微波消融联合人工腹水治疗临近膈肌肝癌临床研究

目的探讨超声引导下经皮微波消融(MWA)联合人工腹水治疗临近膈肌(肿瘤距膈肌最短距离≤0.5cm)肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法收集我院2012年7月~2014年12月行MWA治疗的肝癌患者共129例(157个灶),临近膈肌患者47例(63灶)为观察组,97.9%(46/47)患者均行人工腹水下MWA治疗,远离膈肌(肿瘤距膈肌最短距离≥1cm)肝癌患者82例(94灶)为对照组。术后比较两组肿瘤完全消融率、局部肿瘤进展率及并发症发生率。结果术后1个月增强CT/MRI或超声造影(CEUS)显示观察组及对照组均完全坏死,完全消融率为100%。观察组及对照组局部肿瘤进展率分别为4.8%(3/63)、3.2%(3/94)(P=0.61)。术后1~2天观察组出现右侧少量胸腔积液、右肩部疼痛、恶心呕吐明显高于对照组,观察组3例患者行置管引流,但均在1周内恢复正常,均未出现肝脓肿、血胸、气胸等严重并发症。结论人工腹水下消融治疗临近膈肌肝癌与一般的经皮消融治疗相比,是一种安全、准确、有效的治疗方法。     

CT引导下人工腹水结合三维可视化系统辅助射频消治疗难消融复发性肝癌

【摘要】 目的 评价CT引导下人工腹水结合三维可视化系统（3DVAPS）辅助射频消融治疗难消融的复发性肝癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析中山大学肿瘤防治中心2015年3月至2020年12月177例复发性肝细胞癌患者的CT引导下射频消融的资料,其中257个病灶位于有挑战性的消融困难部位。肿瘤预后包括消融相关并发症、人工腹水技术成功率、完全消融技术成功率。 结果 177例患者的腹腔注入0.9%氯化钠溶液100~3 000 mL,平均853.71 mL,其中169例（95.48%）成功诱导人工腹水。术后复查腹部CT可见腹腔注水全部消失,其中仅有94例（53.11%）术中出现轻微并发症,均未出现严重并发症。术后162例患者消融边缘充分,增强扫描示消融区无强化。CT引导下人工腹水结合3DVAPS辅助射频消融手术的完全消融技术成功率为91.53%（162/177）。 结论 CT引导下人工腹水结合3DVAPS辅助射频消融治疗难消融复发性肝癌是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

微波消融治疗肾上腺转移癌的安全性及近期疗效分析

目的 研究微波消融治疗肾上腺转移癌的近期局部治疗效果、安全性和不良反应.方法 肾上腺转移癌患者7例,8个病灶,病灶直径2.7～7.2cm,平均4.7cm.于CT引导下行经皮穿刺肾上腺转移癌灶微波消融术,术后即刻行CT平扫,术后1月行CT增强扫描,分别评价肿瘤坏死范围.结果 8个病灶术后即刻CT平扫提示坏死范围90％～100％,平均97.5％,完全坏死率75％(6/8),术后1月CT增强扫描提示坏死范围80％～100％,平均93.1％,完全坏死率50％(4/8).全组无严重并发症发生.结论 微波消融治疗肾上腺转移癌安全、有效.     

肝癌射频消融术前指标对术后疼痛的预测价值

目的探讨肝癌射频消融术前指标对术后疼痛的预测价值。方法 80例患者中28例病灶临近肝包膜,52例病灶远离肝包膜。原发肝癌39例,继发肝癌41例,病灶较大径(7~43mm)。术后采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对患者疼痛程度进行评估。结果 80例患者于全麻下接受超声引导射频消融治疗并获取术后VAS评分(0~4分)。病灶临近肝包膜、直径较大的患者,术后痛觉更明显,病灶较大径、病灶与肝包膜最短的距离与VAS评分具有显著相关性,P0.01,患者年龄、肿瘤来源与VAS评分不具有相关性,P0.05。结论全麻下超声引导射频消融治疗后,病灶较大、临近肝包膜者更易疼痛。     

超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值。方法采用超声引导联合CT监视经皮射频治疗45例(75个病灶)特殊部位肝癌患者。统计消融术中、术后的并发症情况。1个月后复查CT、MRI资料,观察病灶的消融情况。结果消融术中无严重并发症,15例(33.3%)术后出现一过性发热;16例(35.6%)出现腹痛;3例顽固性咯呃逆;6例(13.3%)出现恶心。射频治疗后1个月随访显示,邻近膈肌13个病灶,其中病灶完全消融12个(92.31%);邻近胆囊8个病灶,完全消融6个(75%);邻近肠管5个病灶,完全消融5个(100%);邻近大血管9个病灶,其中病灶完全消融8个(88.89%),邻近胆管14个,其中病灶完全消融13个(92.86%)。45例患者仅1例靠近胆囊患者出现肝内肿瘤新生,无一例出现肝外转移。结论超声引导联合CT监视射频治疗特殊部位肝癌疗效满意,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广。     

The Value of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Special Sites of the Liver Cancer by Combining Ultrasound Guided with CT Monitoring

目的 探讨超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用超声引导联合CT监视经皮射频治疗45例(75个病灶)特殊部位肝癌患者.统计消融术中、术后的并发症情况.1个月后复查CT、MRI资料,观察病灶的消融情况.结果 消融术中无严重并发症,15例(33.3％)术后出现一过性发热;16例(35.6％)出现腹痛;3例顽固性咯呃逆;6例(13.3％)出现恶心.射频治疗后1个月随访显示,邻近膈肌13个病灶,其中病灶完全消融12个(92.31％);邻近胆囊8个病灶,完全消融6个(75％);邻近肠管5个病灶,完全消融5个(100％);邻近大血管9个病灶,其中病灶完全消融8个(88.89％),邻近胆管14个,其中病灶完全消融13个(92.86％).45例患者仅1例靠近胆囊患者出现肝内肿瘤新生,无一例出现肝外转移.结论 超声引导联合CT监视射频治疗特殊部位肝癌疗效满意,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广.     

1.5T MR与多层螺旋CT在肝癌微波消融术后临床价值分析

目的探讨1.5T MR与多层螺旋CT对肝癌微波消融治疗后的疗效评估与随访中的作用。方法对39例肝癌患者共75个病灶的微波消融治疗后的MR与CT资料进行分析。结果 CT和MR诊断肿瘤微波消融术后肿瘤局部进展的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.743和0.994。MR图像评价肿瘤局部进展的敏感度、特异度和准确度为90.9%、100%和98.7%,CT图像为63.6%、82.8%和79.9%。结论肝癌微波消融治疗后,MR在早期评估手术疗效、及时发现术后复发病灶等方面明显优于CT,并能较好显示肿瘤坏死以及复发的相关特征性表现。     

超声造影联合影像融合导航技术在特殊部位小肝癌微波消融治疗中的价值

目的 :探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合影像融合导航技术对特殊部位小肝癌病灶行经皮微波消融治疗的临床应用价值。方法:选择经CEUS联合影像融合导航技术引导下经皮微波消融治疗的患者30例,分别于术后30 min行CEUS,术后1个月行CT对比增强扫描或MRI检查评定该方法的临床效果。结果 :30例38个特殊部位小肝癌病灶,共行微波消融治疗42次,34个病灶完全消融,4个有局部残留,再次消融治疗后均完全消融;所有患者均未出现与治疗相关的严重并发症。结论:CEUS联合影像融合导航技术能精确定位病灶、引导微波消融治疗穿刺和监控疗效,对临床特殊部位小肝癌消融有显著的辅助效果,值得临床推广应用。     

呼吸针控联合病灶最大面积投影用于CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术

【摘要】 目的 探讨“呼吸针控”联合“病灶最大面积投影”用于CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术（MWA）的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤行MWA术的53例患者,对其中29例（研究组）在CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺MWA中采用“呼吸针控”消除呼吸运动对穿刺的影响,联合“病灶最大面积投影”准确规划进针路径、预测消融范围;24例（对照组）行常规CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺MWA。比较两组术中穿刺次数、并发症及消融病灶的近期疗效。 结果 研究组术中穿刺次数少于对照组[（1.1±0.3）次 vs（3.1±0.9=）次],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后并发症表现为气胸、肝包膜下出血、膈肌损伤（主要表现为术中和/或术后肩背部疼痛）;研究组气胸、肝包膜下出血、膈肌损伤发生率均低于对照组[（6.9%（2/29）、10.3%（3/29）、0%（0/29））比54.2%（13/24）、37.5%（9/24）、33.3%（8/24）],差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组术后6个月内肝肿瘤完全消融率明显高于对照组[93.1%（27/29）比70.8%（17/24）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 “呼吸针控”联合“病灶最大面积投影”可提高CT引导下经皮经肺穿刺近膈肝肿瘤微波消融术的完全消融率,减少并发症,值得推广。     

动脉栓塞联合局部消融治疗复发性、难治性胸壁肿瘤

目的 初步探讨动脉栓塞联合局部消融治疗复发性、难治性胸壁肿瘤的安全性和疗效。方法 回顾性分析11例术后复发、治疗后进展的胸壁肿瘤患者,在原治疗方案的基础上联合DSA引导下动脉栓塞和CT引导下局部消融治疗,观察患者疼痛缓解情况（VAS评分）和术后并发症,并评价治疗疗效。结果 随访率100%,中位随访时间为18.5个月。所有患者均成功实施DSA引导下动脉栓塞术,7例患者9个病灶首程行CT引导下射频消融治疗,2例患者复发再次行射频消融治疗。4例患者5个病灶首程行CT引导下微波消融治疗,1例患者复发再次行微波消融治疗。根据mRECIST评价标准,6、12、18个月有效率（ORR）分别为72.7%(8/11)、45.5%(5/11)、18.2%(2/11),6、12、18个月总生存率分别为81.8%(9/11)、63.6%(7/11)、27.3%(3/11),中位生存期为13.2个月。术后1、3个月VAS评分分别为（2.42±1.25）分、（1.91±1.24）分,明显低于术前（6.78±1.13）分,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。3例患者术后出现胸腔积液,给予穿刺引流后,胸腔积液消失;...     

TACE联合CT引导下微波消融治疗肝细胞肝癌的临床应用

目的：探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合CT引导下微波消融治疗肝细胞肝癌的临床疗效。 方法：选择通过临床诊断证实的肝细胞肝癌患者45例,行TACE治疗后序贯给予CT引导下的病灶局部微波消融治疗,检测患者治疗后3、6、12、24个月的血液甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平变化情况,分析总结术后不同时间的肿瘤局部控制情况和患者生存率。 结果：45例肝细胞肝癌患者术后3、6、12、24个月血AFP下降有效率为100%（45/45）、100%（45/45）、93.3%（42/45）、91.1%（41/45）;病灶局部控制率依次为：100%（45/45）、100%（45/45）、97.8%（44/45）、88.8%（40/45）;生存率分别为：100%（45/45）、100%（45/45）、93.3%（42/45）、91.1%（41/45）。TACE治疗后患者出现发热、疼痛、均出现食欲下降、呕吐、肝功能异常等表现,对症处理后基本恢复。微波消融后患者有2例患者术后出现胸腔积液,经对症处理后积液消失。45例患者均未发生治疗相关性死亡病例。 结论：TACE联合CT引导下微波消融治疗肝细胞肝癌,CT下定位精确,显像明显,治疗效果较佳,是提高肿瘤局部控制率并延长患者生存期的有效方法。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma abutting the diaphragm and gastrointestinal tracts with the use of artificial ascites: safety and technical efficacy in 143 patients

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with the use of artificial ascites for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to the diaphragm and gastrointestinal tract. One hundred forty-three patients with 181 HCCs who underwent US-guided percutaneous RFA with the use of artificial ascites were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 181 HCCs, 148 HCCs were defined as problematic nodules for two major reasons: poor sonic window or possible thermal injury. We artificially induced ascites before performing RFA by dripping 5% dextrose in a water solution. We assessed the technical success of introducing artificial ascites, technical feasibility of the use of artificial ascites and complications. The technical success rate, as well as the primary and secondary technique success rate, was assessed by regular follow-up CT examinations. RFA with artificial ascites was successfully achieved in 130 of 143 patients. The primary technique effectiveness was 85.3%. During follow-up (mean, 20.4 months), remote intrahepatic recurrence occurred in 49 patients and local tumor progression occurred in 15 patients. Three (2.1%) of the 143 patients experienced major complications (hemoperitoneum, lobar infarction and biloma) related to the RFA procedure. The use of artificial ascites is a simple and useful technique to minimize collateral thermal injury and to improve the sonic window.     

Large liver tumors: protocol for radiofrequency ablation and its clinical application in 110 patients--mathematic model, overlapping mode, and electrode placement process

PURPOSE: To establish a preoperative protocol for ultrasonographically guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of large liver tumors that is based on mathematic models and clinical experience and to evaluate the role of this protocol in RF ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A regular prism and a regular polyhedron model were used to develop a preoperative protocol for liver tumor ablation. This protocol enabled the authors to minimize the number of ablation spheres, optimize the overlapping mode, and determine the electrode placement process. One hundred ten patients with 121 liver tumors were treated by using this protocol. Sixty-nine patients had 74 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 41 had 47 metastases to the liver (ie, metastatic liver carcinomas [MLCs]). Patients underwent follow-up helical computed tomography (CT) 1 month and every 2-3 months after RF ablation. Ablation was considered a success if no contrast enhancement was detected in the treated area on the CT scan obtained at 1 month. RESULTS: A total of 536 ablations were performed in the 121 tumors. The ablation success rate was 87.6% (106 of 121 tumors); the local recurrence rate, 24.0% (29 of 121 tumors); and the estimated mean recurrence-free survival, 17.1 months. Twenty-five patients underwent 38 re-treatments for local tumor recurrence. Major complications occurred in seven patients. Of these patients, only one, who had a tumor close to the colon, had a colon perforation 1 week after RF and required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: The described protocol for treatment of large tumors had a success rate of 87.6% and a local recurrence rate of 24.0%.     

肝癌电磁波热凝治疗消融术后的CT表现分析

目的:分析肝癌电磁波热凝治疗(微波固化或射频消融)后的常见和特殊CT表现,提高对电磁波热凝治疗消融后肝脏形态改变和局部并发症的认识。方法:26例消融治疗后的肝癌患者,术后2周行CT扫描,3个月内复查CT,结合临床症状和实验室检查指标,分析射频消融治疗后肝脏形态的一般变化和出现局部并发症时的特殊征象。结果:电磁波热凝治疗消融后18例病灶呈术后正常改变,CT平扫为边界清楚、均质的低密度区,增强扫描无强化,而坏死区周边可见薄的环形强化,病灶范围较治疗前稍大,随治疗后的时间延长坏死区周边的环形强化逐渐减弱至消失,而中心坏死区仍为低密度,无强化,病灶较前逐渐缩小。消融后复发4例,CT表现为消融治疗区域周边的新发低密度灶。胆道损伤2例,CT表现为消融治疗区域周边肝内胆管扩张。肝内假性囊肿形成1例,CT示消融治疗区旁边缘锐利无强化的囊性灶;皮肤瘘道形成并胸腔积液1例,CT表现为消融治疗的针道不愈合,肝脏内病灶坏死区与体表相连通。结论:CT可准确地反映原发性肝癌电磁波热凝治疗消融后肝脏的形态学改变,有效观察局部并发症的发生情况,有助于提高对电磁波热凝治疗术后征象的认识。     

人工液胸辅助超声引导微波消融治疗肝癌的临床应用价值

 目的 探讨人工液胸在辅助超声引导经皮微波消融治疗近膈顶肝癌的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性研究2011-01至2013-12行人工液胸操作辅助超声引导微波消融治疗肝癌的患者115例临床资料,年龄35～82岁,对人工液胸操作的可行性、有效性和安全性指标进行评估。结果 人工液胸操作成功率97.4%(112/115),滴注的生理盐水量为500～1500 ml,平均(962.9±219.4)ml。操作成功的112例患者中110例完成了肝癌的超声引导微波消融治疗,操作有效率98.2%。本组病例术中和术后未出现与人工液胸操作有关的严重并发症,轻微并发症包括疼痛、咳嗽等。结论 人工液胸技术具有良好的可行性,可以安全有效地用于辅助超声引导经皮微波消融治疗近膈顶肝癌,扩大了适应证范围。     

腹腔镜辅助超声引导下射频消融治疗膈顶部原发性肝细胞癌疗效评价

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助超声引导下射频消融治疗膈顶部原发性肝细胞癌的可行性、安全性及有效性.方法 解放军总医院肝胆外科2013年1月至2016年3月连续收治的膈顶部单发原发性肝细胞癌患者23例,所有患者采用腹腔镜辅助超声引导下射频消融治疗,观察围术期并发症发生情况并随访长期疗效.结果 23例患者均成功施行腹腔镜辅助超声引导下射频消融治疗,所有患者围术期均无大出血、胆瘘、重度胸腔积液、血气胸等严重并发症发生,术后2～3d CT检查提示消融区完全覆盖肿瘤,随访9～38个月患者总体生存情况令人满意.结论 腹腔镜辅助超声引导下射频消融治疗膈顶部原发性肝细胞癌具有可操作性,并且安全有效.     

CT-guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Liver Metastases from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

PurposeTo access efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of liver metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Materials and MethodsFrom March 2007 to June 2012, 18 consecutive patients with NPC and liver metastases (15 men and three women; average age, 45.7 y; age range, 31–61 y) received computed tomography (CT)–guided percutaneous MWA treatment. A total of 27 ablations were performed involving 24 liver metastatic lesions in 18 patients with NPC. Average patient follow-up after ablation was 22.4 months (range, 2–52 mo). The average number of liver metastases per patient was 1.3 (range, 1–4 lesions), with lesion diameters ranging from 1.9 cm to 4.2 cm. Evaluation was then performed to assess percentage of complete necrosis, local tumor progression, and safety.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all 27 MWA procedures performed. During follow-up, new metastatic lesions developed in four of 18 patients. Of these, two were liver metastases, and were successfully treated with repeat WMA. Only two major complications were observed: pneumothorax in a patient with an ablation pathway involving the thorax and postprocedural pain in two other patients. A median overall survival time of 41.4 months was observed (range, 2–50 mo); three of 18 patients died during follow-up.ConclusionsCT-guided MWA is safe and offers an effective treatment alternative for local tumor control in selected patients with liver metastases from NPC.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌的疗效

 目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌的疗效。方法 选择2013-03至2015-03在CT引导下经皮微波消融治疗26例不能手术切除的巨块型肺癌患者,所有病例诊断均经术前穿刺病理证实,其中鳞癌18例,腺癌7例,腺鳞癌1例。术后即刻、3、6、12个月复查增强CT,评价肿瘤体积缩小及坏死情况,分别于术前与术后1个月采用KPS评分评价患者生存质量,随访时间为12个月。结果 26例32次微波手术均获得成功,其中6例于术后1周行二次微波消融手术。微波消融治疗结束后即刻行CT增强扫描,其中CA 5例(19.2%),PA19例(73.1%),SD 2例(7.7%),总体有效率为92.3%。所有患者瘤体负荷显著减轻,治疗前KPS评分为78.23±11.54,治疗后1个月KPS评分为85.13±10.22(t=-2.282,P＜0.05);消融术前肿瘤最大径为(10.4±1.3)cm,消融术后3、6、12个月肿瘤最大径分别为(7.6±2.4)cm、(6.2±2.8)cm 和(5.7±2.5)cm,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(F=21.482,P＜0.05)。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺微波消融治疗老年人巨块型肺癌是一种安全、微创、减瘤效果显著的介入方法,其远期疗效和对患者生存期的影响还有待进一步研究。     

Liver cancer: increased microwave delivery to ablation zone with cooled-shaft antenna--experimental and clinical studies

PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate whether the ablation zone induced with microwaves could be increased by delivering greater energy with a cooled-shaft antenna. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All studies were animal care and ethics committee approved. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Microwave ablation was performed by using a cooled-shaft antenna in 48 ex vivo and 12 in vivo experiments with porcine livers. The coagulation diameters achieved in different microwave ablation parameter groups (60-90 W for 5-25 minutes) were compared. Ninety patients (78 men, 12 women; mean age, 53 years; age range, 20-82 years) with 133 0.8-8.0-cm (mean, 2.7 cm +/- 1.5 [standard deviation]) primary or metastatic liver cancers were treated with the same microwave ablation technique. Complete ablation (CA) and local tumor progression (LTP) rates were determined. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare differences in tumor size, ablation zone diameter, and CA and LTP rates between different patient subgroups. RESULTS: In the ex vivo livers, in vivo livers, and liver cancers, one application of microwave energy with 80 W for 25 minutes produced mean coagulation diameters of 5.6 x 7.4 cm, 3.5 x 5.9 cm, and 3.6 x 5.0 cm, respectively. Skin burn was not observed. CA rates in small (相似文献   

Liver malignancies: CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy in patients with unfavorable lesions for thermal ablation

PURPOSE: To evaluate computed tomography (CT)-guided brachytherapy in patients with very large liver malignancies or with liver tumors located adjacent to the liver hilum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective nonrandomized phase II trial, we treated 20 patients (19 liver metastases and one cholangiocarcinoma) with CT-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using a (192) Iridium source. All patients demonstrated no functional liver degradation prior to irradiation. Entry criteria were liver tumors > 5 cm (group A, n = 11, no upper limit) or liver tumors < or = 5 cm adjacent to the liver hilum (group B, n = 9). Dose planning for brachytherapy was performed with three dimensional (3D) CT data acquired after percutaneous applicator positioning. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging follow-up was performed 6 weeks and every 3 months post intervention. Primary endpoints were complications, local tumor control (absence of tumor growth after treatment followed by shrinkage of the lesion starting at 6 months) and progression-free survival. RESULTS: The mean tumor diameter was 7.7 cm (range, 5.5-10.8 cm) in group A, 3.6 cm (range, 2.2-4.9 cm) in group B. On average, a minimal dose of 17 Gy in the target volume was applied (range, 12-25 Gy). Severe side effects were recorded in two patients (10%). One patient demonstrated an obstructive jaundice caused by tumor edema after irradiation of a metastasis adjacent to the bile duct bifurcation. One patient developed intra-abdominal hemorrhage that was treated by a single blood transfusion and has ceased. We frequently encountered moderate increases of liver enzymes (70% of patients) and bilirubin (50% of patients) without clinical symptoms and thus considered to be insignificant. The median follow-up was 13 months. In group A (tumors > 5 cm), primary local tumor control after 6 and 12 months was 74% and 40%, respectively; in group B, it was 100% and 71%, respectively. All but one local recurrence (in a patient with diffuse tumor progression) were successfully treated during another CT-guided brachytherapy leading to a primary assisted local control of 93% after 12 months. CONCLUSION: CT-guided brachytherapy based on individual dose plans and 3D CT data sets generated encouraging results in large liver malignancies as well as in tumors located adjacent to the liver hilum.