急性阑尾炎超声检查方法的再探讨

目的为提高急性阑尾炎超声诊断的准确性,对其超声检查方法予以进一步探讨。方法对278例疑似急性阑尾炎患者术前随机分成两组,分别行方法一、二两种检查,结果与手术病理对照。结果方法一的敏感度65.3%,特异度44.4%,阳性预测值88.7%,阴性预测值16.0%,准确度69.7%,阳性似然比1.5。方法二的敏感度90.4%,特异度84.0%,阳性预测值96.3%、阴性预测值65.6%、准确度89.2%,阳性似然比5.7。结论检查方法二明显提高了急性阑尾炎术前诊断的准确性。     

颅颈联合黑血管壁成像技术对颈动脉闭塞病变的诊断价值与DSA的对照研究

目的评估3D颅颈联合黑血管壁成像技术(3D T_1-SPACE)对颈动脉闭塞病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析47例怀疑颈内动脉闭塞患者的3D T_1-SPACE图像和DSA图像。对3D T_1-SPACE图像进行评分。分别在3D T_1-SPACE和DSA图像中评价病变程度。以DSA为金标准,评价颅颈联合黑血管壁成像技术诊断颈内动脉完全闭塞病变的一致率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比和阴性似然比。结果 47例患者(男性34例,女性13例)均顺利完成颈内动脉颅内外段全程MR成像。图像质量评分为(3.29±0.94)分。以DSA结果为金标准,3D T_1-SPACE诊断颈内动脉完全闭塞的一致率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比与阴性似然比分别为93.6%、97.0%、85.7%、94.1%、92.3%、6.79和0.04。Kappa值为0.84。结论颅颈联合黑血管壁成像技术对颈动脉闭塞病变具有良好的诊断价值,并且能清晰展示颈动脉急、慢性闭塞病变特征。     

物理检查和MRI检查在前交叉韧带完全断裂中的诊断价值

目的 比较并评价物理检查、MRI检查对前交叉韧带(ACL)完全断裂的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年8月-2006年4月因单侧膝关节外伤、初诊怀疑为单纯膝关节韧带断裂或伴有半月板损伤而需入院手术的患者115例,于入院时分别行MRI检查及物理检查,后者包括前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验.并于3日内对所有患者行关节镜检查.以膝关节镜检查为金标准,运用临床流行病学方法对各诊断试验的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、准确度进行评价和比较. 结果 经关节镜检查证实,115例患者中确诊为ACL完全断裂的有41例,物理检查和MRI检查比较,灵敏度为95.1%、92.7%,特异度为87.8%、97.3%,阳性预测值为81.3%、95.0%,阴性预测值为97.0%、96.0%,准确度为90.4%、95.7%,阳性似然比为7.80,34.33,阴性似然比为0.06,0.08. 结论 在诊断ACL完全断裂方面,MRI与物理检查相比具有更高的诊断价值,但是,专业规范的物理检查也可以获得较高的诊断价值,因此在l临床实践中不应被忽视.     

三种特殊物理检查诊断前交叉韧带完全断裂价值评价

目的:比较并评价三种特殊物理检查在前交叉韧带完全断裂诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2005年8月~2006年4月因单侧膝关节外伤、初诊怀疑为单纯膝关节韧带断裂或伴有半月板损伤而需入院手术的患者115例,入院时分别行三种特殊物理检查:前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验。并于3日内对所有患者行关节镜检查。以关节镜检查结果为金标准,通过临床流行病学方法对三种物理检查诊断前交叉韧带完全断裂的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、准确度进行比较和评价。结果:经关节镜检查证实,115例患者中确诊为前交叉韧带完全断裂的41例;前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验三种物理检查的灵敏度分别为43.9%、90.2%、70.7%,特异度分别为90.5%、90.5%、95.9%,阳性预测值分别为72.0%、84.1%、90.6%,阴性预测值分别为74.4%、94.4%、85.5%,准确度分别为73.9%、90.4%、87.0%,阳性似然比分别为4.62、9.49、17.24,阴性似然比分别为0.62、0.11、0.31。结论:总体看,Lachman试验对诊断前交叉韧带完全断裂具有更高的诊断价值。从单方面看,轴移试验确定前交叉韧带完全断裂最有效,Lachman试验排除前交叉韧带完全断裂最有效。     

ST-T改变联合颈动脉斑块发生对外科患者发生冠心病诊断价值

目的探讨心电图ST-T段改变及颈动脉斑块发生在外科患者冠心病中的诊断价值。方法选取自2017年12月至2020年12月于武汉大学中南医院住院的疑似冠心病且在住院期间均接受了静息心电图、颈动脉超声和冠状动脉造影检查等相关检查的111例疑似冠心病外科患者为研究对象。根据冠状动脉造影结果,将疑似冠心病的外科患者分为冠心病组(n=28)与非冠心病组83例(n=83)。回顾性分析患者的冠状动脉造影、心电图、颈动脉超声和基本临床资料,并利用灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比和阴性似然比评估危险因素对冠心病的诊断价值。结果冠心病组患者的年龄、血清肌钙蛋白I、血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平,以及ST-T改变和颈动脉斑块发生率均高于非冠心病组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、ST-T改变及颈动脉斑块是外科患者冠心病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。以冠状动脉造影结果为诊断冠心病的“金标准”,ST-T改变诊断外科患者冠心病的灵敏度为67.9%,特异度为56.6%,阳性似然比为1.56,阴性似然比为0.57;颈动脉斑块诊断外科患者冠心病的灵敏度为89.3%,特异度为65.1%,阳性似然比为2.56,阴性似然比为0.16;联合ST-T改变及颈动脉斑块结果诊断外科患者冠心病的灵敏度为96.4%,特异度为35.0%,阳性似然比为1.48,阴性似然比为0.10。结论ST-T改变和颈动脉斑块可作为外科患者冠心病的诊断指标,并且二者结合能更有效地预测冠心病。     

CT诊断常见卵巢良恶性病变的准确度

目的:评估CT诊断卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的准确度。方法 :回顾性分析232例经组织病理学证实的卵巢肿瘤及肿瘤样病变患者的CT资料。计算CT诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度及95%可信区间。使用Kappa检验评估2位观察者间的一致性。结果:对于观察者A,CT诊断敏感度92.0%,特异度87.1%,阳性预测值94.3%,阴性预测值82.4%,准确度为90.5%。对于观察者B,CT诊断敏感度94.4%,特异度90.0%,阳性预测值95.6%,阴性预测值87.5%,准确度为93.1%。2位观察者间一致性良好(K=0.933)。结论:CT能够精确地诊断卵巢肿瘤,观察者间一致性良好。     

TCD对后循环脑梗死患者动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的 :探讨TCD在后循环脑梗死患者动脉狭窄诊断中的临床价值。方法 :收集82例单纯后循环脑梗死患者,均行TCD和CTA检查,以CTA检查结果为标准,分析TCD诊断后循环动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比和Kappa值。结果:82例共检查后循环血管410条,CTA诊断血管狭窄51条,TCD诊断血管狭窄40条,其中34条与CTA诊断结果相符,TCD诊断大脑后动脉、基底动脉、椎动脉狭窄分别为13、7、20条,CTA诊断大脑后动脉、基底动脉、椎动脉狭窄分别为17、9、25条;TCD诊断大脑后动脉、基底动脉、椎动脉狭窄的敏感度分别为64.7%、66.7%、76.0%,特异度分别为96.9%、96.9%、98.3%,阳性似然比分别为17.5、21.5、44.7,阴性似然比分别为0.36、0.34、0.24,Kappa值分别为0.67、0.69、0.42。结论:TCD诊断后循环动脉狭窄与CTA具有较高的一致性,为后循环脑梗死的病因诊断提供了依据,是后循环脑梗死重要的辅助检查方法。     

MR动态增强和扩散加权成像评估子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的对照研究

【摘要】目的：对比MR动态增强（DCE）和扩散加权成像（DWI）评估子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的价值。方法：回顾性分析2009年2月-2017年2月天津医科大学总医院手术确诊为子宫内膜癌的250例患者的术前盆腔MRI资料,由两位医师分别在DWI联合T2WI、DCE联合T2WI序列下评估是否存在宫颈间质浸润,计算并对比两种序列评估宫颈间质浸润的符合率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,同时分析影响不同序列判断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润的因素。结果：医师1采用DCE+T2WI和DWI+T2WI判断宫颈间质浸润的符合率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为98.4%、96.3%、98.7%、90.0%、99.6%和95.2%、92.6%、95.5%、71.4%、99.1%;医师2采用DCE+T2WI和DWI+T2WI判断宫颈间质浸润的符合率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为94.0%、88.9%、94.6%、66.7%、98.6%和88.4%、74.1%、90.1%、47.6%、96.6%。DCE联合T2WI序列判断宫颈间质浸润的符合率高于DWI。子宫峡部受累是影响DWI判断宫颈间质浸润的主要因素。结论：MR动态增强联合常规T2WI序列对于判断子宫内膜癌宫颈间质浸润优于扩散加权成像。     

MSCT检查对阴性阑尾切除率的影响

目的：通过前瞻性观察研究评估MSCT检查对急性阑尾疑诊患者阴性阑尾切除率的影响。方法：78例急性阑尾炎临床疑诊患者纳入研究。由急诊科医师根据临床资料（包括实验室检查）结合Alvarado评分做出临床诊断,分为两组：临床典型组（Alvarado评分≥7分）和临床不典型组（Alvarado评分〈7分）。所有患者均行MSCT检查,由放射科医师做出CT诊断。治疗方案由外科医师综合参考临床与CT诊断结果后制定,最终诊断以手术病理和临床随访为准。计算临床与CT诊断的阴阳性结果及相关评价指标,并进行统计学处理。结果：MSCT检查的各个评价指标（准确度94.9%,敏感度95.6%,特异度93.9%,阳性预测值95.6%,阴性预测值93.9%,阳性似然比15.8,阴性似然比0.05）均明显优于临床诊断。78例患者中,35例属临床表现典型组,其中9例（25.7%）证实为急性阑尾炎阴性,此9例患者MSCT诊断结果全为阴性。结论：术前MSCT检查可明显降低急性阑尾疑诊患者的阴性阑尾切除率,避免不必要的剖腹探查。     

超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统与18F-FDG PET/CT在乳腺疾病诊断中的相关性及联合应用价值

目的：分析超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）分级与18F-脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）PET/CT之间的相关性,并评价其在乳腺疾病诊断中的联合应用价值。资料与方法对103例疑似乳腺癌患者的18F-FDG PET/CT图像及超声BI-RADS分级进行回顾性研究,分析最大SUV（SUVmax）与超声BI-RADS分级的相关性,并以病理或长期随访结果为“金标准”,分别分析其灵敏度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值。结果在103例疑似乳腺癌患者中,良性46例,恶性57例;SUVmax与超声BI-RADS分级的Pearson相关系数r=0.464（P<0.01）;所有患者中PET/CT诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值分别为89.47%、73.91%、80.95%、84.99%;BI-RADS分级诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值分别为94.70%、69.60%、79.42%、91.38%;在BI-RADS 3~4级的患者中PET/CT诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值分别为88.90%、71.40%、66.65%、90.91%;BI-RADS分级诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值分别为88.90%、46.40%、51.60%、86.67%。结论 SUVmax与超声BI-RADS分级不具有明显相关性,对于BI-RADS 3~4级病例, BI-RADS分级诊断的特异度明显降低,PET/CT可以很好地弥补这一缺点,两者联合诊断乳腺疾病具有一定的临床推广潜力。     

乳腺病高频钼靶X线与病理诊断对比研究

目的　评价高频钼靶X线摄像对乳腺病定性诊断价值 ,提高乳腺病的术前诊断水平。方法　对 13 9例乳腺病人实施高频钼靶X线摄像 ,并与术后病理结果对照。结果　X线诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为 91.43 %、95.65%和 93 .53 % ,阳性似然比为 2 1.0 3 ,阴性似然比为 0 .0 9。阳性预测值为 95.52 % ,阴性预测值为 91.67%。假阳性率和假阴性率分别为 4.3 %和 8.6%。结论　高频钼靶乳腺照相可以显示绝大多数乳腺恶性病变特征 ,有很高的定性诊断价值 ,值得临床推广应用。     

Comparison of the Cozart DDS 801 on-site drug test device and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation results of cannabis and cocaine in oral fluid specimens

Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a problem around the world. The objective of this study is to assess the reliability of the oral fluid screening device the Cozart DDS 801 by comparing the on-site results with confirmatory gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) oral fluid analysis. The study was carried out in Catalonia (Spain) with a sample of 2180 oral fluid specimens taken from subjects suspected of driving under the influence of drugs of abuse, and collected by police officers during 2009–2010. Statistical parameters of the tests were determined for cannabis and cocaine. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, likelihood positive ratio and likelihood negative ratio for cocaine were 92%, 90%, 95%, 85%, 9.44, and 0.09 respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, likelihood positive ratio and likelihood negative ratio for cannabis were 87%, 86%, 94%, 73%, 6.15 and 0.6 respectively. Accuracy was 91% for cocaine and 86% for cannabis. The Cozart DDS 801 drug test system is a simple to use screening tool for cocaine and cannabis in oral fluid, at initial screening cut-off established by the manufacturer, confirmed with a GC/MS analysis. The system has demonstrated its acceptable performance.     

Individualized periapical radiography determined by clinical and panoramic examination.

The efficiency of panoramic radiography compared with full-mouth periapical examination is an unresolved problem. The diagnostic yield of periapical lesions when the clinical signs and symptoms and the findings from a panoramic radiograph served as the basis for an individualized periapical radiographic examination was studied. Two hundred patients were examined clinically and radiographically. The periapical status was assessed step by step with access to increasing numbers of radiographs. For the clinical examination, the sensitivity was 0.24, the positive predictive value 0.62, the specificity 0.98, the negative predictive value 0.90 and the likelihood ratio for the positive test result 12. For radiographs indicated by the clinical examination plus the panoramic radiograph and selected periapical radiographs, both the sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 0.91, the specificity and the negative predictive value 0.99 each and the likelihood ratio was 91. False findings were twice as frequent in the upper as in the lower arch and particularly found in the incisor and premolar regions. In 30% of the patients no periapical radiograph was needed to supplement the panoramic radiograph. In the other patients, two supplementary periapical radiographs were needed on average. We conclude that the information obtained from the clinical and panoramic examinations supplemented with no more than two periapical radiographs will result in a high diagnostic yield on the periapical status.     

SPECT/CT骨显像在肿瘤患者可疑脊柱转移灶中的诊断价值

目的 评价99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)SPECT/CT骨显像对肿瘤患者可疑脊柱转移灶的诊断价值.方法 选取76例99Tcm-MDP骨显像可疑脊柱转移灶患者,进行SPECT/CT同机融合显像.76例患者中,与病理(含术中病理)检查结果对照19例,与随访1年余(2006年6月至2006年12月患者,随访至2008年3月)结果对照14例,显像结果与CT及MRI的共同结果对照43例.结果 SPECT/CT显像诊断肿瘤脊柱转移灶的灵敏度为95.83%(23/24),特异性为90.38%(47/52),准确性为92.11%(70/76),阳性预测值为82.14%(23/28),阴性预测值为97.92%(47/48),阳性似然比为9.97,阴性似然比为0.05.结论 SPECT/CT提高了肿瘤可疑脊柱转移灶鉴别诊断的准确性和特异性.     

The validity of the motion palpation test for determining patellofemoral joint articular cartilage damage

ObjectivesThis study investigated the validity of the motion palpation test (MPT) for pre-operatively grading patellofemoral joint articular cartilage damage.DesignRetrospective review of cases.ParticipantsConsecutive patients (N=188) with suspected patellofemoral joint articular cartilage damage.ProcedureThe medical records of patients who underwent clinical examination using the MPT and proceeded to undergo knee arthroscopy were reviewed.ResultsBased on arthroscopic findings the MPT revealed excellent overall sensitivity (87%), positive test predictive value (97%), and accuracy (85%), but specificity (33%) and negative test predictive values (10%) were poor. However, overall likelihood ratios for a positive (1.3) or negative (0.39) test indicated only a minimal increase in the likelihood of having articular cartilage damage with a positive test, and only a small decrease in ruling-out the condition with a negative test. With a severe MPT crepitation grade subclassification, sensitivity was 65%, specificity was 96%, positive test predictive value was 99%, negative test predictive value was 38%, and accuracy was 99%. For a moderate MPT crepitation grade sensitivity was 77%, specificity was 44%, positive predictive value was 81%, negative predictive value was 38%, and accuracy was 81%. For a mild MPT crepitation grade sensitivity was 66%, specificity was 51%, positive test predictive value was 77%, negative test predictive value was 38%, and accuracy was 62%. Positive likelihood ratios for MPT crepitation grade subclassifications revealed a large and likely conclusive increase in the likelihood of having articular cartilage damage for the severe condition (16.25, 95% CI 9.9, 22.6), but only a minimal likelihood for ruling-in the disease for mild (1.35, 95% CI −5, 7.7) or moderate (1.38, 95% CI −5, 7.7) conditions. Having a negative test was suggestive of only a small or minimal decrease in ruling-out the disease for all conditions (0.67–0.36).ConclusionsMPT is only useful as a physical examination tool for identifying patellofemoral joint articular cartilage damage when the crepitation grade subclassification is severe.     

Periaortic hematoma at diaphragmatic crura at helical CT: sign of blunt aortic injury in patients with mediastinal hematoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate periaortic hematoma (PH) near the level of the diaphragm at abdominal computed tomography (CT) as an indirect sign of acute traumatic aortic injury after blunt trauma in patients with mediastinal hematoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1998 to 2001, 97 patients with CT evidence of mediastinal hematoma after blunt thoracic trauma were retrospectively identified at two level 1 trauma centers. The presence or absence of PH near the level of the diaphragmatic crura was retrospectively established by a blinded reviewer at each institution. Aortic injury status was determined by reviewing angiographic, surgical, and clinical records. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative productive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Among the 97 patients with mediastinal hematoma, 14 had both PH near the level of the diaphragm and aortic injury; six had aortic injuries without PH, five had PH near the level of the diaphragm without aortic injury, and 72 had no evidence of PH near the diaphragm and no aortic injury. Sensitivity for PH near the level of the diaphragm as a sign of aortic injury was 70%; specificity, 94%; positive predictive value, 74%; and negative predictive value, 92%. The positive likelihood ratio for the presence of aortic injury was 10.8, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.3. CONCLUSION: PH near the level of the diaphragmatic crura is an insensitive but relatively specific sign for aortic injury after blunt trauma. The presence of this sign at abdominal CT should prompt imaging of the thoracic aorta to evaluate potential thoracic aortic injury.     

18F-FDG符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌复发转移的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像与异机CT图像融合诊断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后放化疗后复发转移的价值.方法 对可疑复发转移的40例NSCLC患者行18F-FDG符合线路显像,并于显像前后1周内行CT扫描.用三维(3D)图像融合软件进行图像融合.结果 在18F-FDG符合线路显像与CT扫描相同的范围内,40例患者共检出病灶58处,其中恶性52处,良性6处.融合图像诊断NSCLC复发转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比分别为94.23%(49/52),5/6,93.10%(54/58),98.00%(49/50),5/8,5.65及0.07.图像融合灵敏度、准确性明显高于CT.单纯18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断效能与图像融合无差别,但与CT图像融合可明显提高对病灶的定位诊断(提高44.83%).结论 18F-FDG符合线路与CT图像融合诊断NSCLC术后放化疗后复发转移灵敏度高,定位准确,值得推广应用.     

Physical examination for partial tears of the biceps tendon

BACKGROUND: The accuracy of the physical examination for tears of the long head of the biceps remains controversial. PURPOSE: The goals were 1) to characterize the occurrence of partial tears of the long head of the biceps tendon in a group of consecutive patients, and 2) to analyze the diagnostic value of various clinical tests for pathologic lesions of the proximal biceps tendon. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Of 847 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic procedures for a variety of shoulder conditions, 40 were found at the time of arthroscopy to have partial biceps tendon tears. The average age of these 24 men and 16 women was 59 years (range, 18-83). Preoperative physical examinations had included 9 commonly used tests for shoulder examination. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and likelihood ratios for these tests. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of partial tears was 5% (40/847) of all arthroscopic procedures. The most commonly associated conditions included rotator cuff tears (85% [34/40]) and anterior instability (7.5% [3/40]). Tenderness on palpation of the long head of the biceps tendon had a sensitivity of 53%, a specificity of 54%, and a likelihood ratio of 1.13. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios for Speed's test were 50%, 67%, 8%, 96%, and 1.51, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with rotator cuff abnormality, the diagnosis of partial biceps tears cannot be made reliably with existing physical examination tests. Diagnostic arthroscopy is recommended, if clinically indicated, for potential partial tears of the long head of the biceps tendon. The treating physician should be prepared to treat unsuspected tears of the long head of the biceps tendon at the time of surgery.