供肾Remuzzi评分对肾移植受者预后的指导作用

目的分析不同Remuzzi评分供肾移植后受者/移植肾预后情况。 方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2018年11月至2020年8月接受单肾移植的81例受者临床资料。根据供肾Remuzzi评分将81例受者分为低分组(Remuzzi评分0~3分,n＝38)及高分组(43例)(Remuzzi评分4~6分,n＝43)。正态分布计量资料采用两独立样本t检验比较;非正态分布计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较。计数资料采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法比较。采用Graphpad 8.0.2绘制受者/移植肾生存曲线,并采用log-rank检验比较。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果低分组38例受者供肾Remuzzi评分为(2.23±0.87)分,高分组43例受者供肾Remuzzi评分为(4.56±0.66)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝-13.449,P<0.05)。低分组术后1、3个月血清肌酐分别为(143±92)和(136±75) μmol/L,高分组分别为(138±80)和(123±39) μmol/L,差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.237和1.031,P均>0.05)。低分组术后6个月血清肌酐[107.5(60,821) μmol/L]低于高分组[113.0 (67,224) μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(U＝-0.371,P<0.05)。低分组术后1、3和6个月估算肾小球滤过率分别为(60±24)、(59±26)和(61±27)mL/min,高分组分别为(64±25)、(64±21)和(66±20)mL/min,差异均无统计学意义(t＝-0.823、-0.903和-0.756,P均>0.05)。截至2022年2月14日,受者随访时间(29±6)个月(1~36个月)。低分组16例受者(42.1%)移植术后发生移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF),高分组12例受者(27.9%)移植术后发生DGF,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.180,P>0.05)。两组受者术后生存率差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.668,P>0.05)。两组受者移植肾存活率差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.078,P<0.05)。低分组发生DGF、低分组未发生DGF、高分组发生DGF和高分组未发生DGF受者术后生存率及移植肾存活率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。 结论Remuzzi评分作为供肾病理学评估的重要部分,为肾移植受者术后治疗提供一定指导,评分较高供肾移植后受者也能获得良好预后。     

成人双肾移植供肾病理评估体系的优化和术式改良

目的探讨优化的供肾病理评估体系和改良的术式在成人双肾移植(DKT)中的安全性、可行性, 并评估其疗效, 以期为扩大标准的供者供肾移植提供更多可供选择的方案。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年5月期间在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院实施的10例按照统一标准实施的成人DKT临床资料, 男性8例, 女性2例;年龄为(57.9±12.8)岁;体重指数(BMI)为(24.1±4.1)kg/m2;捐献类型中心脏死亡7例, 脑死亡3例;获取前血肌酐为107.6(93.3, 163.5)μmol/L。所有双供肾均行零点穿刺活检, 通过结合Banff标准和Remuzzi评分, 优化病理评估体系进行评分, 结果提示肾小球硬化左肾为2.0(1.5, 2.0)、右肾为1.5(1.0, 2.0);Remuzzi评分左肾为(4.4±1.2)分、右肾为(3.6±1.5)分。10例成人DKT受者中, 全部为男性;年龄为(43.1±9.0)岁;BMI为(22.2±1.9)kg/m2;术前群体反应性抗体(PRA)均为阴性。结果 10例受者均采用改良的术式, 双肾置于髂血管外侧, 采用不带瓣方案, 上方肾脏的肾动...     

移植肾功能恢复延迟受者供肾及移植肾活检的意义

目的 分析移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)受者进行供肾及移植肾活检对其病因诊断的价值及对治疗的指导意义.方法 回顾性分析144例DGF受者的临床表现、实验室检查特点.获取供肾进行修肾时行供肾活检,在B型超声引导下行经皮肾活检术检查移植肾,分别行组织学、免疫病理和超微病理检查.结果 (1)1994-1997年间DGF的发生率为10.16%,1998-2001年间为7.83%,2002-2005年间为7.48%,2006-2009年降至5.35%;(2)DGF受者的临床表现包括无尿(16.67%)、少尿(16.67%)和高血压(47.22%).123例行移植肾B型超声检查者中肾脏体积增大者占79.67%,血管阻力增高者占45.53%;(3)全部DGF受者均存在血肌酐(SCr)不降或下降缓慢,80例SCr为451～707μmol/L,23例SCr持续＞707μmol/L.70.83%的DGF受者尿N-乙酰-BD-氨基葡萄糖苷酶升高,54.86%的DGF受者尿蛋白定性阳性,53.47%的DGF受者尿沉渣镜检红细胞计数＞50万/ml.(4)144例中,发生急性排斥反应者占45.83%,发生钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性者占15.28%,IgA肾病者占12.50%,缺血再灌注损伤者占7.64%,移植肾组织学形态正常者占7.64%,急性肾小管坏死者占5.56%,急性间质性肾炎3.47%,移植后复发性疾病占1.39%,肾小球毛细血管内增生性病变占0.69%.(5)60.55%的受者除变更免疫抑制方案外,还进行了肾脏替代治疗.结论 尽管[GF的原因复杂,但供肾质量及移植肾早期病理改变与DGF有直接关系;移植肾活检有助临床更改治疗方案.     

基于逻辑回归算法的移植肾功能延迟恢复发生风险因素分析及预测模型的建立

目的利用机器学习算法探究与移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed graft function,DGF)发生相关的风险因素并建立预测模型。方法收集2018年1月至2020年3月华中科技大学附属同济医院器官移植研究所实施的公民逝世后捐献供肾和肾移植受者的临床资料以及供肾活检病理资料,通过贪心算法筛选与DGF发生相关的因素的贡献度,再利用逻辑回归算法建立预测模型并利用模型精确度,受试者工作特性曲线下面积(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUROC)对模型效果进行评估。结果术后DGF的发生率为21.9%。与术后DGF发生相关性较高的因素包括供者体型、末次尿素氮、冷缺血时间、供器官小动脉病变范围、慢性肾小管萎缩评分(ct)和慢性间质纤维化评分(ci)。使用上述因素建立预测模型,模型的AUROC约为0.71,预测准确率约为0.73。结论利用机器学习算法可以分析DGF发生的风险因素并建立预测模型,以供临床预测DGF的发生风险。     

零点活检对活体肾移植术后受体肾功能的预测价值

目的探讨活体肾移植供肾零点活检对受体术后1年内移植肾功能的预测价值。方法 149例活体肾移植受者,根据是否同意活检和活检是否发现异常分为3组：未活检组（63例）,活检正常组（58例）和活检异常组（28例）。受体术后平均随访8个月,比较3组间受体术后移植肾功能恢复情况。结果供肾零点活检异常率为33%,其中肾小管炎7例,肾小管萎缩5例,肾小球硬化8例,肾小球钙化3例,肾小球玻璃样变3例,肾间质炎7例,肾间质纤维化1例,系膜增生2例以及小动脉玻璃样变2例（部分病例有一种以上病理改变）。供者年龄与移植前零点活检异常相关（P〈0.05）。从术后1个月之后至术后1年内,活检异常组各时间点受体血清肌酐均高于未活检组和活检正常组（均为P〈0.05）;术后3个月,活检异常组各时间点受体肾小球滤过率均低于未活检组和活检正常组（P〈0.05）,但术后1年内3组各随访时间点的血尿素氮比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后6个月内重复测量趋势分析显示,与活检正常组比较,活检异常组的血清肌酐和肾小球滤过率的变化趋势差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0.05）,活检异常组的血清肌酐与未活检组比较差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论活体供肾零点活检结果对术后1年内特别是术后6个月内移植肾功能有预测价值,具有临床实用性。     

慢性移植肾肾病的临床病理学特点与免疫抑制剂转换治疗

目的：探讨慢性移植肾肾病（CAN）的病理学特点与临床应对策略。方法：对20例临床诊断为慢性移植肾功能减退、病理诊断为CAN者的病理资料进行系统分析，依据Banff97标准对肾小球硬化、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩及小动脉内膜炎等CAN特征性表现进行综合评分后，做出病理诊断和分层分析。20例肾移植后采用以环孢素A（CsA）为基础的免疫抑制方案，诊断为CAN后，3例转换为他克莫司（FK506）与霉酚酸酯（MMF）联用，17例转换为西罗莫司（Sir）与MMF联用，比较转换治疗前后肾功能的变化。结果：9例（45％，9／20）合并发生亚临床排斥反应，激素冲击治疗有效；20例均存在间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩与肾小球硬化。慢性移植肾功能减退对转换治疗的反应与间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩的程度无明显相关性，但与肾小球硬化率密切相关，肾小球硬化率低于30％者预后良好，超过50％者移植肾功能丧失。结论：肾小球硬化率有可能成为判断CAN病变程度和预后的指标；治疗慢性移植肾功能减退时应重视合并发生的亚临床排斥反应，撤除CsA、采用Sir与MMF联用方案值得推荐。     

肾移植术后抗体监测和移植肾病理学检查有助于早期诊断抗体介导的排斥反应

目的分析肾移植术后抗人类白细胞抗原(HLA)抗体监测和移植肾穿刺病理学检查早期诊断抗体介导的排斥反应(AMR)的必要性。方法筛选51例术后产生新生供体特异性抗体(dn DSA)的受者,检测供体特异性抗体(DSA)及其结合C1q的能力,同时进行移植肾穿刺病理诊断。对于符合AMR诊断的受者,比较分析移植肾功能不稳定组和稳定组受者的DSA类别、补体结合能力和移植肾病理组织Banff评分。对无排斥反应组、移植肾功能不稳定组和稳定组受者的移植物进行Kalan-Meier生存分析。结果在移植肾功能不稳定组和稳定组受者中,HLA抗体的不同类别、DSA的平均荧光强度(MFI)值、补体相关检测C1q结合力和C4d管周毛细血管沉积情况差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。在组织形态学损伤方面,两组在微血管炎、动脉内膜炎、肾小管-间质炎、移植肾小球病、肾小管萎缩-间质纤维化等表现的Banff评分差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。移植肾功能不稳定组受者移植物累积存活率显著低于稳定组,稳定组明显低于不符合排斥病理诊断的受者(P=0.002)。结论肾移植术后定期监测抗HLA抗体和做移植肾病理穿刺检查非常必要,有助于早期发现和诊断AMR。     

应用LifePort器官转运器改善肾移植效果的大宗临床研究(附573例报告)

目的探讨供肾脉冲灌注保存转运器(LifePort)保存心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾和扩大标准供体(ECD)供肾对肾移植术后受者肾功能恢复的影响。方法回顾性分析466例器官捐献(DCD+ECD)供者和882例肾移植受者围手术期的临床资料。根据供肾保存方式不同,将309例DCD供者的左右两侧肾脏随机分为LifePort(DCD-LP)组(309例)和DCD冷藏组(309例);132例ECD供者的双侧供肾全部采用LifePort保存并转运,设为ECD-LP组(264例)。分别观察3组受者术后总体情况、术后早期移植肾功能指标、术后并发症发生情况;对比观察肾移植术前零点穿刺肾组织病理学检查结果;比较肾移植术后有否发生移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)受者的供肾LifePort灌注参数。结果与DCD冷藏组比较,DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组受者的住院时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。DCD冷藏组、DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组围手术期的人存活率均为100%,肾存活率分别为99.7%、100%、99.2%,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与DCD冷藏组比较,DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组的DGF发生率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。3组受者的术后早期肾功能,急性排斥反应、感染和外科并发症的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。病理学检查结果显示,采用LifePort灌注能明显减轻肾小管的水肿、变性、坏死。发生DGF者的供肾LifePort灌注阻力指数明显高于未发生DGF者,而供肾LifePort灌注流量则明显低于未发生DGF者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论 LifePort能有效改善离体DCD和ECD供肾质量,降低术后DGF发生率,促进移植肾功能恢复,并可在离体肾脏维护及评估中对术后恢复情况作出预判。     

DCD供肾肾移植及免疫诱导的单中心经验总结

目的探讨DCD捐献肾脏移植的经验及免疫诱导的临床效果观察。方法分析本院于2011年12月至2013年12月完成的40例DCD捐献肾移植患者的临床资料,根据免疫诱导药物的不同,分为舒莱组(10例)、ATG组(15例)和ATG-F组(15例)。结果 40例患者中除3例出现DGF外,其余患者术后血肌酐均平稳下降,恢复正常;3组患者中均有1例发生DGF,ATG组发生急排1例,其余组无急排发生;所有组均无原发肾无功能发生;CMV发生率:舒莱组4例(40%),ATG组10例(71%),ATG-F组11例(73%);ATG组发生肺部感染1例,其余组均无肺炎发生;ATG、ATG-F组分别有5、6例出现血小板及血红蛋白下降,无其他不良反应;除ATG组肺炎患者死亡外,其余均带功存活;术后恢复正常的肾脏病理表现为肾小球及肾小管结构清晰,而DGF的活检病理表现为肾小管肿胀,部分肾小管变性坏死。结论 DCD是解决我国器官移植界瓶颈的重要手段,中国三类(DBCD)是较理想的DCD供者。免疫诱导能够有效预防急性排斥的发生,但可引起机体广泛抑制,导致潜伏的CMV复活;取肾过程中尽量缩短热缺血时间,DGF发生率较低。供肾零点活检应该成为DCD供肾肾脏移植的常规检查项目,但慎重决定取舍。     

老龄供肾在青年受者体内的病理学改变

目的研究老龄供肾在青年受者体内的病理学改变,探讨老龄供肾移植的安全性。方法研究对象选择2008年1月至2008年12月期间在广州医科大学附属第二医院移植科实施亲属活体供肾移植的14例老龄供者(年龄55岁)和14例青年受者(年龄30岁)。对每例老龄供肾进行零时活组织检查(活检),对接受老龄供肾的青年受者在移植后6个月进行常规的移植肾活检。观察老龄供肾移植后的肾脏组织病理结构改变。结果老龄供肾移植至青年受者体内6个月后组织病理结构发生改变:肾小动脉病变程度较移植前减轻;肾小动脉硬化指数较移植前减轻(P0.05);肾小球硬化比例移植前后变化不大(P0.05)。纤维连接蛋白(FN)水平较移植术前表达水平降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);层黏连蛋白(LN)表达水平较移植前降低(P0.05)。结论老龄供肾移植到青年受者体内后,其组织病理学结构有所改善。     

Procurement Biopsies Can Predict Unfavorable Outcomes in Kidneys With Low MAPI Score Values

BackgroundThere are few reports about the usefulness of Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index (MAPI) score in procurement biopsies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between histopathological analysis according to MAPI and unfavorable outcomes in the first year after kidney transplantation (KT).MethodsThis retrospective study included deceased-donor KT patients whose grafts were biopsied before transplantation and had low MAPI scores (<8) in frozen sections (FSs). Paraffin sections (PSs) were analyzed after KT. MAPI parameters were global glomerulosclerosis in more than 15% (2 patients), periglomerular fibrosis (4 patients), wall-lumen ratio of arteries >0.5 (2 patients), arteriolar hyalinosis (4 patients), and interstitial scar (3 patients). Multivariable models were used to analyze risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF), prolonged DGF, inferior renal function, and graft loss (P < .05).ResultsOne hundred fifty-nine KTs were included. Donors (n = 120) were predominantly men (70%) and young adults (37.68 ± 12.50 years old) who suffered a traumatic death (55.8%). Recipients were predominantly men (62.26%) and adults (45.70 ± 15.80 years old) with kidney disease of unknown etiology (39.6%). Low rates of agreement between FS and PS were observed for all MAPI criteria, with kappa values ranging from 0.28 to 0.51. Using FS, no histologic parameter was independently associated with outcomes. After adjustment, glomerulosclerosis was an independent risk factor for prolonged DGF (odds ratio = 6.18: 95% confidence interval, 1.27-30.18) and wall-lumen ratio >0.5 for inferior renal function at 1 year (odds ratio = 4.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-13.76).ConclusionProcurement biopsies can be useful to predict inferior outcomes even in kidneys with low MAPI scores.     

Clinical analysis on 48 cases of kidney transplantation from brain and cardiac death donors

Objective To observe the short-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from brain and cardiac death donors (DBCD) and assess its feasibility to expand organ donor pool. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 cases of kidney transplantation from DBCD.The transplant recipients had finished 12-month follow-up in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from September 2011 to February 2015, with their renal function, rejection reaction and complications at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after renal transplantation being collected. Survival rates of transplant recipients and transplant kidneys, incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and its influence for recipients and graft survival were analyzed by statistics. Results In the 48 cases, the survival rates of recipients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation were 100.0%, 100.0%, 97.9%, 95.8%, and the survival rates of transplanted kidneys were 95.8%, 95.8%, 93.8%, 91.7%, respectively. DGF occurred in 8 of 48 (17.0%), but the occurrence of DGF did not adversely influence patient's survival (P=0.524) or graft survival (P=0.362). Conclusions The short-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from DBCD are ideal. As the legislation of donation after brain death (DBD) has not been ratified in China, the kidney transplantation from DBCD could be an important way to solve the shortage of organs, and increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation.     

FTY720 and everolimus in de novo renal transplant patients at risk for delayed graft function: results of an exploratory one-yr multicenter study

Abstract:  This exploratory, multicenter, open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of FTY720, as a part of an immunosuppressive regimen, in combination with everolimus and steroids in de novo renal transplant recipients at increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF). Patients received FTY720 (5 mg) and everolimus (4 mg) 2–12 h pre-transplantation, followed by 2.5 mg/d FTY720 and concentration-controlled everolimus (4–8 ng/mL) post-transplant for 12 months. Induction therapy was prohibited. After enrollment of 56 of the planned 200 patients between 2000 and 2002, the recruitment was terminated. The primary endpoint, rate of graft loss, or death at three months was 15.4% and the biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was 42.3%. Death or graft loss at 12 months in the DGF and non-DGF arms was 36.0% and 25.9%, respectively. The mean estimated creatinine clearance at three months was 63 and 55 mL/min in the non-DGF and DGF groups, respectively, while at 12 months it was 56 mL/min in both the groups. Although there was no comparator arm, the results from this exploratory study (compared with data from other phases II and III trials) indicated no apparent benefits of FTY720-based regimens for prevention of acute rejection and preservation of renal function in renal transplant recipients at high risk of DGF.     

Inferior Early Posttransplant Outcomes for Recipients of Right Versus Left Deceased Donor Kidneys: An ANZDATA Registry Analysis

Anatomical differences between right and left kidneys could influence transplant outcome. We compared graft function and survival for left and right kidney recipients transplanted from the same deceased organ donor. Adult recipients of 4900 single kidneys procured from 2450 heart beating deceased donors in Australia and New Zealand from 1995 to 2009 were included in a paired analysis. Right kidneys were associated with more delayed graft function (DGF) (25 vs. 21% for left kidneys, p < 0.001) and, if not affected by DGF, a slower fall in serum creatinine. One‐year graft survival was lower for right kidneys (89.1 vs. 91.1% for left kidneys, p = 0.001), primarily attributed to surgical complications (66 versus 35 failures for left kidneys). Beyond the first posttransplant year, kidney side was not associated with eGFR, graft or patient survival. Receipt of a right kidney is a risk factor for inferior outcomes in the first year after transplantation. A higher incidence of surgical complications suggests the shorter right renal vein may be contributory. The higher susceptibility of right kidneys to injury should be considered in organ allocation.     

Risk factors and consequences of delayed graft function in deceased donor renal transplant patients receiving antithymocyte globulin induction

BACKGROUND: Induction rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) is largely used in renal allograft recipients at risk for delayed graft function (DGF) and immunologic rejection. The purpose of our study was to characterize risk factors and outcomes associated with DGF when it occurs in recipients undergoing routine rATG induction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience in a predominantly high-risk population receiving modern immunosuppressive regimens. RESULTS: Of 231 deceased-donor transplants, high-risk characteristics included African American race (68%), retransplants (12%), peak panel reactive antibody of atleast 20% (19%), expanded criteria donor kidney (15%), and cold ischemia time exceeding 24 hr (27%). DGF occurred in 29% of patients. rATG was continued to a dose of 7.3 mg/kg in DGF patients and 5 mg/kg in non-DGF patients (P<0.0001). Risk factors for DGF were recipient body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR]=1.5, P=0.02), female donor/male recipient pairings (OR=1.5, P=0.033), sirolimus use (OR=1.7, P=0.003), and donor creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dL (OR=1.6, P=0.016). One-year patient survival (99% non-DGF, 91% DGF; P=0.001) and acute rejection incidence through 36 months (11% non-DGF, 22.4% DGF; P=0.025) differed between groups. DGF patients experienced a higher rejection rate during the second and third years posttransplant. Death-censored graft survival was similar throughout 36 months. CONCLUSION: In kidney transplantation with routine rATG induction, DGF was related to size and gender, donor creatinine, and immunosuppressive protocol. Despite low first-year rejection rates, DGF was associated with inferior patient survival. Importantly, patients with DGF continued to be at risk for rejection beyond the first year. Donor and recipient selection impacts short-term outcomes, and induction alone may not confer a long-term advantage without further modification of baseline therapy.     

机械灌注应用在肾移植中的效果评价(附36例报道)

目的探讨机械灌注法保存供肾的临床效果。方法 2013年5月至10月,解放军第181医院肾脏科采用机械灌注保存供肾共36例。采用LKT-100型Lifeport器官灌注运输器及其配套专用的相关软件进行机械灌注保存、运输、灌注供肾。分析患者术后一般情况,机械灌注过程中阻力系数和流速与移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)发生的关系。结果 36例受者均未发生移植肾丢失。其中30例(83%)未发生DGF,移植肾功能恢复良好;6例出现DGF,经治疗术后3~18 d逐渐恢复正常。36例供肾进行机械灌注1 h,阻力系数≤0.3 mmHg/(ml·min)28例,受者术后均未发生DGF;阻力系数0.3 mmHg/(ml·min)8例,其中6例受者术后发生DGF。8例流速100 ml/min,受者均未发生DGF;21例流速60~100 ml/min,其中有1例受者发生DGF;7例流速60 ml/min,其中5例发生DGF。结论机械灌注法保存供肾能改善供肾质量,降低移植受者的DGF发生率。     

Successful Transplantation of Kidneys From Elderly Circulatory Death Donors by Using Microscopic and Macroscopic Characteristics to Guide Single or Dual Implantation

Most kidneys from potential elderly circulatory death (DCD) donors are declined. We report single center outcomes for kidneys transplanted from DCD donors over 70 years old, using preimplantation biopsy Remuzzi grading to inform implantation as single or dual transplants. Between 2009 and 2012, 43 single transplants and 12 dual transplants were performed from elderly DCD donors. Remuzzi scores were higher for dual than single implants (4.4 vs. 3.4, p < 0.001), indicating more severe baseline injury. Donor and recipient characteristics for both groups were otherwise similar. Early graft loss from renal vein thrombosis occurred in two singly implanted kidneys, and in one dual‐implanted kidney; its pair continued to function satisfactorily. Death‐censored graft survival at 3 years was comparable for the two groups (single 94%; dual 100%), as was 1 year eGFR. Delayed graft function occurred less frequently in the dual‐implant group (25% vs. 65%, p = 0.010). Using this approach, we performed proportionally more kidney transplants from elderly DCD donors (23.4%) than the rest of the United Kingdom (7.3%, p < 0.001), with graft outcomes comparable to those achieved nationally for all deceased‐donor kidney transplants. Preimplantation biopsy analysis is associated with acceptable transplant outcomes for elderly DCD kidneys and may increase transplant numbers from an underutilized donor pool.     

Significance of delayed graft function in cyclosporine-treated recipients of cadaver kidney transplants

Many transplant teams are reluctant to initiate cyclosporine immunosuppression in recipients of cadaver kidney grafts with delayed graft function (DGF). The renal function of cadaver kidney grafts in cyclosporine-treated recipients was compared in 47 recipients with DGF and 57 without DGF. Regardless of initial renal function, all recipients received prednisone, azathioprine, and oral cyclosporine 5 mg/kg/day or its intravenous equivalent. All kidneys were flushed with ice-cold intracellular electrolyte solution and cold-stored for 15-54 hr (mean of 31 hr) prior to transplantation at our hospital between April 10, 1985 and November 30, 1986. Rejection crises were treated with high-dose steroids or OKT3. Cyclosporine was discontinued during courses of OKT3. Recipients with DGF had significantly higher one-month serum creatinine nadirs (2.6 +/- 1.8 mg/dl vs. 1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/dl). Actuarial graft survivals were not significantly different at one year (82.2 +/- 5.5% vs. 82.6 +/- 6.4%, all graft losses included). Mean serum creatinine levels at six months and twelve months after grafting were not significantly different (1.7 +/- 0.4 mg/dl vs. 1.8 +/- 1.2 mg/dl and 2.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, respectively). Delayed graft function following cadaver kidney transplantation does not adversely affect intermediate term function of kidney grafts flushed with intracellular electrolyte solution and cold-stored until transplantation when a low-dose cyclosporine induction protocol is used and cyclosporine is discontinued during OKT3 administration.     

再次肾移植受者和移植肾长期预后影响因素分析

目的探究再次肾移植受者和移植肾存活情况及长期预后影响因素。 方法回顾性分析1991年1月1日至2017年12月31日于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾脏病中心接受肾移植受者临床资料。共纳入再次肾移植受者37例,首次肾移植受者5 374例。根据再次肾移植受者移植肾存活时间长短,将其分为长期存活组(19例,>5年)和短期存活组(18例,≤5年)。采用成组t检验比较长期和短期存活组供受者年龄、首次与再次肾移植间隔时间、HLA错配数和再次移植供肾冷/热缺血时间。采用卡方检验比较长期和短期存活组受者性别、再次移植供肾类型、再次移植前后群体反应性抗体阳性比例、首次移植失功移植肾切除比例、再次移植前免疫诱导比例及再次移植后移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)和急性排斥反应发生比例。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析再次和首次肾移植受者/移植肾1、5和10年存活率。采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响再次肾移植术后移植肾长期存活影响因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果截至2018年3月1日,37例再次肾移植受者中位随访时间为152个月(11～323个月),2例死亡,18例发生移植肾失功,17例移植肾功能稳定。5 374例首次肾移植受者中位随访时间为108.9个月(0.1～350.0个月),459例死亡,1 343例发生移植肾失功。再次移植组受者/移植肾1、5和10年存活率分别为86%/81%、86%/62%和82%/36%,首次移植组受者/移植肾1、5和10年存活率分别为99%/98%、93%/89%和88%/80%。再次移植组移植肾1、5和10年存活率均低于首次移植组(χ²＝60.816、25.110和43.900,P均<0.05);再次移植组受者1年存活率低于首次移植组,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝40.409,P<0.05)。长期和短期存活组受者再次移植后移植肾DGF和急性排斥反应发生比例差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝4.039和4.748,P均<0.05)。Cox回归分析结果示DGF和急性排斥反应是影响再次肾移植受者移植肾长期存活的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(RR＝4.317和4.571,P均<0.05)。 结论再次肾移植受者移植肾存活率低于首次肾移植受者,DGF和急性排斥反应是影响再次移植受者移植肾存活的独立危险因素。