盆腔侧壁三维重建技术引导3D腹腔镜在低位进展期直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫术中的应用

目的 探讨盆腔侧壁三维重建技术引导3D腹腔镜侧方淋巴结清扫术治疗低位进展期直肠癌的效果与安全性。方法 选择80例低位进展期直肠癌患者,根据是否应用盆腔侧壁三维重建技术,分为3D腹腔镜和2D腹腔镜各40例。两组均行直肠系膜全切除联合盆腔侧方淋巴结清扫术,3D腹腔镜采用OsiriX软件对盆腔结构进行三维重建,在3D腹腔镜下进行手术;2D腹腔镜采用2D腹腔镜进行手术。比较两组肿瘤直径、肿瘤距肛缘距离、术中清除淋巴结总数、术中切除术前未标记淋巴结数量、术中出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间。结果 3D腹腔镜组术中切除淋巴结（12.2±4.6）枚,其中阳性淋巴结（9.1±2.4）枚;2D腹腔镜组切除（9.0±3.6）枚,阳性淋巴结（6.1±1.9）枚;3D腹腔镜淋巴结切除数量较2D腹腔镜多（P<0.05）。3D腹腔镜组术中误夹组织次数（8±3）次,手术持续时间（261±55）min,均低于2D腹腔镜组（P均<0.05）。结论 盆腔侧壁三维重建引导3D腹腔镜下侧方淋巴结清扫术较2D腹腔镜手术节省手术操作时间,减少组织误伤,提高淋巴结清除数量,减少淋巴结遗留,特别适合髂内区存在转移淋巴结的...     

腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术39例报告

腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术是指在一次腹腔镜手术中同时处理两种或两种以上腹腔内病灶的手术方法，它充分地利用了腹腔镜微创、灵活、远距离操作及术中明确诊断的优势，拓宽了腹腔镜手术的临床应用范围，避免了传统多脏器手术长切口或多切口给患者造成的创伤与痛苦，弥补医生术前诊断不明的不足。我们从1994年10月到2003年6月完成腹腔镜多脏器联合手术39例，占同期腹腔镜手术的1．7％。     

应用重叠式三角吻合技术的3D完全腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的近期疗效分析

目的比较应用重叠式三角吻合技术的3D与2D完全腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的近期疗效资料,探讨重叠式三角吻合技术在3D完全腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中的可行性和安全性。 方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院2017年5月至2018年10月收治的67例右半结肠恶性肿瘤患者的资料,其中行2D完全腹腔镜右半切除术的患者35例,设为2D组;行3D完全腹腔镜右半切除术的患者32例,设为3D组。对比其手术及术后恢复情况、病理情况以及围手术期并发症等。 结果两组之间,3D组手术时间、消化道重建时间明显小于2D组（均P<0.05）,但术中出血量、手术切口长度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后行走时间、排气时间、排便时间、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。两组在肿瘤大小、远近切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数目、肿瘤TNM分期等方面,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率分别为6.2%和5.7%,差异亦无统计学意义（P=0.928）。 结论重叠式三角吻合技术在3D完全腹腔镜右半结肠切除术切实可行,安全可靠,具有满意的近期疗效。与2D腹腔镜手术相比,在3D腹腔镜下可明显缩短手术时间和消化道重建时间。     

3D立体成像腹腔镜下行宫颈癌根治手术的护理配合

目的探讨3D立体成像腹腔镜下广泛性子官切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫手术的护理配合措施。方法对52例3D腹腔镜下行广泛性子官切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫手术的护理配合过程进行总结。结果 52例3D腹腔镜下广泛性子官切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫均顺利完成手术,手术时间为180~250 min,术中出血量为100~200 ml;无并发症发生,木后恢复良好。结论使用3D腹腔镜,术野显示清晰、立体,手术配合更加准确、精细,手术时间明显缩短。     

3D腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术八例治疗体会

目的探讨3D高清腹腔镜在食管裂孔疝修补术中的临床应用价值。 方法对徐州医学院附属淮安医院2014年11月至2015年2月,行3D腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术8例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中3例予以单纯缝合,5例使用补片。 结果8例均顺利进行3D腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补手术,无中转及死亡病例,平均手术时间为(110±18)min,平均出血量为(28±13)ml,恢复流质饮食时间为(2.0±0.3)d,平均住院时间为(8.9±2.5)d,无严重术后并发症的发生,术后1个月临床症状完全消失,未出现疝复发。 结论3D高清腹腔镜能实现精细化操作,使用3D腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补手术更方便,手术质量更高,并发症更少,并取得良好的近期疗效。     

8例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术配合体会

胆囊结石、胆囊息肉是腹部外科常见病。既往我院主要以开腹胆囊切除为主要方式。但此术式存在着创伤大，病程长等不足。自2003年6月以来我们成功开展腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。它具有创伤小，术中出血少，术后疼痛轻等特点。弥补了传统术式的不足。现将手术配合体会总结如下     

不同剂量右美托咪定对老年腹腔镜下结直肠癌术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量右美托咪定对老年腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术术后认知功能的影响。方法选取2010年10月至2014年5月该院收治的88例择期全麻下拟行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术老年患者,随机分为4组,每组22例;D1组、D2组、D3组分别给予右美托咪定0.5、0.8、1.0μg·kg-1·h-1,对照组给予等容量0.9%氯化钠注射液,采用MMSE量表对老年患者手术后的认知功能进行评定。结果对照组及D1组治疗后MMSE评分明显低于治疗前(P0.05);D2组和D3组术后的MMSE评分与术前无明显差异(P0.05)。D2组、D3组患者高血压以及窦性心律过缓的发生率均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。术后,D1组、D2组、D3组和对照组患者认知功能障碍的发生率分别为31.82%(7/22)、4.55%(1/22)、0%(0/22)、36.36%(8/22),D2组、D3组患者认知功能障碍的发生率显著低于对照组和D1组(P0.05),D1组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪啶应用于老年腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术镇痛,在改善术后认知功能方面具有明显的优势,但在使用过程中,建议采取低于1.0μg/kg剂量给药,并密切监测生命体征。     

腹腔镜下往复式右半结肠D3/CME根治术

目的随着腹腔镜右半结肠D3/CME根治手术逐渐成为发展趋势,为更好克服D3根治术SMV前方淋巴结清扫的困境,本文介绍一种易于操作的往复式推进术式。 方法该新手术方式具有下列2个特点：自尾侧向头侧多次往复式分离并以胰腺颈部下缘为终点,先于左侧缘显露SMV全长再处理静脉属支。回顾2012~2015年采用本方法的58例患者术中术后指标,评估其安全性及可行性。 结果2例患者因腹腔粘连中转,余58例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间164±28.3 min,出血量64±63.5 ml,清扫淋巴结数目28±13.9个,术后无严重并发症及围手术期死亡。 结论腹腔镜下往复式右半结肠D3/CME根治术时简单、安全且可行的,为解决SMV静脉属支变异带来的手术困难提供了更安全的新的手术入路方式。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术对进展期胃癌患者围术期手术疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的探讨进展期胃癌患者行腹腔镜与开腹手术围术期手术疗效以及手术对患者免疫功能的影响。方法以该院于2013年1月至2014年6月确诊的进展期胃癌患者148例,采用随机数字表法将随机分为两组,腹腔镜组78例行腹腔镜辅助下胃癌D2根治术,开腹组70例行开腹D2根治术,分析两组患者术后临床指标的恢复情况及手术对患者免疫指标的影响。结果腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间和术后住院时间低于开腹组(P<0.05);术后第7天,腹腔镜组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+均高于开腹组(P<0.05);两组内比较,术后第1、7天,两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+较术前1 d均有所下降,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术后第1天CD4+/CD8+较术前1 d有所下降,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第7天,两组间免疫球蛋白(Ig)A无差异(P>0.05),究其原因可能是Ig A指标在术后不能敏感反映机体体液免疫,腹腔镜组Ig G和Ig M高于开腹组(P<0.05),两组内比较,术后第1、7天均高于术前1天(P<0.05),到术后第7天腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P<0.01)。结论进展期胃癌患者行腹腔镜手术的近期临床疗效明显优于开腹手术,且对围术期机体的创伤小、术后机体免疫功能的恢复情况也具有明显的优势,可作为临床首选治疗措施进行推广应用。     

腹腔镜下胆肠内瘘的诊治探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆肠内瘘的诊断及治疗措施。方法对5年间术中发现14例胆肠内瘘患者的临床资料作回顾性分析，评价术中诊断、处理方法以及临床疗效。结果全部病例均在腹腔镜手术中确诊，11例胆囊十二指肠瘘，3例胆囊结肠瘘，均在腹腔镜下完成手术，平均手术时间约100min；术后1周左右治愈出院，无手术并发症发生。结论对于胆肠内瘘，腹腔镜手术在诊断和治疗上是一种安全有效的方法。     

Application of 3D printing technology combined with PBL teaching model in teaching clinical nursing in congenital heart surgery: A case-control study

We aimed to explore the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching model in clinical nursing education of congenital heart surgery, and to further improve the teaching quality of clinical nursing in congenital heart surgery. In this study, a total of 132 trainees of clinical nursing in congenital heart surgery from a grade-A tertiary hospital in 2019 were selected and randomly divided into 3D printing group or traditional group. The 3D printing group was taught with 3D printed heart models combined with PBL teaching technique, while the traditional group used conventional teaching aids combined with PBL technique for teaching. After the teaching process, the 2 groups of nursing students were assessed and surveyed separately to evaluate the results. Compared to the traditional group, the theoretical scores, clinical nursing thinking ability, self-evaluation for comprehensive ability, and teaching satisfaction from the questionnaires filled by the 3D printing group were all higher than the traditional group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). Our study has shown the 3D printing technology combined with the PBL teaching technique in the clinical nursing teaching of congenital heart surgery achieved good results.     

Artificial intelligence assisted display in thoracic surgery: development and possibilities

In this golden age of rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), researchers and surgeons realized that AI could contribute to healthcare in all aspects, especially in surgery. The popularity of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and the improvement of the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) not only bring opportunities for thoracic surgery but also bring challenges on the way forward. Preoperatively localizing lung nodules precisely, intraoperatively identifying anatomical structures accurately, and avoiding complications requires a visual display of individuals’ specific anatomy for surgical simulation and assistance. With the advance of AI-assisted display technologies, including 3D reconstruction/3D printing, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), computer tomography (CT) imaging in thoracic surgery has been fully utilized for transforming 2D images to 3D model, which facilitates surgical teaching, planning, and simulation. AI-assisted display based on surgical videos is a new surgical application, which is still in its infancy. Notably, it has potential applications in thoracic surgery education, surgical quality evaluation, intraoperative assistance, and postoperative analysis. In this review, we illustrated the current AI-assisted display applications based on CT in thoracic surgery; focused on the emerging AI applications in thoracic surgery based on surgical videos by reviewing its relevant researches in other surgical fields and anticipate its potential development in thoracic surgery.     

3D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中植物神经保护的研究

随着腹腔镜技术的迅速发展,腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（TME）已成为直肠癌的标准手术。然而,低、中位直肠癌患者术后膀胱功能及性功能障碍的发生率仍较高。如何避免盆腔自主神经损伤尤为重要。与传统的二维腹腔镜手术相比,三维腹腔镜手术还原了真实的三维视野、出现了纵深感,能更清晰地显示直肠周围层,减少盆腔自主神经损伤。近两年来本中心开展了3D腹腔镜下TME手术千余例。本文将探讨三维腹腔镜手术中自主神经保护的经验和技巧,包括盆腔自主神经解剖、手术方法的选择和手术中的要点。     

Application of 3-dimensional printing technology combined with guide plates for thoracic spinal tuberculosis

Background:To explore the accuracy and security of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with guide plates in the preoperative planning of thoracic tuberculosis and the auxiliary placement of pedicle screws during the operation.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 60 cases of thoracic tuberculosis patients treated with 1-stage posterior debridement, bone graft fusion, and pedicle screw internal fixation in the Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital from March 2017 to February 2019. There were 31 males and 29 females; age: 41 to 52 years old, with an average of (46.6 ± 2.0) years old. According to whether 3D printing personalized external guide plates are used or not, they are divided into 2 groups: 30 cases in 3D printing group (observation group), and 30 cases in pedicle screw placement group (control group). A 1:1 solid model of thoracic spinal tuberculosis and personalized pedicle guide plates was created using the 3D printing technology combined with guide plates in the observation group. Stability and accuracy tests were carried out in vitro and in vivo. 30 patients in the control group used conventional nail placement with bare hands. The amount of blood loss, the number of fluoroscopy, the operation time, and the occurrence of adverse reactions related to nail placement were recorded. After the operation, the patients were scanned by computed tomography to observe the screw position and grade the screw position to evaluate the accuracy of the navigation template. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year. Visual Analogue Scale scores, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were evaluated before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery.Results:Sixty patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months after surgery. One hundred seventy-five and 177 screws were placed in the 3D printing group and the free-hand placement group, respectively. The rate of screw penetration was only 1.14% in the 3D-printed group (all 3 screws were grade 1) and 6.78% in the free-hand nail placement group (12 screws, 9 screws were grade 1 and 3 screws were grade 2). The difference was statistically significant (P = .047). The operation time of the 3D printing group ([137.67 ± 9.39] minutes), the cumulative number of intraoperative fluoroscopy ([4.67 ± 1.03] times), and the amount of intraoperative blood loss ([599.33 ± 83.37] mL) were significantly less than those in the manual nail placement group ([170.00 ± 20.48] minutes, [9.38 ± 1.76] times, [674.6 ± 83.61] mL). The differences were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in VAS score and Oswestry disability index score between the 2 groups of patients before operation, 3 and 6 months after operation (P > .05).Conclusion:The 3D printing technology combined with guide plate is used in thoracic spinal tuberculosis surgery to effectively reduce the amount of bleeding, shorten the operation time, and increase the safety and accuracy of nail placement.     

内镜下支架放置术解除老年人结石性胆总管梗阻的疗效评价

目的 探讨内镜下支架放置术治疗老年人胆总管结石的应用价值。方法 对52例老年胆总管结石患者（70－89岁）进行回顾性分析，根据所行治疗方式分胆总管支架放置组（支架组，28例）和胆总管探查手术组（手术组，24例）。2组患者具有基本相同的临床特征。术后随访14－85个月。结果 支架组患者手术全部成功；手术组有1例于术后第3天死于呼吸循环衰竭，手术死亡率为4．2％。支架组和手术组早期并发症发生率分别为14．4％和33．3％（P＜0．01）；晚期并发症发生率分别为39．3％和12．5％（P＜0．01），支架组有2例死于晚期并发症，病死率为7．1％，其中1例为急性化脓性胆管炎，1例为肝脓肿。结论 对老年人胆总管结石患者行胆总管内支架放置术为一种安全、有效的治疗手段，但远期疗效较差。只要患者身体条件允许，早期行胆总管探查术仍应为治疗手段的首选。     

3D打印心血管模型体外手术模拟在经导管主动脉瓣置换手术教学中的应用

目的 探究3D打印心血管模型体外手术模拟在经导管主动脉瓣置换（TAVR）教学中的应用效果。 方法 选取2021年3月～2021年9月参加西京医院心血管外科举办的瓣膜介入治疗培训班40名学员为教学对象，分为教学实验组和对照组。对照组（25人）采用理论授课+手术直播教学方法，教学实验组（15人）采用理论授课+ 3D打印心血管模型体外手术模拟教学方法，两组教学学时一致。培训班课程结束后对两组学员进行考核比较。 结果 考核采用的试卷主要从三个方面进行测试评价，即手术适应症和禁忌症（30分）、影像学评估（30分）和标准化手术操作流程（40分）。在手术适应症和禁忌症方面，两组学员考试成绩无明显差异；影像学评估方面，两组学员成绩无明显差异；标准化手术操作流程方面，教学实验组学员的成绩明显高于对照组（P < 0.01）。从总成绩方面，教学实验组学员的成绩明显高于对照组（P < 0.01）。课程结束后调查问卷结果显示，3D打印心血管模型进行体外手术模拟这种教学方法更能提高学习兴趣、提高团队协作能力、提高分析问题能力、增加师生互动、利于实际工作能力，并且有更高比例的学员喜欢该教学方式（均P < 0.05）。对照组考核结束后补充3D打印心血管模型体外手术模拟视频教学，再次考核后两组成绩无明显差异，充分保证了教学公平。 结论 在TAVR手术教学方面，采用3D打印心血管模型体外模拟手术过程的教学方式对于提高学员手术掌握程度和学习效率方面有重要作用。     

3D与2D腹腔镜直肠癌根治术近期疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价3D与2D腹腔镜在直肠癌根治术的近期临床疗效。 方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CNKI、WanFang和VIP国内外数据库中比较3D与2D腹腔镜直肠癌根治术近期疗效的文献,并搜集相关文献的参考文献,检索时间从数据库建立至2019年3月1日。运用Review Manager 5.2软件对相关指标进行Meta分析。 结果最终纳入11个研究,包含2个随机对照研究（RCT）,9个非RCT,共1 169例患者纳入分析,其中3D腹腔镜组601例,2D腹腔镜组568例。3D腹腔镜组术中出血量（P<0.00001）、手术时间（P<0.00001）、首次排气时间（P<0.0001）、住院时间（P=0.04）、并发症发生率（P=0.04）、淋巴结获取数目（P<0.00001）均优于2D腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义。两组中转开腹、环周切缘（CRM）阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。手术时间的漏斗图提示无发表偏倚（P=0.693）。 结论与2D腹腔镜直肠癌手术相比,3D腹腔镜同样能够达到直肠癌根治性切除,且具有手术时间短、术中失血量少、术后并发症低、住院时间短、清扫淋巴结数目多等优势。     

一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核疗效探讨

选择2006年1月至2015年1月湖北省宜都市第一人民医院采用一期前路病灶清除、钛网植骨融合及后路内固定治疗的胸腰椎结核患者45例;其中男20例,女25例;年龄23~72岁,平均(46.02±10.13)岁;胸椎结核20例,胸腰段结核10例,腰椎结核8例,腰骶段结核7例;对患者手术时间、术中出血量,手术前后的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Frankel分级、脊柱后凸角、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)变化,以及并发症发生和植骨融合情况进行评价。45例患者平均手术时间(230.27±15.86)min,术中出血(489.89±35.87)ml。患者术前VAS评分为(7.50±1.13)分,术后3个月随访时降低至(0.89±1.67)分,差异有统计学意义(t=22.23,P<0.001)。术后神经功能改善情况Frankel分级为:术前7例B级患者中,4例恢复至E级,3例恢复至D级;术前8例C级和15例D级患者全部恢复至E级。脊柱后凸角度术前为(33.93±7.01)°,术后3个月降低至(15.07±3.45)°,差异有统计学意义(t=16.20,P<0.001);ESR由术前的(69.75±14.62)mm/1h降低至术后3个月的(13.16±5.27)mm/1h,差异有统计学意义(t=23.81,P<0.001)。45例患者随访24~70 个月,术后均无严重并发症发生,植骨均获得融合,无内固定松动及断裂出现。作者认为,一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨联合后路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核能有效矫正脊柱畸形,重建脊柱稳定性,提高脊柱结核的治愈率。     

Traditional surgical planning of liver surgery is modified by 3D interactive quantitative surgical planning approach: a single-center experience with 305 patients

BACKGROUND: Decision making and surgical planning are to achieve the precise balance of maximal removal of target lesion, maximal sparing of functional liver remnant volume, and minimal surgical invasiveness and therefore, crucial in liver surgery. The aim of this prospective study was to validate the accuracy and predictability of 3D interactive quantitative surgical planning approach (IQSP), and to evaluate the impact of IQSP on traditional surgical plans based on 2D images.METHODS: A total of 305 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy were included in this study. Surgical plans were created by traditional 2D approach using picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and 3D approach using IQSP respectively by two groups of physicians who did not know the surgical plans of the other group. The two surgical plans were submitted to the chief surgeon for selection before operation. The specimens were weighed. The two surgical plans were compared and analyzed retrospectively based on the operation results.RESULTS: The two surgical plans were successfully developed in all 305 patients and all the 3D IQSP surgical plans were selected as the final decision. Total 278 patients successfullyunderwent surgery, including 147 uncomplex hepatectomy and 131 complex hepatectomy. Twenty-seven patients were withdrawn from hepatectomy. In the uncomplex group, the two surgical plans were the same in all 147 patients and no statistically significant difference was found among 2D calcu-lated resection volume (2D-RV), 3D IQSP calculated resection volume (IQSP-RV) and the specimen volume. In the complex group, the two surgical plans were different in 49 patients (49/131, 37.4%). According to the significance of differences, the 49 different patients were classified into three grades. No statistically significant difference was found between IQSP-RV and specimen volume. The coincidence rate of territory analy-sis of IQSP with operation was 92.1% (93/101) for 101 patients of anatomic hepatectomy.CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy and predictability of 3D IQSP were validated. Compared with traditional surgical planning, 3D IQSP can provide more quantitative information of ana-tomic structure. With the assistance of 3D IQSP, traditional surgical plans were modified to be more radical and safe.