜与乙状结肠造口肠壁粘连形成内疝1例;1例在梅克尔憩室基础上发生炎性粘连形成腹内疝;因腹腔粘连带与腹膜、腹腔脏器、肠壁、肠与肠之间的孔隙改变形成内疝17例(48.7%)。结论腹内疝临床较少见,术前诊断困难,均以肠梗阻收入,对有手术史及腹部外伤史,考虑腹内疝者,应及时手术,以防发生肠绞窄、肠坏死。     

A new technique for the 3D reconstruction of the incisional hernia: A pilot study

PurposeThis study aimed to accurately evaluate incisional hernias with a new three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, proving surgeons more information for intuitive and accurate judgments about incisional hernia to minimize the perioperative complications and recurrence rate.MethodThis was a pilot study using a new technique, 3D reconstruction, based on computed tomography (CT) scans to measure abdominal wall defect, herniary area, herniary volume, abdominal cavity volume, and the volume of transverse, oblique, and recti abdominis in three patients with incisional hernias.ResultsThe 3D reconstruction technique made automated segmentation of the bony skeleton, skin, outer abdominal wall, vessel, and hernia sac. The hernia sac, abdominal muscles, and their anatomic relationship were clearly illustrated in 3D reconstruction images. Moreover, abdominal cavity volume; herniary diameter, area, and volume; and the volume of transverse, oblique, and recti muscles could be evaluated through 3D reconstruction images. Surgeons can also freely combine, rotate, scale, and move the 3D reconstruction mode, modify the name and transparency of the 3D reconstruction model, and observe the internal structure of the tissue and the size, shape, and location of the lesion from multiple angles for better and accurate judgments.ConclusionThe herniary diameter, area, and volume and the volume of transverse, oblique, and recti abdominis can be accurately calculated through this 3D reconstruction technology. A three-dimensional vision of the abdomen through this technology can objectively and quantitatively evaluate the situation of incisional hernia, providing a more realistic means for diagnosis and treatment of incisional hernias.