肩袖撕裂患者肩部力量和肩部功能的相关性研究

目的探讨肩袖撕裂患者手术前肩部力量和肩部功能状况及两者之间的关系。 方法选择2016年3月至2019年7月在本院进行手术治疗的全层肩袖撕裂患者243例。在患者手术前应用等速肌力测试检测患者肩部力量，应用临床评分系统测量患者肩部功能。根据患者撕裂程度大小将患者分为4组：小型撕裂组、中型撕裂组、大型撕裂组、巨大型撕裂组。分析每组患者肩部力量和肩部功能的相关性。 结果在肩袖小型撕裂患者中，外展力量和视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）存在负相关（r=-0.307，P=0.018）；在肩袖中型撕裂患者中，外展力量和美国加州大学肩关节评分系统（ University of California at Los Angeles ,UCLA）（r=0.262，P=0.015）、SF-36躯体健康总评（physical component summary,PCS）（r=0.226，P=0.038）存在正相关；外旋力量和UCLA评分存在正相关（r=0.289，P=0.007）；在肩袖大型撕裂患者中，外展力量和Constant评分（r=0.282，P=0.043）、加州大学肩关节评分系统（American shoulder and elbow surgeon' form , ASES）（r=0.309，P=0.026）、SF-36PCS评分（r=0.317，P=0.022）存在正相关；外旋力量和UCLA评分（r=0.288，P=0.038）、Constant评分（r=0.293，P=0.035）、ASES评分（r=0.329，P=0.017）存在正相关；内旋力量和UCLA评分（r =0.383，P=0.005）、Constant评分（r=0.401，P=0.003）、ASES评分（r=0.314，P=0.023）、SF-36PCS评分（r=0.285，P=0.041）、SF-36精神健康总评（mental component summary , MCS）（r=0.304，P=0.028）存在正相关；在肩袖巨大型撕裂患者中，外展力量和VAS评分（r=-0.308，P=0.035）存在负相关，和UCLA评分（r=0.413，P=0.004）、Constant评分（r=0.489，P=0.000）、ASES评分（r=0.473，P=0.001）、SF-36PCS评分（r=0.772，P=0.000）、SF-36 MCS评分（r=0.293，P=0.046）存在正相关；外旋力量和VAS评分（r=-0.292，P=0.046）存在负相关，和UCLA评分（r=0.629，P=0.000）、Constant评分（r=0.413，P=0.004）、ASES评分（r=0.695，P=0.000）、SF-36 PCS评分（r=0.583，P=0.000）存在正相关；内旋力量和VAS评分（r=-0.309，P=0.035）存在负相关，和UCLA评分（r=0.512，P=0.000）、Constant评分（r=0.709，P=0.000）、ASES评分（r=0.802，P=0.000）、SF-36PCS评分（r=0.501，P=0.000）存在正相关。 结论撕裂程度可能是决定患者肩部力量和肩部功能相关程度的关键因素，部分修复不可修复的巨大撕裂非常重要。     

早期康复训练与术后制动对关节镜下肩袖修复患者肩关节功能恢复的影响

目的 观察肩袖中度撕裂和肩袖较小撕裂患者关节镜下肩袖修复术后早期康复训练与肩关节制动对其肩关节功能及肌腱愈合的影响。方法 纳入自2021-01—2021-12完成的62例关节镜下肩袖修复术,其中31例术后未制动并早期进行康复训练（早期康复组）,31例术后制动6周并进行合适的康复训练（术后制动组）。比较两组术后疼痛VAS评分、肩关节活动度、肩关节ASES评分与肩袖再撕裂发生率。结果 62例均获得随访,随访时间12～15个月,平均12.97个月。早期康复组与术后制动组术后3个月、6个月疼痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。早期康复组术后3个月、6个月肩关节活动度及肩关节ASES评分优于术后制动组（P<0.05）。随访至术后12个月,早期康复组肩袖再撕裂发生率为9.68%(3/28),术后制动组肩袖再撕裂发生率为6.45%(2/29),组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于肩袖中度撕裂和肩袖较小撕裂患者,关节镜下肩袖修复术后早期康复训练在肩关节活动度及肩关节功能改善方面具有明显效果,而且并没有增加术后肩袖再撕裂发生风险,可以不考虑术后早期肩关节制动。     

镜下肩袖修复围手术期护理与康复

[目的]评价关节镜下肩袖损伤修复个性化围手术期护理与康复的效果。[方法]回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年12月本院肩袖损伤关节镜下修复术103例患者的临床资料，对患者实施个性化护理与康复指导。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术，无严重住院期间并发症。出院时患者对护理服务及时到位、病房休养体验、康复指导准确有效、沟通交流以及管理规范性5个方面总评分为（94.4±4.0）分。随时间推移，103例患者VAS、ASES评分和肩关节前屈上举ROM、外展上举ROM及后伸ROM均显著改善（P<0.05）。[结论]关节镜下肩袖损伤修复个性化围手术期护理与康复，可减轻患者疼痛，提高功能康复与护理满意度，有利于肩关节功能恢复。     

保留残端骨髓刺激的镜下肩袖修复术

[目的]探讨关节镜下保留肩袖残端联合骨髓刺激技术修复急性肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2018年5月—2020年5月本院收治的64例急性肩袖撕裂患者的临床资料,根据医患沟通结果,32例采用保留肩袖残端微骨折骨髓刺激修复（改良组）,另外32例采用传统骨床新鲜化修复技术（传统组）。比较两组围手术期、随访和影像结果。[结果]两组均顺利完成手术,两组手术时间、术中失血量、切口愈合、主动活动时间、住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。平均随访时间（31.9±3.4）个月,两组完全负重活动时间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与术前相比,末次随访时两组患者VAS、Constant-Murley、UCLA和ASES评分,以及肩前屈上举、外展上举、内-外旋活动度（range of motion, ROM）均显著改善（P<0.05）,相应时间点,两组间上述指标的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。影像方面,与术前相比,末次随访时两组患者肌腱完整性均显著改善（P<0.05）,肩肱距离(acromiohumeral distance, AHD）、肌腱脂肪浸润程...     

富血小板血浆对关节镜下肩袖修补安全性和有效性影响的Meta分析与系统评价

目的系统评价肩关节镜下肩袖修补联合应用富血小板血浆(PRP)对肩袖撕裂治疗安全性和有效性的影响。方法按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,利用计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane library、Embase databases、中国生物医学文献数据库(CNM)、中国知网(CNKI)以及万方数据库等,全面检索关于PRP应用对肩袖撕裂修补安全性和有效性影响的随机对照试验,检索年限为建库至2016年9月。按照既定的纳入和排除标准审阅文献,严格评价纳入研究的方法学质量,提取各项指标数据并利用Rev Man 5.3软件对资料进行Meta分析。对PRP组与对照组间的再撕裂率、Constant评分、美国肩肘外科协会评分(ASES评分)及并发症发生率行固定效应模型分析;对美国加州大学肩关节评分(UCLA评分)及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)行随机性效应模型分析,对巨大和小范围肩袖撕裂再撕裂率行描述性分析。结果最终共纳入随机对照试验文献14篇,患者929例,其中PRP组466例,对照组463例。Meta分析结果显示,PRP组较对照组术后再撕裂率降低[RD=-0.12,95%CI(-0.18,-0.07),P0.01]、术后Constant评分提高[MD=2.43,95%CI(1.11,3.76),P0.01],且两组差异有统计学意义。两组术后UCLA评分[MD=-0.01,95%CI(-1.38,1.35),P0.05]、ASES评分[MD=0.27,95%CI(-1.43,1.97),P0.05]、VAS评分[MD=-0.34,95%CI(-0.72,0.03),P0.05]及并发症[RD=0.05,95%CI(-0.02,-0.12),P0.05]间无统计学差异。结论 PRP应用可降低肩袖撕裂修补术后再撕裂率、提高术后患者生活质量,但应谨慎预防术后并发症。     

双排与缝合桥技术在关节镜下肩袖修复术中的疗效对比

目的 比较关节镜下双排与缝合桥技术在修复肩袖全层撕裂中的效果。方法 回顾性分析本院2017年10月至2020年10月间66例肩袖全层撕裂患者的关节镜下肩袖修复手术,其中前33例患者（对照组）采用双排缝合技术,后33例患者（观察组）采用缝合桥技术,术后比较两组相关指标,主要包括美国加州大学（UCLA）肩关节评分,美国肩肘外科医师协会（ASES）肩关节功能评分及Constant肩关节评分。结果 观察组患者术后UCLA肩关节评分32.15高于对照组28.58,(P<0.01);观察组患者（92.40）与对照组（86.46）在ASES肩关节功能评分中存在统计学差异（P<0.01）;观察组患者Constant肩关节评分（82.17）对比对照组患者（72.16）有统计学差异（P<0.01）。两组患者在治疗前后及末次随访时关节活动度均有明显改善,患者无神经损伤,伤口感染及缝合固定失败等围术期的并发症。结论 关节镜下缝合桥技术与关节镜下双排缝合技术在全层肩袖撕裂修复中相比,在肩关节功能评分方面有显著优势,关节镜下缝合桥缝合技术值得在临床上广泛应用。     

关节镜下Suture Bridge双排法和SCOI单排法缝合修复中型肩袖撕裂的疗效比较

[目的]比较肩关节镜下Suture Bridge双排缝合法和SCOI单排缝合法修复中型大小肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。[方法] 2014年1月～2017年6月,进行了189例肩关节镜下肩袖损伤修复手术。根据纳入和排除标准,纳入了80例患者作为研究对象。根据缝合修复方法不同将患者分为Suture Bride双排法修复组(双排法组) 41例和SCOI修复组(单排法组) 39例。采用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校评分系统(UCLA)评分和美国肩肘外科协会评分系统(ASES)评分评价临床效果。[结果]双排法组和SCOI单排法组平均随访时间分别为(48.82±6.34)、(49.64±7.23)个月。双排法组UCLA评分为(33.92±4.64)分,单排法组UCLA评分为(33.19±5.22)分。两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。双排法组ASES评分为(88.94±5.46)分,单排法组ASES评分为(83.37±6.24)分。两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]对于中型肩袖撕裂,Suture Bridge双排法修复和SCOI单排法修复缝合UCLA评分和ASES评分无明显差别,均可取得良好的临床疗效     

关节镜下单排带线锚钉修补结合大结节骨髓刺激治疗大到巨大肩袖撕裂

目的研究关节镜下单排带线锚钉修补结合大结节骨髓刺激技术治疗大到巨大肩袖撕裂的临床效果。 方法对24例大到巨大肩袖撕裂患者,在关节镜下采用肩袖止点内移单排带线锚钉修补,并在修补肌腱外侧大结节裸露足印区打孔。术后按照康复计划渐进性康复训练。手术前和术后12个月对患肩采用VAS、UCLA、ASES评分系统进行疼痛和功能评估;并在术后第3天、3个月和12个月进行肩关节磁共振检查,观察肩袖修补和大结节足印区软组织覆盖情况。 结果所有患者随访12个月,术前和术后12个月VAS评分分别为（6.3±1.9）分和（0.4±0.1）分（P<0.05）,UCLA评分分别为（10.1±4.5）分和（30.4±4.2）分（P<0.05）,ASES评分分别为（27.9±17.8）分和（77.6±17.5）分（P<0.05）,所有手术肩关节疼痛和运动能力均较术前明显改善。术后12个月磁共振随访发现2例肩袖再撕裂发生,矢状位显示撕裂宽度均<1 cm;冠状位盂上切迹平面大结节足印区组织覆盖率在术后第3天、3个月、12个月平均分别为34.3%、89.1%和88.7%。 结论关节镜下肩袖单排带线锚钉修补结合大结节骨髓刺激技术治疗大到巨大肩袖撕裂能够提供可靠的修补,显著缓解疼痛,恢复肩关节功能并促进术后大结节足印区软组织覆盖。     

肱二头肌长头腱与冈上肌腱联合修复巨大肩袖损伤的疗效分析

[目的]研究关节镜下肱二头肌长头腱与冈上肌腱联合固定术治疗肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。[方法]2013年1月~2015年3月,关节镜下利用冈上肌腱与肱二头肌长头腱联合固定术治疗巨大肩袖损伤40例,其中男16例,女24例;年龄33~64岁,平均(51±5.6)岁。术前查体Neer征、Hawkins征、Speed征、Jobe征等阳性,肱二头肌长头腱压痛阳性。术前肩关节功能Constant-Merly评分(51.1±8.3)分,美国肩肘医师协会(ASES)评分(49.2±5.3)分,VAS疼痛评分(6.2±1.9)分。镜下探查发现除肩袖撕裂外,均伴有肱二头肌长头腱严重磨损。将冈上肌腱与肱二头肌长头腱联合固定修复肩袖损伤,术后上肢制动,Constant-Murley、ASES和VAS评分及影像学指标评估疗效。[结果]手术时间平均(60±16.3)min,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、再撕裂等手术相关并发症。40例患者均获随访,随访时间9~24个月,平均(14±2.6)个月。末次随访时,肩关节功能Constant-Merly评分(88.2±5.6)分,美国肩肘医师协会(ASES)评分(90.4±6.1)分,VAS疼痛评分(1.2±0.8)分;与术前相比,Constant-Merly和ASES评分均优于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);VAS疼痛评分显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]巨大肩袖损伤伴肱二头肌长头腱严重损伤采用关节镜下冈上肌腱与二头肌长头腱联合固定术修复,有利于增加肩袖修复的牢固性,可获得较好的临床疗效。     

肩袖修复中是否行肩峰成形术的荟萃分析

[目的]系统性评价肩峰成形术在关节镜下肩袖修复过程中的临床疗效。[方法]计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,CBM、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库,检索时间从建库至2018年3月10日。检索肩袖修复与肩峰成形治疗肩袖损伤的随机对照试验(RCT),比较两组患者Constant评分、ASES评分、UCLA评分、VAS评分和再手术率。应用RevMan 5.3统计学软件进行分析。[结果]共纳入7篇RCTs,共586例肩袖修复病例,其中肩峰成形组301例,非肩峰成形组285例。Meta分析结果显示,肩峰成形组的Constant评分显著高于非肩峰成形组,差异有统计学意义(WMD=2.98,95%CI 0.87～5.09,P=0.006);随访12个月时,肩峰成形组VAS评分显著低于非肩峰成形组,差异有统计学意义(WMD=-0.61,95%CI-0.85～0.36,P=0.003),前者再手术率也显著低于后者,差异有统计学意义(RR=0.14,95%CI 0.03～0.62,P=0.010)。但两组在ASES评分和UCLA评分方面的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]对于肩袖损伤的患者,肩关节镜手术中行肩峰成形术在Constant评分、再手术率方面优于不做肩峰成形组。     

Prospective analysis of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: prognostic factors affecting clinical and ultrasound outcome

The purpose of this study was to identify potential predictors of function and tendon healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair that will enable the orthopaedic surgeon to determine which patients can expect a successful outcome. Between 2003 and 2005, the Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Registry was established to collect demographic, intraoperative, functional outcome, and ultrasound data prospectively on all patients who underwent primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. At total of 193 patients met the study criteria, and 127 (65.8%) completed the 2-year follow-up. The most significant independent factors affecting ultrasound outcome were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.14; P = .006) and tear size (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.55-3.38; P < .001). After adjustment for age and tear size, the intraoperative factors found to be significantly associated with a tendon defect were concomitant biceps procedures (OR, 11.39; 95% CI, 2.90-44.69; P < .001) and acromioclavicular joint procedures (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.46-10.12; P = .006). In contrast to the ultrasound data, the functional outcome variables, such as satisfaction (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 2.00-7.68; P < .001) and strength (OR, 10.05; 95% CI, 1.61-62.77; P = .01), had a greater role in predicting an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score greater than 90. The progression from a single-tendon rotator cuff tear to a multiple-tendon tear with associated pathology increased the likelihood of tendon defect by at least 9 times, and therefore, earlier surgical intervention for isolated, single-tendon rotator cuff tears could optimize the likelihood of ultrasound healing and an excellent functional outcome.     

One-year Patient-reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Do Not Correlate With Mild to Moderate Psychological Distress

Background

Patients with shoulder and rotator cuff pathology who exhibit greater levels of psychological distress report inferior preoperative self-assessments of pain and function. In several other areas of orthopaedics, higher levels of distress correlate with a higher likelihood of persistent pain and disability after recovery from surgery. To our knowledge, the relationship between psychological distress and outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has not been similarly investigated.

Questions/purposes

(1) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with differences in outcome scores (visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (2) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with less improvement in outcome scores (VAS for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (3) Does the prevalence of psychological distress in a population with full-thickness rotator cuff tears change when assessed preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?

Methods

Eighty-five patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled; 70 patients (82%) were assessed at 1-year followup. During the study period, the three participating surgeons performed 269 rotator cuff repairs; in large part, the low overall rate of enrollment was related to two surgeons enrolling only two patients total in the initial 14 months of the study. Psychological distress was quantified using the Distress Risk Assessment Method questionnaire, and patients completed self-assessments including the VAS for pain, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Fifty of 85 patients (59%) had normal levels of distress, 26 of 85 (31%) had moderate levels of distress, and nine of 85 (11%) had severe levels of distress. Statistical models were used to assess the effect of psychological distress on patient self-assessment of shoulder pain and function at 1 year after surgery.

Results

With the numbers available, distressed patients were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of postoperative VAS for pain (1.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0–2.8] versus 1.0 [95% CI, 0.5–1.4], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (9 [95% CI, 8.1–10.4] versus 11 [95% CI, 10.0–11.0], p = 0.06), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (80 [95% CI, 72–88] versus 88 [95% CI, 84–92], p = 0.08) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. With the numbers available, distressed patients also were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of the amount of improvement in scores between preoperative assessment and 1-year followup on the VAS for pain (3 [95% CI, 2.2–4.1] versus 2 [95% CI, 1.4–2.9], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (5.2 [95% CI, 3.7–6.6] versus 5.0 [95% CI, 4.2–5.8], p = 0.86), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale (38 [95% CI, 29–47] versus 30 [95% CI, 25–36], p = 0.16). The prevalence of psychological distress in our patient population was lower at 1 year after surgery 14 of 70 (20%) versus 35 of 85 (41%) preoperatively (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17–0.74; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Mild to moderate levels of distress did not diminish patient-reported outcomes to a clinically important degree in this small series of patients with rotator cuff tears. This contrasts with reports from other areas of orthopaedic surgery and may be related to a more self-limited course of symptoms in patients with rotator cuff disease or possibly to a beneficial effect of rotator cuff repair on sleep quality or other unrecognized determinants of psychosocial status.

Level of Evidence

Level I, prognostic study.     

Re-tears after rotator cuff repair: Current concepts review

Re-tear following rotator cuff repair is common and has been reported to range from between 13 and 94% despite satisfactory clinical outcomes following rotator cuff surgery. Various risk factors have been associated with an increased tear rate, including patient factors, tear and shoulder morphology, repair technique, and rehabilitation regimes. Different modes of rotator cuff failure have been described. The management of re-tear in patients following rotator cuff repair is challenging and depends on the age, functional status and requirements of the patient, and re-tear size and residual tendon length. This article aims to review the factors associated with rotator cuff re-tear. It describes which of these are associated with poor clinical outcomes, and discusses the long-term outcomes of re-tear and treatment options.     

Compensatory Movement Patterns Are Based on Abnormal Activity of the Biceps Brachii and Posterior Deltoid Muscles in Patients with Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears

BackgroundAbnormal movement patterns due to compensatory mechanisms have been reported in patients with rotator cuff tears. The long head of the biceps tendon may especially be overactive and a source of pain and could induce abnormal muscle activation in these patients. It is still unknown why some patients with a rotator cuff tear develop complaints and others do not.Questions/purposes(1) Which shoulder muscles show a different activation pattern on electromyography (EMG) while performing the Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) in patients with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear compared with age-matched controls with an intact rotator cuff? (2) Which shoulder muscles are coactivated on EMG while performing the FIT-HaNSA?MethodsThis comparative study included two groups of people aged 50 years and older: a group of patients with chronic symptomatic rotator cuff tears (confirmed by MRI or ultrasound with the exclusion of Patte stage 3 and massive rotator cuff tears) and a control group of volunteers without shoulder conditions. Starting January 2019, 12 patients with a chronic rotator cuff tear were consecutively recruited at the outpatient orthopaedic clinic. Eleven age-matched controls (randomly recruited by posters in the hospital) were included after assuring the absence of shoulder complaints and an intact rotator cuff on ultrasound imaging. The upper limb was examined using the FIT-HaNSA (score: 0 [worst] to 300 seconds [best]), shoulder-specific instruments, health-related quality of life, and EMG recordings of 10 shoulder girdle muscles while performing a tailored FIT-HaNSA.ResultsEMG (normalized root mean square amplitudes) revealed hyperactivity of the posterior deltoid and biceps brachii muscles during the upward phase in patients with rotator cuff tears compared with controls (posterior deltoid: 111% ± 6% versus 102% ± 10%, mean difference -9 [95% confidence interval -17 to -1]; p = 0.03; biceps brachii: 118% ± 7% versus 111% ± 6%, mean difference -7 [95% CI -13 to 0]; p = 0.04), and there was decreased activity during the downward phase in patients with rotator cuff tears compared with controls (posterior deltoid: 89% ± 6% versus 98% ± 10%, mean difference 9 [95% CI 1 to 17]; p = 0.03; biceps brachii: 82% ± 7% versus 89% ± 6%, mean difference 7 [95% CI 0 to 14]; p = 0.03). The posterior deltoid functioned less in conjunction with the other deltoid muscles, and lower coactivation was seen in the remaining intact rotator cuff muscles in the rotator cuff tear group than in the control group.ConclusionPatients with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear show compensatory movement patterns based on abnormal activity of the biceps brachii and posterior deltoid muscles when compared with age-matched controls. The posterior deltoid functions less in conjunction with the other deltoid muscles, and lower coactivation was seen in the remaining intact rotator cuff muscles in the rotator cuff tear group than the control group.Clinical RelevanceThis study supports the potential benefit of addressing the long head biceps tendon in the treatment of patients with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear. Moreover, clinicians might use these findings for conservative treatment; the posterior deltoid can be specifically trained to help compensate for the deficient rotator cuff.     

Transtendon arthroscopic repair of high grade partial-thickness articular surface tears of the rotator cuff with biceps tendon augmentation: technical note and preliminary results

Introduction  

Partial articular surface of the rotator cuff tendon tears has been recognized as a source of treatable shoulder pain and a precursory pathology for full-thickness tendon tears. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a possible surgical method of treatment. Recent data have shown that the treating partial-thickness rotator cuff repairs with transtendon technique shows good clinical outcome. The use of this technique enables the reconstitution of the tendon with complete reconstruction of its footprint without damaging its intact bursal part. In cases of high grade partial articular-sided degenerative rotator cuff tears (involving >50% of the tendon) in older patients, there is a possibility of poor healing or re-tear of the rotator cuff repair, which may be associated with poor tendon quality and substantial thinning of the rotator cuff, subsequently revision surgery in these patients will be demanding.     

The relationship between greater tuberosity osteopenia and the chronicity of rotator cuff tears

This study investigated whether a relationship exists between greater tuberosity osteopenia and chronicity of rotator cuff tears. In a retrospective study, anteroposterior radiographs of 28 shoulders in 27 patients who had undergone surgical repair for rotator cuff tears were reviewed. Greater tuberosity osteopenia scores were created using National Institutes of Health digital image software. There was no significant difference in the mean age between patients with minimal to mild rotator cuff tear retraction (63.1 +/- 6.14 years) and patients with moderate to severe rotator cuff tear retraction (63.4 +/- 9.76 years; P = .77). Of the 13 patients with minimal to mild rotator cuff tear retraction, 10 (77%) were women and 3 (23%) were men. Of 14 patients (50%) with moderate to severe rotator cuff tear retraction, 7 were men and 7 were women. The mean greater tuberosity osteopenia score in the 15 patients with moderate to severe retraction (0.48 +/- 0.095) was significantly less than the greater tuberosity osteopenia score in the 13 patients with minimal to mild retraction (0.58 +/- 0.135; P < .05). Furthermore, the mean greater tuberosity osteopenia score in 6 patients with chronic retracted rotator cuff tears (0.48 +/- 0.125) was significantly less than in the 6 patients with acute minimally retracted tears (0.64 +/- 0.119, P < .05). There were significantly greater osteopenic changes in the greater tuberosity in patients with chronic retracted rotator cuff tears. The greater tuberosity osteopenia may affect anchor pullout strength and the healing biology that influences overall rotator cuff repair healing rates.     

关节镜下自体阔筋膜补片桥接冈上肌治疗不可修复性巨大肩袖撕裂

目的探讨关节镜下阔筋膜补片桥接冈上肌治疗不可修复性巨大肩袖撕裂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年7月至2017年7月采用关节镜下阔筋膜补片桥接冈上肌治疗的不可修复性巨大肩袖撕裂患者10例,男4例,女6例;年龄(61.3±2.9)岁(范围57~67岁);右肩7例,左肩3例;7例患肩为主力侧。术前症状持续时间(14.0±13.5)个月(范围1~48个月),2例有外伤史,所有病例均为初次手术。术后1周、6个月、1年、2年时行MR检查,评估阔筋膜补片桥接不可修复性巨大肩袖撕裂的转归愈合情况,并采用美国肩肘外科协会(American Shoulder&Elbow Surgeons,ASES)评分、美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(University of California Los Angeles,UCLA)评分、Constant-Murley评分评估肩关节功能。结果全部病例均可重建水平力偶,未出现围手术期并发症。术后2年ASES评分为(92.2±3.5)分(范围88.3~98.3分)、UCLA评分为(31.6±2.0)分(范围28~34分)、Constant-Murley评分为(85.2±5.4)分(范围78~93分),均较术前[分别为(32.7±16.2)分(范围15~75分)、(9.8±4.9)分(范围6~23分)、(32.4±15.7)分(范围14~72分)]提高,差异有统计学意义(t=11.254,P=0.000;t=12.111,P=0.000;t=8.948,P=0.000);疼痛视觉模拟评分为(0.6±0.5)分(范围0~1分),较术前的(6.4±1.3)分(范围3~8分)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=11.326,P=0.000)。术后2年MRI显示9例患者阔筋膜补片同肩袖残端愈合良好,1例发生再撕裂并出现补片吸收现象。10例患者肩关节前屈、外展、内旋外旋活动度均明显改善,但存在不同程度的力弱(3~4级)。结论关节镜下阔筋膜补片桥接冈上肌治疗不可修复性巨大肩袖撕裂能有效改善肩关节功能,自体阔筋膜补片通过桥接可以与肩袖组织愈合。     

Biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair

Rotator cuff repair is commonly performed to provide pain relief and improve shoulder function in patients with pain and disability related to cuff tears. However, re-tear rates following repair remain remarkably high in certain patient populations. Biologic strategies to reinforce repairs or augment tendon healing, such as extracellular matrices and platelet-rich plasma therapy, are an area of increased interest among orthopedic surgeons to improve these suboptimal healing rates. As more products have become commercially available, much attention has been turned to determining the optimal augmentation technique. However, data supporting the role and efficacy of these products is limited. Thus careful patient selection remains the most essential strategy for optimizing tendon healing potential following rotator cuff repair.     

Comparison of self-administered University of California, Los Angeles, shoulder score with traditional University of California, Los Angeles, shoulder score completed by clinicians in assessing the outcome of rotator cuff surgery

To determine whether the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score completed by the patient is comparable to that obtained by the clinician, 110 patients who had undergone either arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) or rotator cuff repair (RCR) completed the UCLA score questionnaire by mail at 2 months (ASD subgroup) or 4 months (RCR subgroup). Patients were then assessed by 2 clinicians in random order. There was a very good level of agreement for the overall UCLA score for the total cohort (N = 100 with complete data) (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.910; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 0.94) and for ASD (n = 46) (ICC, 0.951; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.97) and good agreement for RCR (n = 54) (ICC, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.83). Agreement between patient and assessor 1, patient and assessor 2, and assessors 1 and 2 was also very good (with whole-cohort ICCs of 0.875, 0.910, and 0.935, respectively). Bland-Altman plots showed little systematic disagreement and consistently narrow limits of agreement. Patient self-administration of the UCLA shoulder score yields acceptable results.