医用胶原蛋白海绵治疗重度肝破裂的临床研究

目的：探讨医用胶原蛋白海绵对重度肝破裂创面的治疗作用。方法：将重度肝破裂患者以入院先后为序，随机分成治疗组（68例）和对照组（64例）。治疗组和对照组分别用医用胶原蛋白海绵片和明胶海绵片对肝创面进行止血和填塞。结果：治疗组的止血时间为(19.65±1.28)min，术中出血量为(301.57±56.18)mL均少于对照组［分别为(34.3±1.2)min及(642.3±61.8)mL］(均P<0.05)。治疗组术后腹腔引流量为(380.45±12.34)mL,并发胆瘘(1.5%)及再出血(3.0%)均少于对照组［分别为(693.2±219.4)mL,6.3%及9.5%］(均P<0.05);治疗组术后住院时间(24.01±4.89)d短于对照组(35.8±5.9)d(P<0.05)。术后CT复查显示治疗组创面肝组织修复时间(30.30+6.42)d短于对照组(62.1±7.2)d(P<0.05)。结论：胶原蛋白海绵对肝创面止血效力强于明胶海绵，与创面的黏附力强，术后并发症少，恢复快，是一种治疗肝破裂的有效、安全而可靠的生物材料。     

Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对VP-16抑制人胆管癌细胞株增殖和诱导凋亡的影响

目的:探讨bcl-2 反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对VP-16抑制人胆管癌QBC939细胞生长和诱导细胞凋亡的影响。方法:合成特异性靶向Bcl-2 ASODN，并将其转染QBC939细胞;四甲基噻唑蓝（MTT）试验检测Bcl-2 ASODN对VP-16抑制QBC939细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术观察Bcl-2 ASODN对VP-16诱导QBC939细胞凋亡的影响。结果:ASODN组细胞的存活率显著低于无义寡核苷酸（NSODN）组(P＜0.05);ASODN+VP-16组细胞存活率显著低于ASODN组及VP-16组(P＜0.05);ASODN组、ASODN+VP-16组和VP-16组细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组和NSODN组（P＜0.05);ASODN+VP-16组细胞凋亡率显著高于ASODN组及VP-16组(P＜0.05)。结论:Bcl-2 ASODN对VP-16抑制人胆管癌QBC939细胞生长和诱导细胞凋亡有促进作用。     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行胆总管切开取石30例临床观察

目的:探讨电视腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石在胆囊良性疾病合并胆管总管结石治疗中的应用效果。方法:总结分析30例胆囊良性疾病合并胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石T 形管引流治疗的临床资料。结果:28例治愈，残留结石2例（经T管再次纤维胆道镜取尽治愈）。平均住院天数9 d。结论:腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜行胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石 T 管引流术治疗胆囊良性疾病合并胆总管结石是安全、有效的。     

胆内瘘:附32例漏诊分析

目的:探讨胆内瘘术前漏诊的原因及减少漏诊的方法。方法:回顾性分析32例胆内瘘漏诊患者的临床资料,平均年龄52.1(25~72)岁,患者分别行B超,T管造影,消化道钡餐,胃镜,胆道镜,ERCP,PTC检查,所有患者均行手术治疗。结果:32例均为术前漏诊者,占同期收治的44例胆内瘘的72.73%。32例均术中确诊。结论:胆内瘘术前漏诊率高,应提高对该病的警惕性;注意寻找该病的特征性表现;尤其当B超发现有胆道积气时,应行进一步检查 如内镜和造影检查,这是提高术前诊断的重要方法。     

医源性血管损伤的救治:附24例报告

目的：总结医源性血管损伤的防治经验。方法：对3年来救治的24例各种医源性血管损伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：24例中肠系膜上动脉、静脉损伤7例，门静脉损伤3例，颈动脉损伤4例，髂、股动脉损伤6例，其他为腘动脉、腋动脉、肾动脉、胃左动脉等损伤。治疗方法：血管修补6例，血管吻合5例，血管置换2例，血管结扎3例，介入下带膜支架型人工血管封堵2例，其他为取栓、溶栓、填塞等处理。24例中22例成功治愈，1例术后24h大出血死亡，1例术后5d死亡。结论：医源性血管损伤只要高度重视，辨明解剖、充分准确、仔细操作是可以预防和减少的。一旦发生医源性血管损伤要查找原因，针对情况选择不同的处理方式，若缺乏有效的处理技术应及时求援或转院治疗。     

In sight on multiple morphological abno rmalities of sperm flagella in male infertility:what is new?

The syndrome of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella(MMAF)is a specific kind of asthenoteratozoospermia with a mosaic of flagellar morphological abnormalities(absent,short,bent,coiled,and irregular flagella).MMAF was proposed in 2014 and has attracted increasing attention;however,it has not been clearly understood.In this review,we elucidate the definition of MMAF from a systematical view,the difference between MMAF and other conditions with asthenoteratozoospermia or asthenozoospermia(such as primary mitochondrial sheath defects and primary ciliary dyskinesia),the knowledge regarding its etiological mechanism and related genetic findings,and the clinical significance of MMAF for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and genetic coun sell ng.This review provides the basic kno wledge for MMAF and puts forward some suggestions for further investigations.     

CD44V6,c-Met在原发性肝癌中的表达及其临床意义

摘要：目的:探讨黏附分子CD44V6与原癌基因c-Met共同在原发性肝癌中的表达、相关性及其与临床病理指标、复发、预后之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测50例肝癌组织及46例癌旁组织中CD44V6,c-Met的表达情况，并分析肝癌细胞中CD44V6,c-Met的表达与临床资料的关系。结果:(1)CD44V6在肝癌组织中的阳性表达率为30.0%，CD44V6表达与静脉侵犯明显有关(P<0.05)。(2)c-Met阳性表达率为52.0%，c-Met表达与Edmondson分级明显有关(P<0.05)。(3) CD44V6与c-Met表达呈有关(P<0.05)。(4)CD44V6,c-Met阳性表达患者较CD44V6,c-Met阴性表达患者术后2年内的复发率明显升高（P<0.05）；CD44V6,c-Met阳性表达组术后生存率均明显低于阴性表达组（P<0.01）。结论:CD44V6,c-Met在肝癌的发生、发展有重要作用。     

Implementation of an in-house flow cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa

An increased amount of DNA fragme ntation in the spermatozoa(SDF)is linked to male in fertility.The Sperm Chromati n Structure Assay(SCSA)is widely used for analysis of SDF.However,the current software(SCSASoftR)linked to this assay is licensed and often located within larger diagnostic centers.In this study,we present a protocol for using other types of software than SCSASoftR to determine the SDF index(DFI)with clinical relevance.This protocol is engineered after collect!ng and analyzing 254 samples from fertility patients and sperm donors over a 15-month period.DFI is analyzed using a strict protocol where the spermatozoa are treated with a strong acid(pH 1.2)followed by acridine orange.DFI is determined by a standard flow cytometric software,FACSDiva 6.1.3.Analysis of the outcome of the fertility treatment is included for 137 patients receiving either intrauterine inseminations(IUI)or timed coitus(TC).The results show that the chance of pregnancy decli nes as DFI in creases.We also found that the male DFI affects the chanee of pregnancy independent of the female age.We have shown that a standard flow cytometric software can be used when determi ning a clinical releva nt DFI.These findings are a sign ificant step toward impleme nting the an alysis as a part of the routi ne,in・house diag no sing of the male fertility patient and subseque ntly optimizing the treatme nt course of the couple with reduced human and financial costs.     

核因子-κappaB与肿瘤坏死因子α mRNA在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨核因子-κappaB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)与肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)mRNA在肝细胞癌中表达的意义。 方法：采用化学发光凝胶电泳迁移率(electrophoretic mobility shift assay,EMSA)的方法检测正常肝组织、肝血管瘤、肝癌癌灶及癌旁肝组织NF-κB的活性表达,用逆转录－聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测TNF-α mRNA的表达。结果：正常肝组织、肝血管瘤TNF-α mRNA分别为0.24±0.12和0.21±0.10,显著低于癌旁肝组织和肝癌癌灶的0.36±0.16和0.68±0.21(P<0.05);正常肝组织、肝血管瘤NF-κB未被检测到明显的活性，而癌旁肝组织、肝癌癌灶NF-κB表达与正常肝组织及肝血管瘤组织比较差异具有显著性 (P<0.05)。癌旁肝组织、肝癌癌灶TNF-α mRNA表达与NF-κB的活性呈显著正相关(r=0.773,P<0.05; r=0.838,P<0.05)。 结论：NF-κB信号传导途径异常激活及TNF-α与肝细胞癌的发生发展密切相关。     

成人美克尔憩室内翻引起肠套叠1例

患者男，36岁。半月前无明显诱因出现上腹部疼痛，呈阵发性胀痛，无放射痛，无呕吐。曾以“低位不完全性肠梗阻”住本院治疗好转后出院。近3d患者腹痛加重，呈阵发性绞痛，腹胀明显，近5h大便未解。体检：痛苦貌，心肺未发现异常，上腹部稍膨隆，偶见肠蠕动波。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

复合小剂量阿曲库铵对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵同时复合阿曲库铵用于全凭静脉诱导的起效时间。方法择期全麻手术患者80例,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组单用3ED95(0.15 mg/kg)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵作为对照组;另三组分别用3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵复合阿曲库铵0.05 mg/kg(B组)、0.10 mg/kg(C组)或0.15 mg/kg(D组)。采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测。静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼5μg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg及相应剂量肌松药,记录起效时间,进行气管插管条件评级。结果B、C、D组肌松起效时间依次加快,均明显短于A组(P<0.01),但B、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论复合小剂量阿曲库铵能缩短3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的起效时间。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

胰头癌63例临床病理分析

目的:探讨接受外科治疗的胰头癌患者的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性将根治性切除与姑息性切除手术病例进行对照,对其年龄、性别、症状、体征、围手术期情况、肿瘤标记物检查、临床病理、手术并发症、手术切除率、生存率及其影响因素进行分析。结果:63例中,52例(91.2%)获得随访,根治组中位生存时间(13.8个月)明显高于姑息组(6.2个月)(P0.05),姑息组(6.2个月)与非手术组(5.4个月)无明显差异(P0.05);根治组患者导管腺癌发生率与姑息组比较有显著差异(P0.05);T1期患者切除率高于T4期(P0.01),CA19-9数值与胰头癌可切除率无明显相关(P0.05)。结论:手术是提高胰头癌患者生存率的重要手段,具有不同临床分期的胰头癌病人手术切除率及术后生存期具有显著差异。CA19-9可作为胰头癌常规的筛查方法,但与疾病进展程度无关。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头及壶腹部癌（附97例临床分析）

为提高胰头及壶腹部癌的疗效，总结９７例胰十二指肠切除术（ＰＤ）治疗胰头及壶腹部癌的诊治经验。癌肿切除率为３４．４％，手术并发症发生率为３８．４％，手术死亡率为１１．３％，术后１、３和５年生存率分别为６８．８％、４３．１％和３０．０％。认为要提高本病早期诊断率，必须对可疑高危病人提高警惕，首选Ｂ超检查，Ｂ超和ＥＲＣＰ两项联合检查可提高本病早期诊断。