门诊医生使用基本药物的影响因素分析

目的 分析门诊医生使用基本药物的影响因素.方法 对门诊医生进行问卷调查,回收的资料经整理核对后,统一编码录入,且用SPSS 16.0对资料进行统计处理.结果 在调查的34名门诊医生中,男性占52.94％ （18/34）,女性占47.06％（16/34）;以35 ～50岁为主,占55.88％;取得中级及以上职称执业医师占82.35％;文化程度大专占55.82％;对基本药物表示支持有27人,占78.9％.年龄、学历以及职称三个因素对基本药物的使用差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.其中,年龄在35～50岁、学历高者使用基本药物频繁;中级及以上职称执业医师更倾向于使用基本药物.对基本药物的认知度和支持度的差异对药物的使用情况有统计学意义,对基本药物认知度高、职称高者都会主动要求使用基本药物（P＜0.05）,随着学历的增高,对基本药物的认知度越高,支持度越高,使用基本药物的情况越频繁.结论 在35～50岁,女性门诊医生更倾向于使用基本药物;学历在本科以上的执业医师更倾向于使用基本药物;受过专业培训,并且经常与患者沟通的门诊医生,使用基本药物高于其它类别.     

手术科室医护人员消毒隔离技术知信行的调查

目的了解医护人员对肖毒隔离技术的认识、态度、行为的现状,为医药内感染的学习、培训和管理提供依据.方法采用问卷调查方法,对本院手术科室的129名医生和护士进行调查分析.结果消毒隔离技术认知程度偏低,与职称有关(中级以上职称优于初级及其以下职称),护士对消毒隔离技术的认知程度高于医生,对传统技术的认知高于新技术;消毒隔离技术的态度和应用正确率高于认知程度,护士对消毒隔离技术的应用正确率高于医生.结论提示医院内感染教育应根据各级各类人员对消毒隔离技术的认知程度分别进行,内容应侧重消毒隔离新技术、新概念;要严格执行消毒技术规范,加强医院内感染管理,重点做好医生护士诊疗行为的现场临控.     

手术科室医护人员消毒隔离技术知信行的调查

目的了解医护人员对肖毒隔离技术的认识、态度、行为的现状 为医药内感染的学习、培训和管理提供依据.方法采用问卷调查方法 对本院手术科室的129名医生和护士进行调查分析.结果消毒隔离技术认知程度偏低 与职称有关(中级以上职称优于初级及其以下职称) 护士对消毒隔离技术的认知程度高于医生 对传统技术的认知高于新技术;消毒隔离技术的态度和应用正确率高于认知程度 护士对消毒隔离技术的应用正确率高于医生.结论提示医院内感染教育应根据各级各类人员对消毒隔离技术的认知程度分别进行 内容应侧重消毒隔离新技术、新概念;要严格执行消毒技术规范 加强医院内感染管理 重点做好医生护士诊疗行为的现场临控.     

手术科室医护人员消毒隔离技术知信行的调查

目的 了解医护人员对消毒隔离技术的认识、态度、行为的现状,为医药内感染的学习,培训和管理提供依据 方法 采用问卷调查方法,对本院手术科室的129名医生和护士进行调查分析。结果 消毒隔离技术认知程度偏低,与职称有关(中级以上职称优于初级及其以下职称),护士对消毒隔离技术的认知程度高于医生,对传统技术的认知高于新技术;消毒隔离技术的态度和应用正确率高于认知程度,护士对消毒隔离技术的应用正确率高于医生 结论 提示医院内感染教育应根据各级各类人员对消毒隔离技术的认知程度分别进行,内容应侧重消毒隔离新技术、新概念:要严格执行消毒技术规范,加强医院内感染管理,重点做好医生护士诊疗行为的现场临控     

医务人员对高危药品认知度的调查研究——巴塞尔宣言第46条释义

目的通过对某省7家三甲综合医院的药师和1家三甲综合医院的医师、护士、药师的高危药品认知调查,进一步完善医院高危药品管理制度,提高医务人员对高危药品的风险防范意识,促进临床用药安全。方法对某省7家三甲综合医院的药师及1家三甲综合医院的医师、护士、药师发放调查问卷,包括是非题(包含药品使用和药物管理)、药物接触种类、药物差错情况、成因和自我评价5部分。结果 7家三甲综合医院的药师:150名药师20道是非题的平均正确率为83.2%;大多数药师认为抗凝血药是他们在工作中接触最多,也是最易发生错误而需要加强管理的高危药品种类;药师的工作年限、职称、是否接受过相关培训等因素均对其得分产生影响;71.3%的药师认为"高危药品与其他药品相混"是其工作时最易发生差错的环节;多数药师认为自己对高危药品相关知识的了解程度"一般",76.7%的药师希望获得额外培训,同时他们的得分也相对较高。1家三甲综合医院的医务人员:168名医务人员20道是非题的平均正确率为83.0%;对工作中接触最多和最易发生错误而需要加强管理的药物以及工作时最易发生差错的环节,医师、药师和护士的选择不尽相同;除学历外,职称、工作年限、职业、是否获得过有关高危药物知识培训均对被调查者所得分数有影响,药师的得分高于护士;大多数医务人员认为自己对高危药品相关知识的了解程度"一般",且绝大多数希望获得额外培训。结论被调查者对高危药品的定义有较为清晰的认识(平均正确率均>80%),对高危药品的管理措施较为清楚(平均正确率80%左右),且多数医务人员认为须接受高危药品相关知识培训。医院可以针对药师、医师和护士的不同特点开展高危药品知识的培训,提高他们对于高危药品的认知度和警惕性,完善医院高危药品管理制度,提高临床用药安全。     

我院医务人员药品不良反应报告认知度研究

目的:了解我院医务人员对药品不良反应(ADR)报告的认知程度。方法:采取随机整群抽样法现场调查我院临床医生、临床护士和药学人员,问卷采用EPI6.04录入、SPSS11.5软件处理数据。结果:获得有效调查表1077份,回收率89.8%。我院医务人员对ADR基本知识认知度总体较好。其中药学人员较医生、护士认知度高;医务人员随着学历提高,认知得分增加,差异有统计学意义;不同工作年限、不同职称医务人员之间认知度差异均无统计学意义;我院医务人员对ADR报告态度基本端正,但也存在一些误区。结论:加强ADR知识培训,逐步提高广大医务人员ADR上报意识、鉴别能力和监测水平,尽量减少ADR发生,从而避免因ADR引发的严重后果。     

临床药学服务认知度调研

目的 调查医护人员和患者及其家属对临床药学服务工作的认知情况和需求,为临床药学工作的深人开展提供参考.方法 采用问卷调查的方法,发放调查问卷300份,收回288份,回收率为96%.分别对医师、护士、药师和患者及其家属进行调查,以现场填写的方式,请相关人员如实回答相关内容.调查结果录入EXCEL表格进行分析.结果 医师的职称及学历普遍高于护士和药师患者以城镇居民居多,文化层次均较高.药师和医师对临床药学服务的认识和倾向了解最多,绝大部分患者不知道或不了解.医师与护士的关注点主要集中在药品的适应证、用法用量、特殊人群用药和配伍禁忌4个方面,临床药师的工作,正逐步得到医护人员的欢迎和认可.结论 临床药学人员不断加强与医护人员的配合与协作,并提高自身专业技术水平,将有助于临床药学工作的深入开展.     

临床药学服务认知度调研

目的调查医护人员和患者及其家属对临床药学服务工作的认知情况和需求,为临床药学工作的深入开展提供参考。方法采用问卷调查的方法,发放调查问卷300份,收回288份,回收率为96%。分别对医师、护士、药师和患者及其家属进行调查,以现场填写的方式,请相关人员如实回答相关内容。调查结果录入EXCEL表格进行分析。结果医师的职称及学历普遍高于护士和药师患者以城镇居民居多,文化层次均较高。药师和医师对临床药学服务的认识和倾向了解最多,绝大部分患者不知道或不了解。医师与护士的关注点主要集中在药品的适应证、用法用量、特殊人群用药和配伍禁忌4个方面,临床药师的工作,正逐步得到医护人员的欢迎和认可。结论临床药学人员不断加强与医护人员的配合与协作,并提高自身专业技术水平,将有助于临床药学工作的深入开展。     

浅析内科护士执业危险因素

目的 探讨以县级以下医院内科护士的职业危险因素,了解县级以下医院内科护士对本职业危害的认知程度.方法 随机选择本地区县医院、县中医院及一家厂矿职工医院67名在职护士进行调查性收集一般资料和职业危害认知情况2项.结果 内科护士危害认知度与学历、职称、工作年限密切相关.结论 通过了解内科护理人员对本职业危害的认知程度,提出加强自我防护教育和培训,增强防护意识,强化防护技能训练,对减少职业性伤害至关重要.     

广西玉林市4家三级甲等医院临床药学工作开展现状调查

目的:了解广西玉林市三级甲等医院临床药学工作开展现状,为促进国内发展中城市及地区医疗卫生机构临床药学工作的开展提供参考。方法:采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方式,对广西玉林市4家三级甲等医院的医护人员(部分)、临床药师和药学部门负责人进行调查,并对数据进行统计和分析。结果:共发放医护人员调查问卷242份,回收有效问卷238份,有效回收率为98.35%;发放临床药师调查问卷15份,回收有效问卷15份,有效回收率为100%;对4家医院药学部门负责人的访谈完成良好。4家受访医院均有临床药师,但仅其中2家医院人数符合要求;临床药师学历均为本科及以上,无高级职称者。在临床药师职能认知方面,对于处方调剂、静脉药物配置、医院制剂、医院药品供应与管理、药品质量检测五项,均有超过50%的受访医护人员认为是临床药师的职能,而认为是自身职能的受访临床药师比例最高也不超过20%。在临床药师服务能力方面,通过访谈得知目前仅1家医院能开展万古霉素治疗药物监测;受访医护人员对本科室的临床药师工作比较满意和非常满意的共占58.82%。在开展临床药学工作面临的困难方面,受访临床药师认为参与临床工作的困难主要为自身能力不足(93.33%)和医护人员、患者的不理解(均为60.00%);在面向医护人员的信息咨询中最突出的困难为信息查询资源限制(100%)。结论:广西玉林市三级甲等医院的临床药师在工作中基本能完成其任务,临床药学工作进展情况较好,但在临床药师数量与质量、医护人员对临床药师认知、硬件设施等方面仍有较大发展空间。     

The community pharmacist as a member of a primary health care team in South Africa — perceptions of pharmacists,doctors and nurses

The growing emphasis on primary health care (PHC) has drawn increased attention to disease prevention and health promotion activities from many health professionals, among them pharmacists. This paper explores the role of the community pharmacist as a member of the PHC team in South Africa, through the perceptions of pharmacists, nurses and doctors. Data were collected by survey and interviews. The results reveal a scenario where pharmacists are eager to engage in PHC activities, whereas nurses and doctors are more cautious in their support. Although they see pharmacists as health professionals, and are of the opinion that they should play a part in the PHC team, doctors and nurses strongly protect their own domains when it comes to allocation of potential tasks. This raises some difficulties with regard to the effective implementation of PHC. Based on the South African reality and a literature review, suggestions are made to develop models of PHC centres which would potentially overcome some of the problems raised.     

Views of the Scottish general public on non-medical prescribing

Background Under UK legislation, suitably qualified non-medical professionals can practise as prescribers. Few studies have explored the views of the general public towards non-medical prescribing. Objective The aim was to explore the views of the Scottish general public on non-medical prescribing. Setting General community in Scotland. Method A pre-piloted survey was mailed to a random sample of 5,000 members of the general public in Scotland. In addition to the items on awareness of and attitudes towards non-medical prescribing, respondents were asked to ‘give any other comments, issues or concerns you have in relation to health professionals other than doctors prescribing.’ Responses were subjected to content analysis. Main outcome measures Key themes identified from content analysis. Results The overall questionnaire response rate was 37.1 % (n = 1,855) of which 27.2 % (n = 505) provided comments. Most were directly related to pharmacist prescribing (n = 312) while others referred to non-medical prescribers generically (n = 172) or other healthcare professionals (n = 79). Nine themes were identified: perception of knowledge and training; support for a limited range of non-medical prescribing; access to medical records; motivation and convenience; confidence, faith and trust; privacy and confidentiality; risks, controls and continuity of care; supervision and conflict of interest; communication and cooperation. Conclusions The findings identify support for non-medical prescribing but indicate the need for non-medical prescribers to engage more with the general public. The comments also provide insight into the challenges for non-medical prescribers, as they strive to fulfil their extended healthcare roles.     

An approach to preventing methotrexate prescribing errors in rheumatoid arthritis

Methotrexate is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and is fairly well tolerated by patients when used appropriately. However, errors do occur due to a lack of awareness of the normal dosage range and potentially serious dose related side effects of methotrexate among physicians, pharmacists, and nurses. The approach taken by one hospital to prevent methotrexate prescribing errors includes daily monitoring of methotrexate by a pharmacist, building caution flags in the order loading program of the pharmacy computer system, and educating healthcare professionals to heighten awareness when prescribing, dispensing, and administering methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. At the hospital, since the institution of these policies and education of pharmacists, nurses, and physicians, there have been no incidents of methotrexate prescribing errors.     

Non-medical prescribing

In the UK, the Medicines Act 1968 limited the legal right to prescribe medicines to doctors, dentists and veterinary surgeons. Nearly 40 years later, non-medical prescribing, the extension of prescribing responsibilities to nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, is a key development in the NHS. Within England, from May 2006, certain nurse and pharmacist prescribers can prescribe any licensed medicine (except most controlled drugs) within their sphere of competence. Here we discuss the historical context, the different types and the clinical implications of non-medical prescribing.     

Views of pharmacist prescribers,doctors and patients on pharmacist prescribing implementation

Aim The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of pharmacist supplementary prescribers, their linked independent prescribers and patients, across a range of settings, in Scotland, towards pharmacist prescribing. Method Telephone interviews were conducted with nine pharmacist prescribers, eight linked independent prescribers (doctors) and 18 patients. The setting was primary and secondary care settings in six NHS Health Board areas in Scotland. Key findings In general, all stakeholders were supportive of pharmacists as supplementary prescribers, identifying benefits for patients and the wider health care team. Although patients raised no concerns, they had little idea of what to expect on their first visit, leading initially to feelings of apprehension. Pharmacists and doctors voiced concerns around a potential lack of continued funding, inadequate support networks and continuing professional development. Pharmacists were keen to undertake independent prescribing, although doctors were less supportive, citing issues around inadequate clinical examination skills. Conclusions Pharmacists, doctors and patients were all supportive of developments in pharmacist supplementary prescribing, although doctors raised concerns around independent prescribing by pharmacists. The ability of pharmacists to demonstrate competence, to be aware of levels of competence and to identify learning needs requires further exploration.     

医务人员对细胞毒药物溢出及防护的认知和行为现状调查

目的:了解医务人员对细胞毒药物溢出及防护知识的认知和行为现状,分析存在的问题,为进一步研究防范对策提供依据。方法:设计问卷,对首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院西院区医生、药师、护士共105人进行细胞毒药物溢出及防护的认知和行为情况问卷调查。结果:调查问卷的回收率为100%,其中医生30名、药师18名、护士57名。86名(81.90%)表示知晓细胞毒药物溢出的概念。33名(31.43%)发生过细胞毒药物的破碎或溅洒,20名(19.05%)发生过细胞毒药物溅洒至人的身上。57名护士全部知晓细胞毒药物溢出防护制度,药师和医生的知晓率分别为83.33%和66.67%。在细胞毒药物溢出的防护处理方面,71名(67.62%)知晓如何防护处理,护士的知晓率较高为89.47%,医生和药师对如何防护处理的知晓率仅分别为36.67%和50.00%。在细胞毒药物溢出防护包的配置情况方面76名(72.38%)表示知晓。结论:医务人员对细胞毒药物溢出及防护的认知有待通过培训等手段进一步提高。应加强标准化操作规程的制定、培训和管理,从而保证医务人员和患者的健康。