血清补体C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3、亲环素A与子痫前期患者脂代谢异常的相关性研究

目的探讨血清补体C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP)-3、亲环素A(CyPA)与子痫前期(PE)患者脂代谢异常的相关性。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年6月,青海大学附属医院产科收治的98例PE患者为研究对象。根据PE严重程度,将其分为重度PE组(n＝48)与轻度PE组(n＝50)。同时采用随机数字表法,选取同期于本院进行定期产前检查的50例健康孕妇作为对照,纳入对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法,检测3组受试者的血清CTRP-3、CyPA水平。采用全自动生化分析仪,检测3组受试者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。采用单因素方差分析,对3组受试者的人体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压及血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CTRP-3、CyPA水平进行总体比较;然后,再采用最小显著性差异(LSD)法,进一步两两比较。PE患者血清CTRP-3、CyPA水平与其血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平的相关性,采用Pearson相关性分析。PE患者血清CTRP-3、CyPA水平与其脂代谢指标的多因素分析,采用多重线性回归法。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。3组受试者年龄、孕龄分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①3组受试者BMI、收缩压、舒张压及血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CTRP-3、CyPA水平分别总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(F＝5.138、6.742、7.012、7.436、6.538、6.715、7.213、27.659、7.704,P<0.05)。对其进一步进行两两比较的结果显示,重度PE组和轻度PE组受试者BMI、收缩压、舒张压及血清TG、TC、LDL-C、CyPA水平,均分别显著高于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(重度PE组vs对照组：LSD-t＝7.156、13.864、8.664、14.264、6.837、13.875、28.185,P<0.001;轻度PE组vs对照组：LSD-t＝5.875、11.673、7.148、10.643、4.184、11.684、23.686,P<0.001);而血清HDL-C、CTRP-3水平,则均分别显著低于对照组,并且差异亦均有统计学意义(重度PE组vs对照组：LSD-t＝12.864、44.378,P<0.001;轻度PE组vs对照组：LSD-t＝9.547、31.684,P<0.001)。重度PE组受试者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压及血清TG、TC、LDL-C、CyPA水平,均显著高于轻度PE组,并且差异均有统计学意义(LSD-t＝4.738、P<0.001,LSD-t＝9.814、P<0.001,LSD-t＝4.864、P<0.001,LSD-t＝2.326、P＝0.042,LSD-t＝2.563、P＝0.028,LSD-t＝2.713、P＝0.022,LSD-t＝6.145、P<0.001);而血清HDL-C、CTRP-3水平,则均显著低于轻度PE组,差异亦均有统计学意义(LSD-t＝6.258、16.386,P<0.001)。②PE患者的血清CTRP-3水平与其血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平,均分别呈负相关关系(r＝－0.546、－0.573、－0.601,P<0.001),而其血清CTRP-3水平与血清HDL-C水平,则呈正相关关系(r＝0.531,P<0.001)。PE患者的血清CyPA水平与其血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平,均分别呈正相关关系(r＝0.612、0.637、0.552,P<0.001),而其血清CyPA水平与血清HDL-C水平,则呈负相关关系(r＝－0.514,P<0.001)。③血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平,均分别为PE患者血清CTRP-3、CyPA水平的独立影响因素(血清CTRP-3水平：t＝4.427、P<0.001,t＝3.675、P<0.001,t＝2.328、P＝0.020,t＝4.576、P<0.001;血清CyPA水平：t＝2.788、P＝0.005,t＝3.332、P＝0.001,t＝2.429、P＝0.015,t＝2.140、P＝0.032)。 结论PE患者血清CTRP-3水平较正常值降低、CyPA水平较正常值升高。CTRP-3、CyPA水平与其脂代谢异常具有相关关系,可能参与PE的发生、发展过程。     

先兆子痫患者血清脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白与血脂水平监测的临床意义

目的探讨先兆子痫(PE)患者孕期血清脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP4)与血脂水平监测及其意义。方法选择2010年10月至2012年10月在青岛大学医学院第二附属医院(青岛市中心医院)产科确诊为PE的40例孕妇为研究对象,并纳入PE组,再按照PE病情分级将其分别纳入重度PE亚组(SPE亚组,n=22)和轻度PE亚组(MPE亚组,n=18)。选择同期于本院常规产前检查的40例健康孕妇纳入对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)及全自动生化仪检测所有受试者血清FABP4、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平,并统计学比较各组间差异及PE组血清FABP4与血脂水平的相关性。PE组与对照组、SPE亚组与MPE亚组受试者平均年龄、孕龄和晚孕期体质量等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究遵循的程序符合青岛大学医学院第二附属医院(青岛市中心医院)人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。结果 1SPE亚组及MPE亚组血清FABP4、TC、TG、及LDL水平均较对照组显著升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而两亚组血清HDL水平则均较对照组显著降低,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01);SPE亚组及MPE亚组血清FABP4、TC、TG、HDL及LDL水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2PE患者血清FABP4与TG水平呈正相关(r=0.86,P<0.01),而与HDL水平呈负相关(r=-0.98,P<0.01)。结论血清FABP4水平升高和脂质代谢紊乱可能与PE发病有关。     

子痫前期患者尿蛋白/肌酐比值及血脂参数与病情严重程度的相关性

目的探讨子痫前期(PE)患者尿蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)及血脂参数与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取辽宁省某医院2017年1月—2020年5月诊治的160例妊娠期高血压疾病患者为研究对象,按照临床分类分为PE组(n=86),妊娠期高血压(HDP)组(n=74);另选取同期在医院产检的90例正常妊娠孕妇作为对照组。比较3组孕产妇年龄、体质量指数(BMI)等基本资料及血脂参数[甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)]和UACR水平,分析血脂参数和UACR与PE发病以及病情严重程度的相关性。结果 3组孕妇年龄和孕次比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而BMI和分娩孕周比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组孕妇UACR、TG、TC和LDL水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PE组孕妇UACR、TG和LDL水平高于HDP组和对照组,HDP组孕妇TC水平低于对照组和PE组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,UACR对PE的鉴别诊断效能最大(AUC=0.997,P0.001)。重度PE患者UACR、TG、TC和LDL水平高于轻度PE患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,UACR、TG及LDL均与疾病严重程度呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 UACR、TG及LDL水平与PE患者病情严重程度高度相关,可用于PE诊断以及病情评估。     

黑龙江省高龄与适龄孕妇孕期血脂代谢分析及比较

目的 探讨黑龙江地区健康孕妇不同孕期的血脂指标水平,并分析不同年龄区间孕妇血脂指标是否存在差异。方法 挑选在本院建卡、产检及分娩的432名单胎健康孕妇,并将纳入研究的孕妇分为高龄产妇组(n=124)和适龄产妇组(n=308),收集入组健康孕妇的基本资料,收集孕早期8～12周、孕中期24～28周、孕晚期32～36周的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL) 4项指标,分析这4项血脂代谢指标与孕期及年龄相关关系。结果 黑龙江地区孕妇TC、TG、HDL、LDL 4项血脂指标在早、中、晚孕期呈现上升趋势。TC、TG、HDL、LDL 4项血脂指标与孕周的秩相关系数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)且呈正相关。健康适龄产妇与健康高龄产妇TC、TG、HDL、LDL 4项血脂指标,在孕早期差异无统计学意义,孕中期与孕晚期TC、LDL差异没有统计学意义,但孕中期与孕晚期高龄产妇组的TG水平均高于适龄产妇组,HDL水平均低于适龄产妇组。结论 黑龙江地区健康孕妇不同年龄组早孕期、中孕期、晚孕期的TC、TG、HDL、LDL均呈逐渐升高的趋势。黑龙江地区健康高龄产...     

子痫前期患者脂代谢变化的临床研究

目的:探讨脂代谢异常与子痫前期发生、发展的关系。方法:测定115例子痫前期患者(其中轻度子痫前期56例,重度子痫前期59例)与50例正常孕妇血浆中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白(Apo-A、Apo-B)、Lp(a)水平与血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平,并进行对比研究;测定子痫前期患者24h尿蛋白定量值。结果:轻度子痫前期组(轻度PE组)和重度子痫前期组(重度PE组)中的TC、TG、LDL、Apo-B、Lp(a)、FFA水平随着病情的进展逐渐升高,重度子痫前期组中TC、TG、Apo-B与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),轻度PE组和重度PE组中的LDL、Lp(a)、FFA水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),轻度PE组和重度PE组中的HDL、ApoA1水平则随着病情进展逐渐下降,重度PE组中的HDL、ApoA1水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:子痫前期患者体内脂质代谢发生明显异常,并伴有氧化应激增强和毒性产物增加,造成血管内皮细胞损伤。脂代谢异常与该病的发生、发展密切相关。     

孕期血清脂溶性维生素及血脂水平与妊娠期高血压疾病关系

目的:探讨妊娠期血清脂溶性维生素、血脂水平与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)相关性。方法:选取2016年5月—2017年5月本院收治的HDP患者102例为观察组,同期75例健康孕妇为对照组。测定两组孕妇孕早期(8～13~(+6)周)、孕晚期(32～36周)血清脂溶性维生素A(VA)、维生素E(VE)、维生素D(VD_2、VD_3)含量,以及血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,记录围生儿常规指标。结果:孕早期观察组血清VA、TG、TC水平均高于对照组(P0.05);孕晚期血清VA水平两组低于孕早期, VE、VD_3、VD_2及TG、TC、HDL-C、 LDL-C水平高于孕早期,VA、TG、TC、LDL-C水平观察组均高于对照组, VD_3、HDL-C水平低于对照组(均P0.05);孕晚期时,正常妊娠组、妊娠期高血压组、轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平逐渐升高,HDL-C水平逐渐降低(均P0.05)。观察组分娩孕龄、新生儿出生体重、胎盘重量均低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:孕期脂溶性维生素及脂质代谢发生变化,VD_3、HDL-C相对不足及高血脂状态可能参与了HDP的发病。孕期密切监测血脂水平对早期干预及改善预后有一定意义。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者孕期血脂水平和围生结局的相关性分析

目的分析妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者孕期血脂水平和围生结局的相关性,为减少不良妊娠结局,早期干预HDCP提供科学根据。方法回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年1月在天津市东丽区东丽医院妇产科产检并分娩的5 290例孕妇及其新生儿的临床资料,其中有HDCP的348例孕妇为研究组,无HDCP的4 942例孕妇为对照组,比较两组孕妇孕期血脂水平,分析两组围生结局。结果研究组大于胎龄儿发生率、剖宫产率、早产发生率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度HDCP组TG水平显著高于轻度HDCP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度HDCP组和轻度HDCP组TC、HDL、LDL水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论孕期TG、TC、HDL、LDL是预测HDCP的重要指标,TG是判断HDCP程度的重要指标,孕期密切监测血脂水平,改善饮食及生活习惯,控制孕前BMI及孕期体质量可降低HDCP发生率,减少不良围生结局。     

子痫前期孕妇血清维生素D与钙吸收能力基因多态性的相关性分析

目的 探讨子痫前期(PE)孕妇维生素D与钙吸收能力基因多态性的关系。方法 选取2021年10月1日—2023年2月28日在吉林省妇幼保健院就诊的PE孕妇104例为病例组,其中重度PE 51例、轻度PE 53例,另选取同期在该院产检的100例健康孕妇为对照组。比较两组孕妇的基本资料,维生素D受体基因位点TaqI、FokI、ApaI及BsmI多态性的差异;再根据孕妇血清25-羟维生素D水平是否低于30 ng/ml进行亚组比较。结果 PE组与对照组的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、孕周、舒张压及收缩压等基本资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。PE组孕妇血清25-羟维生素D水平[(18.22±8.79)ng/ml]、血清钙离子水平[(2.36±0.09)mmol/L]低于对照组[(22.83±8.45)ng/ml、(2.42±0.11)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=-3.817、-4.271,均P<0.05)。PE患者FokI位点CC基因型频率(54.81%vs. 28.00%)高于对照组(χ²=20.085,P<0.05)。PE患者C...     

子痫前期患者血清内脏脂肪素水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨子痫前期(PE)患者血清内脏脂肪素(VF)水平的变化及意义.方法 选取PE患者81例,其中轻度PE 39例(轻度PE组),重度PE 42例(重度PE组),另选择45例健康孕妇作为对照组.检测各组孕妇空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)水平,采用稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).采用ELISA法检测血清VF水平.结果 三组FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重度PE组TG、TC高于对照组和轻度PE组(P<0.05).重度PE组血清VF水平为(22.45±4.18)μg/L,显著高于对照组[(14.52±3.25)μg/L]和轻度PE组[(18.75±3.96)μg/L](P<0.05).PE患者血清VF水平与FPG、FINS水平无相关性(r=0.21、0.24,P>0.05);PE患者血清VF水平与HOMA-IR、TC及TG呈正相关(r=0.42、0.36、0.41,P<0.05).结论 PE患者血清VF水平增加,VF水平与PE的严重程度、胰岛素抵抗和脂质代谢有关.     

子痫前期患者胎盘组织中Pten基因的表达及其临床价值

目的探讨Pten基因在子痫前期(PE)孕妇胎盘组织中异常表达的临床意义。 方法选择2018年8月1日至2019年1月1日在云南省第一人民医院产科采取择期剖宫产术分娩的60例孕妇为研究对象,纳入研究组,根据PE严重程度,将其分为轻度PE亚组(n＝30)和重度PE亚组(n＝30)。同时,采用随机数字表法,选择同期在本院采取剖宫产术分娩的30例正常孕妇纳入对照组。采用免疫组织化学染色法、实时荧光定量PCR法,检测pten蛋白及Pten mRNA在轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组孕妇胎盘组织中的表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析对研究组孕妇胎盘组织中pten蛋白染色评分和患者收缩压进行相关性分析。本研究遵循的程序符合云南省第一人民医院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准,并得到该伦理委员会审批(审查日期：2018年7月11日),并且与所有研究对象均签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果①轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组孕妇年龄、孕次、怀孕天数、胎儿出生体重、胎盘重量和新生儿身长等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而收缩压、舒张压、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血小板计数等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②pten蛋白在轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组产妇的胎盘组织中均有表达,主要定位于胎盘绒毛滋养细胞核中,阳性着色呈黄褐色,正常细胞的细胞核呈蓝色。③对照组孕妇胎盘组织中pten蛋白染色评分为(7.2±0.9)分,高于研究组的(4.0±1.3)分,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(t＝2.752,P＝0.007)。轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组孕妇pten蛋白表达水平分别为(5.7±1.6)分,(2.7±1.1)分和(7.2±0.9)分,轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组孕妇胎盘组织中pten蛋白染色评分总体比较,差异均有统计学意义(F＝315.726,P<0.001);轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组间进一步两两比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(轻度PE亚组vs重度PE亚组：LSD-t＝2.570,P＝0.013;轻度PE亚组vs对照组：LSD-t＝2.256,P＝0.031;重度PE亚组vs对照组：LSD-t＝2.483,P＝0.016)。④轻度PE亚组、重度PE亚组和对照组孕妇Pten mRNA相对表达水平分别为(0.5±0.1)、(0.4±0.1)和(1.4±0.3),轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(F＝368.748,P<0.001);轻度与重度PE亚组及对照组间进一步两两比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(轻度PE亚组vs重度PE亚组：LSD-t＝2.164,P＝0.039;轻度PE亚组vs对照组：LSD-t＝14.476,P<0.001;重度PE亚组vs对照组：LSD-t＝21.825,P<0.001)。⑤研究组孕妇胎盘组织中pten蛋白染色评分与收缩压呈负相关关系(r＝－0.356,P＝0.005)。 结论PE孕妇胎盘组织中pten蛋白染色评分,较对照组明显下降,并且重度PE孕妇的下降程度更为明显。Pten基因可能参与了PE的发生,其表达水平可能成为评价PE严重程度的潜在生物标志物。     

D-aspartate and D-glutamate in microwaved versus conventionally heated milk.

It has been reported that microwave heating of infant formulae can isomerize and racemize amino acids in the milk proteins, causing toxicity or affecting the nutritional value of the milk formulae. Therefore, we investigated whether microwave heating vs conventional heating would produce any D- enantiomers of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) in milk.

Whole and skim milk samples were heated for 10 minutes in either a microwave oven at medium power or on a hot water bath at 80 degrees C. D-Asp and D-Glu were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.

Unheated (control) samples were found to contain 0.40-0.45% D-Asp and D-Glu, inherent from the original pasteurizing process. Both conventional heating and microwave heating induce < 0.25% more racemization when compared to the control samples.

Within experimental error, there is no significant difference in the levels of these D-amino acids between the conventionally heated and microwave heated milks, thus having no significant effect on the nutritional value of the milk proteins.     

Soy isoflavones reduce electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL<Superscript>−</Superscript>) and anti-LDL<Superscript>−</Superscript> autoantibodies in experimental atherosclerosis

Background Isoflavones present in soybean may contribute to soy atheroprotectective effects. Aim of the study To investigate the effect of soy isoflavones supplementation on the formation of electronegative LDL (LDL⁻) and its autoantibodies in blood plasma and aortic atheromas of rabbits fed an atherogenic casein-based diet enriched with isoflavones. Methods New Zealand male rabbits (n = 15) were fed an atherogenic diet (27% casein) supplemented with isoflavones (0.73 or 7.3 mg of isoflavones/kg/day, Low and High Iso groups, respectively) for 180 days. Monthly, blood samples were collected after 12–15 h fasting and at 180 days of treatment all animals were sacrificed. Isoflavones were analyzed in plasma and urine samples by HPLC. LDL⁻ in plasma and atheromas was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively, with a monoclonal antibody reactive to LDL⁻. Autoantibodies reactive to LDL⁻ were analyzed in plasma and aorta by ELISA. Results Low and High Iso groups had decreased LDL-cholesterol, increased HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of LDL⁻ in blood plasma and aortic atherosclerotic lesions than the non-supplemented Control group. IgG autoantibodies reactive to LDL⁻ were higher in plasma of the Control group in comparison with the High and Low Iso groups. In contrast, the aortas from animals that consumed isoflavones showed higher levels of IgG reactive to LDL⁻ than the Control group. Conclusion Soy isoflavones showed hypolipidemic effects and decreased the pro-inflammatory LDL⁻ subfraction in blood plasma and aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.     

Dietary manipulation as a primary treatment strategy for pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

The mainstay of management for gestational diabetic women (GDM) has been dietary. If it is inadequate to sustain normoglycemia, insulin therapy must be initiated. We studied whether we could prevent macrosomia by insulin therapy based on four daily self blood glucose levels (SBG). Fifty GDM, ages 28-39 years were, recruited to the study. They were divided based on fasting glucose (FBS) level on the glucose tolerance test (GTT): those with FBS less than 90 mg/dl were managed by diet alone; those with FBS greater than 90 mg/dl were immediately started on insulin. The four SBG checks [FBS and 1 hour after each meal (lhpc)] correlated with the continuous glucose monitor with r = 0.91. The women were asked to perform a dipstick for ketones on their urine upon awakening and whenever a meal or snack had been missed. Insulin was initiated when the SBG monitoring indicated that: (1) the FBS was 80 mg/dl whole blood from fingerstick (WBG) or the plasma glucose (PG) greater than 90 mg/dl and/or (2) the lhpc was greater than 140 mg/dl WBG and/or (3) the patient had persistent ketonuria on the prescribed diet which cleared only when the caloric intake was increased to a point which precipitated postprandial hyperglycemia. The prescribed diet was calculated based on body weight to be 30 kcal/kg if the women were between 80 and 120% ideal body weight; or was calculated to be 24 kcal/kg if their weight was greater than 120% ideal body weight. The calories were divided such that 40% was carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 40% fat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Causal relationship between removal efficiency of low density lipoproteins and their composition following cholesterol feeding and cholestyramine therapy

The origin of cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia was investigated by simultaneous examination of LDL composition and ¹²⁵I-LDL plasma clearance in control and in cholesterol-fed rabbits treated or not with cholestyramine. The results show a straight relationship between LDL plasma clearance and the cholesterol ester/triglyceride ratio among the three experimental groups. Cholesterol-fed rabbits present a marked increase in the cholesterol ester/triglyceride ratio of LDL associated with an impairment in the catabolism of LDL, isolated from normal rabbits, as indicated by their fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Both parameters, cholesterol ester content and FCR of the LDL remain intermediate in cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with cholestyramine. The intravascular transformation of labeled LDL from normal rabbits was evaluated by the study of changes in their density profile. The increase in modal density of LDL after 7 hours of exposure in the blood stream is accentuated in cholesterol fed-rabbits. Therefore the intravascular transformation of LDL depends on the removal efficiency of the recipient animals. Taken together the findings support the hypothesis that abnormal LDL mainly results from supplementary intravascular degradation as a consequence of increased lifetime. Additional data concerning the composition of the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (LDL) are given. Cholestyramine has clear preventive effects on the alteration of these lipoproteins following cholesterol feeding suggesting that the mechanism proposed for LDL alteration is involved in the appearance of the other apo-B- containing lipoproteins.     

Higher levels of serum triglyceride and dietary carbohydrate intake are associated with smaller LDL particle size in healthy Korean women

The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors that characterize low density lipoprotein (LDL) phenotype and the levels of LDL particle size in healthy Korean women. In 57 healthy Korean women (mean age, 57.4 ± 13.1 yrs), anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles and LDL particle size were measured. Dietary intake was estimated by a developed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The study subjects were divided into two groups: LDL phenotype A (mean size: 269.7Å, n = 44) and LDL phenotype B (mean size: 248.2Å, n = 13). Basic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. The phenotype B group had a higher body mass index, higher serum levels of triglyceride, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoCIII but lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and LDL particle size than those of the phenotype A group. LDL particle size was negatively correlated with serum levels of triglyceride (r = -0.732, P < 0.001), total-cholesterol, apoB, and apoCIII, as well as carbohydrate intake (%En) and positively correlated with serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and ApoA1 and fat intake (%En). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that carbohydrate intake (%En) and serum triglyceride levels were the primary factors influencing LDL particle size (P < 0.001, R² = 0.577). This result confirmed that LDL particle size was closely correlated with circulating triglycerides and demonstrated that particle size is significantly associated with dietary carbohydrate in Korean women.     

Sex Differences in the Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on LDL Particle Size Distribution and Oxidation

Sex differences have been previously highlighted in the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). The objective of this study was to investigate whether sex differences also exist with regard to LDL particle size distribution and oxidation. Participants were 37 men and 32 premenopausal women (24–53 years) with slightly elevated LDL-C concentrations (3.4–4.9 mmol/L) or total cholesterol/HDL-C ≥5.0. Variables were measured before and after a four-week isoenergetic MedDiet. Sex differences were found in response to the MedDiet for the proportion of medium LDL (255–260 Å) (p for sex-by-time interaction = 0.01) and small, dense LDL (sdLDL; <255 Å) (trend; p for sex-by-time interaction = 0.06), men experiencing an increase in the proportion of medium LDL with a concomitant reduction in the proportion of sdLDL, while an opposite trend was observed in women. A sex difference was also noted for estimated cholesterol concentrations among sdLDL (p for sex-by-time interaction = 0.03), with only men experiencing a reduction in response to the MedDiet. The MedDiet marginally reduced oxidized LDL (oxLDL) concentrations (p = 0.07), with no sex difference. Results suggest that short-termconsumption of the MedDiet leads to a favorable redistribution of LDL subclasses from smaller to larger LDL only in men. These results highlight the importance of considering sex issues in cardiovascular benefits of the MedDiet.     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白促进巨噬细胞血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1表达及辛伐他汀干预研究

目的：观察氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1（LOX-1）表达的影响，探讨LOX-1在泡沫细胞形成中的作用。方法：无菌分离、培养大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，分别以终浓度10mg／L，25mg／L，50mg／L，75mg／L，100mg／L ox—LDL与巨噬细胞共孵育24h，以RT—PCR和Western blotting检测LOX-1基因表达水平；以终浓度75mg／L ox—LDL与巨噬细胞分别共孵育0．5h，3h，6h，12h，24h和36h后检测LOX-1表达水平；以不同浓度辛伐他汀预处理巨噬细胞后，再与ox-LDL共培养，检测LOX-1基因表达。结果：ox-LDL终浓度为10—75mg／L时，随着浓度增大，LOX-1mRNA和蛋白表达均增强，75mg／L时达高峰，ox-LDL 100mg／L时LOX-1表达显著降低（均P〈0．05）；自ox-LDL与巨噬细胞共孵育6h开始，LOX-1表达逐渐增强，24h达高峰，36h时LOX-1表达下降（均P〈0．01）；不同浓度辛伐他汀均使LOX-1表达降低，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：ox-LDL在一定范围内以剂量和时间依赖方式增强大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞LOX-1表达，LOX-1在巨噬细胞摄入ox-LDL的过程中可能具重要作用，辛伐他汀可抑制巨噬细胞LOX-1表达。     

REGULATION OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL BY COMPACTIN AND MEVINOLIN

Compactin and mevinolin reduce plasma cholesterol by competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.     

Heritability of LDL peak particle diameter in the Quebec Family Study

LDL size has been associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. The objective of the present study was to verify whether familial factors influence LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD), a quantitative trait reflecting the size of the major LDL subclass. LDL-PPD was measured by 2-16% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in 681 members of 236 nuclear families participating in the Quebec Family Study. LDL-PPD was adjusted for age (LDL-PPD1), age and body mass index (LDL-PPD2), or age, body mass index, and plasma triglyceride levels (LDL-PPD3) separately in men and women. The residual scores were used to test for familial aggregation, using an ANOVA and to compute maximum likelihood estimates of familial correlations. The ANOVA test revealed that family lines accounted for 47.4%, 46.7%, and 48.9% of the variance in the LDL-PPD1, LDL-PPD2, and LDL-PPD3 phenotypes, respectively. The pattern of familial correlations revealed no significant spouse correlations but significant parent-offspring and sibling correlations for the three LDL-PPD phenotypes, with maximal heritability estimates of 59%, 58%, and 52% for LDL-PPD1, LDL-PPD2, and LDL-PPD3, respectively. These results suggest that LDL-PPD strongly aggregates in families, and that the familial resemblance appears to be primarily attributable to genetic factors. Genes responsible for this genetic contribution remain to be identified.     

哈尔滨、大庆两市区1034例7～20岁健康儿童及青少年血脂7项的测定

本文采用SynchronC×5全自动化生化分析仪对哈尔滨、大庆两市区1034例7～20岁健康儿童及青少年血脂七项进行了测定。结果表明血清总胆固醇均值为4.01mmol/L(155mg/dl),其中17岁组略高为4.87mmol/L(188mg/dl),大于5.18mmol/L(200mg/dl)者约占11％,且随年龄增长而增多。高密度脂蛋白(HDL)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均随年龄增长而升高。LDL>3.11mmol/L(120mg/dl)者为8.6％,均在10岁以上。本次肥胖儿检出率为9.4％,中度以上肥胖者血脂高者占3.4％。