乳腺癌磁共振分子成像的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率呈逐年上升趋势。利用MR分子成像可从代谢、功能及分子生物学水平研究乳腺癌,已成为乳腺癌分子影像学的重要成像技术之一。本文就近年来国内外关于乳腺癌MR分子成像的研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振分子影像学研究进展

磁共振分子影像是分子影像学的重要分支,具有其他成像技术不可比拟的优越性和广阔的发展前景.近年来,新型磁共振靶向探针及成像序列的研发取得了一系列进展,包括可激活探针、19F成像、超极化成像以及化学交换饱和转移成像等方面,进一步拓展了磁共振分子影像的应用范围.此外,磁共振分子成像在多系统疾病的早期诊断、代谢成像、细胞示踪及基因分析等方面也发挥着巨大优势.尽管磁共振分子成像距离临床转化还存在着一定差距,随着成像技术的日新月异,其在临床疾病诊治中必将发挥重要价值.     

磁共振成像用于分子影像学研究

分子影像学可广义定义为在活体内进行细胞和分子水平的生物过程描述和测量,而磁共振不仅具有非侵袭性,在活体成像中有着极精细的空间分辨率和极佳的组织分辨率,还可在活体器官的细胞或亚细胞水平定性与定量生物学过程。所以,磁共振技术在分子影像学研究中扮演了极其重要的角色。     

智能响应性磁共振纳米分子成像探针研究进展

智能响应性纳米分子探针可以实现肿瘤靶向定位、快速响应、灵敏诊断、精确治疗疾病,这需要精确的成像来监测探针的分布和肿瘤的位置。近年来,磁共振成像(MRI)由于其具有高灵敏度,低背景噪声等特点受到了广泛的关注。磁共振成像作为临床上最为广泛和安全诊断方法之一,为疾病诊断和肿瘤靶向治疗提供影像学指导。研究者对智能响应性MR纳米分子成像探针检测如pH变化、酶活性、还原环境和乏氧等方面进行了深入的研究。这篇文章将对智能响应性磁共振纳米分子成像探针的成像最新研究进展进行综述。     

前列腺癌磁共振分子影像学研究进展

前列腺癌严重影响男性健康。MR分子影像学结合了MRI和分子影像学优势,为前列腺癌的早期诊断和靶向治疗提供了新的方法,具有良好的应用前景。本文将就前列腺癌的MR分子影像学研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振成像对肝癌和肝海绵状血管瘤的鉴别诊断价值

对原发性肝癌(PHC)24例,继发性肝癌(SHC)12例及海绵状肝血管瘤(HCH)15例的磁共振成像(MRI)结果表明MRI能清晰显示肿瘤部位、数目、大小、形态、边界、瘤内间隔、癌栓和肝硬化程度。本组发现病灶220只,最小直径为0.5cm,<5cm者189只,占86％。T_1能检出病灶,T_2则有助于病灶性质的鉴别。HCH的T_2时间常>80ms,而PHC<80ms者居多,本组分别为83.3％和71.4％。在T_2加权图像上,随回波时间的延     

磁共振成像在原发性肝癌诊断治疗中的应用进展

原发性肝癌(primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC)是严重危害人类生命健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一,在世界范围内发病率居第五位,占所有癌症的5.6％,全球每年的新发病例约为564 000例[1-3].PHC预后极差,其5年生存率不到10％.近年来影像学检查在PHC诊断和治疗中起着越来越重要的作用.磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)是一门新兴的无创性显示人体内部结构的影像学诊断技术.目前已广泛应用于中枢神经系统、头颈部、纵隔等肿瘤的放疗计划及诊断中.同时MRI在勾画肿瘤边界,修正靶体积,提高靶区剂量精确性等方面有重要意义[4].     

肝癌介入治疗的功能性磁共振成像评价研究进展

<正>肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是我国常见的肿瘤,发病率和死亡率较高,严重危害人们的健康和生命。在全球范围恶性肿瘤中,肝癌的发病率位于第6位,在死亡原因中位于第3位,约四分之三的患者在发现肝癌时就已经失去手术机会[1]。肝癌的治疗方法很多,除病灶或肝叶切除、肝移植以外,还有化疗、放疗、经导管肝动脉化疗     

智能响应性19F磁共振纳米分子成像探针诊断肿瘤研究进展

智能响应性纳米分子探针可在精确成像监测探针分布并定位肿瘤的前提下实现肿瘤靶向成像、快速响应、灵敏诊断及精确治疗。MRI，特别是¹⁹F-MRI灵敏度高和背景噪声低，近年来采用智能响应性¹⁹F-MR纳米分子成像探针检测pH变化以及酶活性、还原微环境、乏氧和光热等方面的研究不断深入。本文围绕智能响应性¹⁹F-MR纳米分子成像探针诊断肿瘤的研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振成像技术在肝细胞癌中的应用进展

目的探讨磁共振成像在肝细胞癌诊断、预后评价、治疗方案选择、疗效评估中的应用进展。材料与方法收集并分析国内外最新相关文献。结果功能磁共振成像及肝脏特异性对比剂等磁共振新技术的发展与应用使磁共振成像不仅有助于早期诊断肝细胞癌,还可以反映肿瘤的发病机制、生物学行为特点和细胞水平的基因表达异常,为肝细胞癌的预后评价、治疗方案的选择及疗效评估提供了重要信息。结论磁共振成像是诊断、评估、监测、随访肝细胞癌重要的有效手段。     

Mosaic pattern of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and pathology

Internal architecture of an encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied with magnetic resonance imaging and histologic correlation. The capsule of HCC showed low intensity relative to liver on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The T1-weighted images were superior to the T2-weighted images in delineating the capsule of HCC. The tumor showed a mosaic pattern, which was a configuration composed of multiple compartments of different intensities, reflecting viable tumor nodules and a necrotic portion. Viable tumor nodules, composed of trabeculae of polygonal cells resembling the normal liver cell with well-formed sinusoids, showed low intensity relative to liver on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. The necrotic portion, composed of coagulation of amorphous, thick eosinophilic material without hemorrhage or inflammatory reaction, showed low intensity relative to liver on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The T2-weighted images were superior to the T1-weighted images in demonstrating the mosaic pattern of HCC.     

Biomarkers vs imaging in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5^th most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, according to the World Health Organization. The incidence of HCC is between 3/100000 and 78.1/100000, with a high incidence reported in areas with viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C, thus affecting Asia and Africa predominantly. Several international clinical guidelines address HCC diagnosis and are structured according to the geographical area involved. All of these clinical guidelines, however, share a foundation of diagnosis by ultrasound surveillance and contrast imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and sometimes contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The primary objective of this review was to systematically summarize the recent published studies on the clinical utility of serum biomarkers in the early diagnosis of HCC and for the prognosis of this disease.     

Diagnostic value of imaging examinations in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other pathological types and is characterized by rapid progression. Most of the clinical diagnoses are made at late stage or when distant metastasis occurs, increasing the difficulty of treatment and resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PHC plays an important role in timely treatment and the improvement of prognosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer is liver biopsy, but it has limitations as an invasive examination. Presently, imaging has become the first choice for the diagnosis of liver cancer. We here summarize the new methods and techniques of imaging in diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver cancer in recent years, including ultrasonography, computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging technology-voxel incoherent motion, diffusion tensor imaging, iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-iron quantification, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and hepatocyte-specific contrast medium imaging. Imaging diagnosis can not only evaluate the degree of differentiation, blood supply and perfusion, and invasiveness of the lesion, but also predict the prognosis, evaluate liver function, and provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌前后磁共振灌注成像观察

目的 观察肝细胞癌(HCC)患者经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗前后磁共振灌注加权成像(MR PWI)灌注值改变.方法 对22例HCC患者在TACE术前和术后3～10天分别进行MR PWI,得出术前及术后平均强化时间(MTE)、负增强积分(NEI)、病灶达峰值时间(TTP)、最大信号下降斜率 (MSD),比较TACE术前与术后上述各指标的差异.结果 HCC瘤区时间信号曲线(TIC)TACE术前呈快速下降,TACE术后趋向平缓;MTE与TTP值术后较术前降低,NEI值术后较术前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);MSD值术后较术前降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MR PWI能够敏感地观察到HCC TACE术前后的血流变化,可用于评价TACE疗效.     

肝细胞癌3.0TMR氢质子波谱的初步研究

目的初步研究活体肝细胞癌的3.0TMR氢质子波谱成像的特点。方法扫描并分析15例磁共振诊断为肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的治疗前肿瘤区与非肿瘤区肝组织的氢质子MR波谱(1H-MRS),比较肿瘤区与非肿瘤区胆碱(Cho)及甘油三酯(TG)的含量。结果9例患者瘤区Cho峰高于非瘤区肝组织;有8例瘤区内TG峰高于非瘤区肝组织。结论肝脏肿瘤内Cho峰升高提示诊断HCC,TG峰升高不能除外HCC诊断。     

肝细胞癌MRI动态增强表现的血供基础研究

目的明确肝细胞癌MRI动态增强表现的微血管基础.方法用二乙基亚硝胺长期小剂量灌喂大鼠诱发肝细胞癌,于不同时间行MRI动态增强扫描,并且在相应部位取材做病理、电镜及MVD测定.结果 41个结节做MRI动态增强扫描,绘制时间-信号强度曲线,可见曲线形态与肿瘤MVD有关,快速上升型曲线肿瘤的MVD值高,缓慢上升型曲线肿瘤的MVD值低.结论 MRI动态增强扫描可以客观的反映肿瘤的血供情况,有助于临床进一步治疗.