蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑梗死发病危险因素分析

目的分析蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后继发迟发性脑梗死的发病危险因素。方法回顾性分析84例SAH后迟发性脑梗死患者的临床资料,观察年龄、性别、吸烟、病史、用药情况等与迟发性脑梗死的关系。结果 SAH患者发生迟发性脑梗死与患者年龄、性别、血压无关（P均〉0.05）,与患者吸烟史、糖尿病史、脑梗死史及未使用钙离子拮抗剂有关（P均〈0.05）。结论吸烟史、糖尿病史、脑梗死病史及未使用钙离子拮抗剂可能是SAH后迟发性脑梗死的危险因素。     

结直肠息肉经内镜下摘除后急性出血的危险因素分析

目的探讨结直肠息肉经内镜下摘除后急性出血的危险因素。方法选择2011年1月-2014年2月在重庆市第五人民医院就诊的结直肠息肉患者272例,所有患者均行内镜下息肉摘除术,共摘除息肉305个,根据出血情况将患者分为出血组与未出血组,对临床资料进行整理,使用非条件二元Logistic回归模型对急性出血危险因素进行分析。结果出血组患者收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平明显高于未出血组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。出血组患者息肉3 cm时,无蒂息肉患者比例明显大于未出血组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、息肉大小、息肉类型经单因素方差分析可纳入Logistic回归模型,Logistic回归分析结果显示收缩压(OR=5.567)、舒张压(OR=2.274)、总胆固醇(OR=1.564)、甘油三酯(OR=1.957)、低密度脂蛋白(OR=2.196)、息肉大小(OR=3.643),息肉类型(OR=3.945)为摘除后急性出血的危险因素。结论血压、血脂、息肉大小、息肉类型均为结直肠息肉经内镜下摘除后急性出血的危险因素。     

留置金属夹预防结肠小息肉内镜黏膜切除术后迟发性出血的价值研究

目的探讨直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉行内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR）后,留置金属夹对于预防息肉切除术后迟发性出血（delayed post-polypectomy bleeding,DPPB）的价值。方法将2017年1月—2019年12月于黑龙江省医院消化病院因直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉拟行EMR的患者,根据计算机产生的随机序列表分为术后留置金属夹组(A组)和未留置金属夹组（B组）,对比两组术后迟发性出血的相关情况。结果共纳入1 838例患者,A组912例,B组926例。两组术后迟发性出血发生率分别为1.00%（9/912）和1.10%（10/926）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.039,P＞0.05）。两组出血息肉个数比例为 0.44%（9/2 029）和0.49%（10/2 025）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.055,P>0.05）。6~9 mm息肉（OR=11.032,95%CI：2.545~47.821,P＜0.05）是无蒂结直肠息肉EMR术后迟发性出血的独立危险因素。结论10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉EMR治疗后,留置金属夹并未显著降低术后迟发性出血的风险。     

胃内镜黏膜下剥离术后迟发性出血的研究进展

目的 内镜黏膜下剥离术(Endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)是一种治疗早期胃癌较为安全、微创的方法、近几年ESD治疗胃部病变的疗效逐渐得到认可、逐渐成为胃部癌前病变、早期癌症、间质瘤等的一线疗法。但ESD会引起出血、穿孔、狭窄等术后并发症,术后迟发性出血是ESD主要的不良事件之一,如不能及时发现并治疗,可能引以失血性休克等严重后果,威胁患者生命健康。因此,了解胃ESD术后迟发性出血的相关危险因素、做好预防措施至关重要。本文就胃ESD术后迟发性出血相关危险因素、预防及治疗研究进展做一综述。     

结直肠息肉切除后并发出血的研究进展

随着我国经济社会的发展,结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率在我国呈现出逐年上升的趋势,目前是我国发病率第四位的肿瘤。结直肠镜检查及内镜下息肉切除术是降低结直肠癌发病率和死亡率的重要手段]。出血、术后电凝综合征、穿孔和腹部不适是内镜下结直肠息肉切除术的主要并发症,其中以出血最常见。结直肠息肉切除后出血会引起一系列不良事件,包括：病人急诊观察、再次入院、重复内镜检查、内镜下止血、输血、血管造影栓塞甚至外科手术结直肠切除,对医院及患者而言均是较大的负担,本文对结直肠息肉切除后并发出血的研究进展做一综述,重点讨论结肠息肉切除后出血的流行病学、出血相关危险因素、出血后处置方法及预防出血措施,以期加深临床医师对此种并发症的认识,从而更好的指导临床工作。     

结直肠息肉癌变的内镜下表现、治疗及癌变因素分析

目的探讨结直肠息肉癌变的内镜下表现,分析癌变相关因素和治疗策略。方法回顾性分析经电子结肠镜检查或治疗的77例结直肠癌变息肉患者的临床、内镜及病理资料,探讨影响结直肠息肉癌变的相关因素及其内镜下治疗策略。结果77例癌变结直肠息肉中,9例伴发结肠癌。60例有临床症状,症状发生率为77．9％（60／77）。息肉癌变主要分布在乙状结肠,多发生于年龄超过60岁的老年患者,绒毛状腺瘤癌变率最高。行电子结肠镜电切法切除44例,其中完全切除38例。结论年龄〉60岁患者和乙状结肠息肉癌变发生率明显增高,选择性对属于原位癌或早期浸润癌的癌变息肉行电子结肠镜下切除是安全有效的。     

圈套器辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃肠道息肉后迟发性出血的风险因素分析

目的 探究圈套器辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃肠道息肉后迟发性出血(DPPB)的风险因素,并建立预测DPPB风险的列线图模型.方法 选择2018年5月至2020年11月在我院行圈套器辅助ESD治疗胃肠道息肉的226例患者,其中DPPB患者10例(DPPB组)、未出血患者216例(未出血组).分别比较两组患者的临床...     

大肠息肉高频电切除术后迟发性出血四例报告

迟发性出血在大肠息肉高频电切除术后发生率低，但危害较大，我院发生４例，采用不同方法均顺利止血，现报告如下。临床资料：４例均为住院患者，男性，２７岁～３８岁。大肠单发息肉２例，多发性息肉２例，其中１例乙状结肠密集１５颗息肉；息肉大小０．５～２．０cm。全部病例均在术前查血常规及出、凝血时间正常，并每日肌肉注射维生素K１２０mg，３d后行内镜下高频电凝电切术，息肉切除后均留下白色电凝面，观察１～３min无出血后退镜。术后进流质饮食１～３d，常规应用止血敏、止血芳酸及抗生素。出血发生时间为息肉切除术后４８h～７…     

内镜下胃黏膜剥离术后出血的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨胃黏膜病变经内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后出血情况及其相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析自2009年1月至2011年10月间215例因胃黏膜病变行ESD患者的相关临床、内镜及病理资料,统计分析以下相关因素:(1)患者相关因素:如性别、年龄、伴发高血压、糖尿病及其他慢性病,既往服用抗凝药物等情况;(2)病变相关因素:病变大小、部位,表面溃疡或瘢痕情况,大体形态,病理类型;(3)操作相关因素:整块切除情况,创面喷洒猪源纤维蛋白粘合剂,操作时间等因素.结果 纳入研究病例对应病变共有223处,有13例患者(13处病变)发生ESD术后出血,其中7例(53.8％)于术后24h内发生出血,5例(38.5％)于术后1周内发生出血,1例(7.7％)发生于术后第16天.通过单因素与多因素分析,病变长度≥5.0 cm(OR值8.663,95％CI:2.081 ～ 36.075)是ESD术后出血的独立危险因素.结论 病变大小为ESD术后出血的独立危险因素,对于较大病变,ESD术中与术后应予重视,同时应优化ESD术前评估使病变最小化以预防术后出血.     

结直肠腺瘤内镜下摘除后再发的危险因素分析

目的 评估内镜下摘除后结直肠腺瘤(CRA)再发的危险因素,为内镜治疗后监控策略的选择提供更多依据.方法 选择2017年1月至2018年12月成都市第六人民医院接受内镜下CRA摘除治疗患者220例,回顾性分析CRA摘除后(12(1)月内CRA复发情况及影响因素.结果 220例患者CRA摘除后12个月,内镜复查检出CRA ...     

Risk factors for local recurrence and appropriate surveillance interval after endoscopic resection

BACKGROUND Risk factors for local recurrence after polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR), and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) have not been identified.Additionally, the appropriate interval for endoscopic surveillance of colorectal tumors at high-risk of local recurrence has not been established.AIM To clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of recurrent lesions after endoscopic colorectal tumor resection and determine the appropriate interval.METHODS Three hundred and sixty patients(1412 colorectal tumors) who underwent polypectomy, EMR, or ESD and received endoscopic surveillance subsequently for more than one year to detect local recurrence were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological factors associated with local recurrence were determined via univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS Local recurrence was observed in 31 of 360(8.6%) patients [31 of 1412(2.2%)lesions] after colorectal tumor resection. Piecemeal resection, tumor size of more than 2 cm, and the presence of villous components were associated with colorectal tumor recurrence after endoscopic resection. Of these three factors, the piecemeal resection procedure was identified as an independent risk factor for recurrence. Colorectal tumors resected into more than five pieces were associated with a high risk of recurrence since the average period from resection torecurrence in these cases was approximately 3 mo. The period to recurrence in cases resected into more than 5 pieces was much shorter than that in those resected into less than 4 pieces(3.8 ± 1.9 mo vs 7.9 ± 5.0 mo, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Local recurrence of endoscopically treated colorectal tumors depends upon the outcome of first endoscopic procedure. Piecemeal resection was the only significant risk factor associated with local recurrence after endoscopic resection.     

Predictors of re-bleeding after endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding

AIM: To predict the re-bleeding after endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES) bleeding.METHODS: Over a 15-year period, data from 161 patients with delayed post-ES bleeding were retrospectively collected from a single medical center. To identify risk factors for re-bleeding after initial successful endoscopic hemostasis, parameters before, during and after the procedure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were analyzed. These included age, gender, blood biochemistry, comorbidities, endoscopic diagnosis, presence of periampullary diverticulum, occurrence of immediate postES bleeding, use of needle knife precut sphincterotomy, severity of delayed bleeding, endoscopic features on delayed bleeding, and type of endoscopic therapy.RESULTS: A total of 35 patients(21.7%) had rebleeding after initial successful endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-ES bleeding. Univariate analysis revealed that malignant biliary stricture, serum bilirubin level of greater than 10 mg/d L, initial bleeding severity, and bleeding diathesis were significant predictors of rebleeding. By multivariate analysis, serum bilirubin level of greater than 10 mg/d L and initial bleeding severity remained significant predictors. Re-bleeding was controlled by endoscopic therapy in a single(n = 23) or multiple(range, 2-7; n = 6) sessions in 29 of the 35 patients(82.9%). Four patients required transarterial embolization and one went for surgery. These five patients had severe bleeding when delayed post-ES bleeding occurred. One patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis died from re-bleeding.CONCLUSION: Re-bleeding occurs in approximately one-fifth of patients after initial successful endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-ES bleeding. Severity of initial bleeding and serum bilirubin level of greater than 10 mg/d L are predictors of re-bleeding.     

Large endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal tumors exceeding 4 cm

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)for large colorectal tumors exceeding 4 cm(LCRT)undergoing piecemeal resection. METHODS:From January 2005 to April 2008,146 digestive tumors larger than 2 cm were removed with the EMR technique in our department.Of these,34 tumors were larger than 4 cm and piecemeal resection was carried out on 26 colorectal tumors.The mean age of the patients was 71 years.The mean follow-up duration was 12 mo. RESULTS:LCRTs were located in ...     

Risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection

AIM: To clarify the risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). METHODS: A total of 297 consecutive patients who underwent EMR were enrolled. Some of the patients had multiple lesions. Bleeding requiring endoscopic treatment was defined as bleeding after EMR. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated by logistic regression with multivariate adjustments for covariates, were the measures of association. RESULTS: Of the 297 patients, 57 (19.2%) patients with bleeding after EMR were confirmed. With multivariate adjustment, the cutting method of EMR, diameter, and endoscopic pattern of the tumor were associated with the risk of bleeding after EMR. The multivariate-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR using endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy was 3.07 (95%CI, 1.59-5.92) compared with strip biopsy. The multiple-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR for the highest quartile (16-50 mm) of tumor diameter was 5.63 (95%CI, 1.84-17.23) compared with that for the lowest (4-7 mm). The multiple-adjusted OR for bleeding after EMR for depressed type of tumor was 4.21 (95%CI, 1.75-10.10) compared with elevated type. CONCLUSION: It is important to take tumor characteristics (tumor size and endoscopic pattern) and cutting method of EMR into consideration in predicting bleeding after EMR.     

结直肠肿瘤内镜黏膜下层剥离术穿孔的临床危险因素

目的 探讨和分析结直肠肿瘤内镜黏膜下层剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）穿孔的危险因素.方法 选取2009年10月-2013年2月接受结直肠肿瘤ESD的199例患者.首先,对穿孔的发生率和临床操作过程进行评价.其次,对患者相关的变量（年龄、性别、阿司匹林或抗血小板制剂服用史及合并症）、内镜下的相关变量（肿瘤大小、位置和形态）、手术相关变量（手术者的经验、手术时间、黏膜下注射的药品）、病理诊断进行分析.结果 病变的平均大小为（15.9±10.6） mm.整体切除率为90.5%.20例（10.1%）患者发生了穿孔.16例（8.0%）患者保守治疗成功.肿瘤的类型（侧向发育型肿瘤）和位置（右半结肠）、内镜操作经验缺乏（〈50例）、未行黏膜下层透明质酸钠溶液注射与穿孔的高发生率相关（P〈0.05）.结论 若是侧向发育型的肿瘤类型,ESD需更加谨慎及防止穿孔,进行长期黏膜保护尤为重要.     

Surveillance after endoscopic and surgical resection of colorectal cancer

With the increase in colorectal cancer burden, surveillance following endoscopic and surgical resection is an essential issue. The aim of surveillance programs is improvement of patient survival by early detection of residual tumor tissue or local recurrence, metachronous colorectal tumors, and metastases. Appropriate surveillance should be determined according to this risk of factors. In current guidelines, only surveillance colonoscopy is recommended after endoscopic resection of polyps with high-grade dysplasia, whereas intensive, multimodality surveillance using colonoscopy, radiological imaging and tumor marker measurements is recommended following surgical resection of invasive colorectal cancer. Detailed recommendations, including the timing of surveillance, are described based on high-quality evidence. However, there are still many unresolved issues for which more high-quality evidence is required.     

Effect of prophylactic clip placement following endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal lesions on delayed polypectomy bleeding: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The role of prophylactic clipping for the prevention of delayed polypectomy bleeding(DPB) remains unclear and conclusions from prior meta-analyses are limited due to the inclusion of variety of resection techniques and polyp sizes.AIM To conduct a meta-analysis on the effect of clipping on DPB following endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) of colorectal lesions ≥ 20 mm.METHODS We performed a search of PubMed and the Cochrane library for studies comparing the effect of clipping vs no clipping on DPB following endoscopic resection. The Cochran Q test and I^2 were used to test for heterogeneity. Pooling was conducted using a random-effects model.RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 7794 polyps were identified, of which data was available on 1701 cases of EMR of lesions ≥ 20 mm. Prophylactic clipping was associated with a lower rate of DPB(1.4%) when compared to no clipping(5.2%)(pooled OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.12-0.50, P < 0.001) following EMR of lesions ≥ 20 mm.There was no significant heterogeneity among the studies(I^2 = 0%, P = 0.67).CONLUSION Prophylactic clipping may reduce DPB following EMR of large colorectal lesions.Future trials are needed to further identify risk factors and stratify high risk cases in order to implement a cost-effective preventive strategy.     

Recurrence after endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection for large sessile colorectal polyps

AIM: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) for large sessile colorectal polyps. METHODS: The patients enrolled in this study were 47 patients with 50 large sessile polyps (diameter, 2 cm or greater) who underwent EPMR using a submucosal saline injection technique between December 2002 and October 2005. All medical records, including characteristics of the patients and polyps, complications, and recurrences, were retrospectively reviewed. The first follow-up end...     

Meta-analysis and systematic review of colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection

AIM： To evaluate the proportion of successful complete cure en-bloc resections of large colorectal polyps achieved by endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR）. METHODS： Studies using the EMR technique to resect large colorectal polyps were selected. Successful complete cure en-bloc resection was defined as one piece margin-free polyp resection. Articles were searched for in Medline, Pubmed, and the Cochrane Control Trial Registry, among other sources. RESULTS： An initial search identified 2620 reference articles, from which 429 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Data was extracted from 25 studies （n = 5221） which met the inclusion criteria. All the studies used snares to perform EMR. Pooled proportion of en-bloc resections using a random effect model was 62.85% （95% CI： 51.50-73.52）. The pooled proportion for complete cure en-bloc resections using a random effect model was 58.66% （95% CI： 47.14-69.71）. With higher patient load （〉 200 patients）, this complete cure en-bloc resection rate improves from 44.19% （95% CI： 24.31-65.09） to 69.17% （95% CI： 51.11-84.61）. CONCLUSION： EMR is an effective technique for the resection of large colorectal polyps and offers an alternative to surgery.